harmful effect of tobacco

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2. Uses of Nicotine

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Use of Tobacco
• Why People use Tobacco
Nicotine
Powerful psychoactive drug
Reaches Brain via bloodstream in
seconds
Most physically addictive of the
psychoactive drugs.

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Loss of Control
• Three out of four smokers want to quit
• 60%-80% kick the habit at a stop-smoking clinic.
• However, 75% start smoking within a year.
• Relapse rate similar to alcoholics and heroin addicts.

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Tolerance and Withdrawal
• Using tobacco develops tolerance
• addiction may occur within a couple of days.
• Abstinence from nicotine:
• predictable withdrawal symptoms
• Occurs within hours of last dose of nicotine
• Most symptoms pass in 2-3 days.

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Social and Psychological Factors
• Established habits or cues to trigger smoking
• Secondary reinforcers.

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Why Start in the First Place?
• Decreases in usage in the 1980’s but a steady increase
in the 1990’s.
• Largest increase was 13- and 14-years old.
• College aged increased from 22% in 1993 to 29% in
1999.
• Children and teenagers make-up 90% of all new
smokers in this country.

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Listening to Advertising
• Tobacco spends nearly $6 billion per year.
• 86% of teens prefer the top three most advertised
brands.
• Joe Camel is more familiar than Mickey Mouse.

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Who Uses Tobacco?
• Characteristics which could increase the potential for use.
• A parent or sibling uses tobacco
• Peers use tobacco
• Child comes from blue-collar family
• Child comes from low-income home
• Single parent.
• Performs poorly in school
• Child drops out of school
• Has positive attitudes towards tobacco

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Immediate Effects
• Acts on the brain like cocaine and heroin
Mild nicotine poisoning
Stimulates the cerebral cortex
Releases epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
Physiological effects on the body

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Additional Health, Cosmetic, and
Economic Concerns
• Ulcers
• Impotence
• Reproductive health problems
• Dental diseases
• Diminished physical senses
• Injuries
• Cosmetic concerns
• Economic costs

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Infants, Children, and ETS
• More likely to develop
Bronchitis, pneumonia,& respiratory infections
More complications from asthma
Increased can of SIDS
• Children inhale three times more pollutants per unit
of body weight than adults.

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