Grade 11 Gen Mathematics

1. Relations and Functions
FELINA E. VICTORIA
MAED-MATH

2. What is a Relation?
A relation is a set of ordered pairs.
When you group two or more points in a set, it is
referred to as a relation. When you want to show that a
set of points is a relation you list the points in braces.
For example, if I want to show that the points (-3,1) ;
(0, 2) ; (3, 3) ; & (6, 4) are a relation, it would be written
like this:
{(-3,1) ; (0, 2) ; (3, 3) ; (6, 4)}
……….

3. Domain and Range
 Each ordered pair has two parts, an x-value
and a y-value.
 The x-values of a given relation are called the
Domain.
 The y-values of the relation are called the
Range.
 When you list the domain and range of
relation, you place each the domain and the
range in a separate set of braces.
……….

4. For Example,
1. List the domain and the range of the relation
{(-3,1) ; (0, 2) ; (3, 3) ; (6, 4)}
Domain: { -3, 0, 3, 6} Range: {1, 2, 3, 4}
2. List the domain and the range of the relation
{(-3,3) ; (0, 2) ; (3, 3) ; (6, 4) ; ( 7, 7)}
Domain: {-3, 0, 3, 6, 7} Range: {3, 2, 4, 7}
Notice! Even though the number 3 is listed twice in the
relation, you only note the number once when you list the
domain or range!
……….

5. What is a Function?
A function is a relation that assigns each
y-value only one x-value.
What does that mean? It means, in order for the
relation to be considered a function, there cannot be
any repeated values in the domain.
There are two ways to see if a relation is a function:
1. Vertical Line Test
2. Mappings
……….

6. Using the Vertical Line Test
Use the vertical line test to check
if the relation is a function only if
the relation is already graphed.
1. Hold a straightedge (pen, ruler,
etc) vertical to your graph.
2. Drag the straightedge from left
to right on the graph.
3. If the straightedge intersects
the graph once in each spot ,
then it is a function.
4. If the straightedge intersects the
graph more than once in any
spot, it is not a function.
A function!
……….

7. Examples of the Vertical Line Test
function
function
Not a function
Not a function
……….

8. Mappings
If the relation is not graphed, it is easier to use what
is called a mapping.
 When you are creating a mapping of a relation, you
draw two ovals.
 In one oval, list all the domain values.
 In the other oval, list all the range values.
 Draw a line connecting the pairs of domain and range
values.
 If any domain value ‘maps’ to two different range
values, the relation is not a function.
It’s easier than it sounds 
……….

9. Example of a Mapping
Create a mapping of the following relation and
state whether or not it is a function.
{(-3,1) ; (0, 2) ; (3, 3) ; (6, 4)}
Steps
1. Draw ovals
2. List domain
3. List range
4. Draw lines to
connect
-3
0
3
6
1
2
3
4
This relation is a function because each x-value maps to only one y-value.

10. Another Mapping
Create a mapping of the following relation and
state whether or not it is a function.
{(-1,2) ; (1, 2) ; (5, 3) ; (6, 8)}
-1
1
5
6
2
3
8
Notice that even
though there are
two 2’s in the
range, you only
list the 2 once.
This relation is a function because each x-value maps to only one y-value.
It is still a function if two x-values go to the same y-value.

11. Last Mapping
Create a mapping of the following relation and
state whether or not it is a function.
{(-4,-1) ; (-4, 0) ; (5, 1) ; (3, 9)}
-4
5
3
-1
0
1
9
This relation is NOT a function because the (-4) maps to the (-1) & the (0).
It is NOT a function if one x-value go to two different y-values.
Make sure to list
the (-4) only once!

12. Vocabulary Review
 Relation: a set of order pairs.
 Domain: the x-values in the relation.
 Range: the y-values in the relation.
 Function: a relation where each x-value is
assigned (maps to) on one y-value.
 Vertical Line Test: using a vertical
straightedge to see if the relation is a
function.
 Mapping: a diagram used to see if the relation
is a function.
……….

13. Practice (you will need to hit the spacebar to pull up the next slide)
Complete the following questions and check your answers on the next slide.
1. Identify the domain and range of the following relations:
a. {(-4,-1) ; (-2, 2) ; (3, 1) ; (4, 2)}
b. {(0,-6) ; (1, 2) ; (7, -4) ; (1, 4)}
2. Graph the following relations and use the vertical line test to see if the
relation is a function. Connect the pairs in the order given.
a. {(-3,-3) ; (0, 6) ; (3, -3)}
b. {(0,6) ; (3, 3) ; (0, 0)}
3. Use a mapping to see if the following relations are functions:
a. {(-4,-1) ; (-2, 2) ; (3, 1) ; (4, 2)}
b. {(0,-6) ; (1, 2) ; (7, -4) ; (1, 4)}

14. Answers (you will need to hit the spacebar to pull up the next slide)
1a. Domain: {-4, -2, 3, 4} Range: {-2, 2, 1}
1b. Domain: {0, 1, 7} Range: {-6, 2, -4, 4}
2a. 2b.
3a. 3b.
Function Not a Function
-4
-2
3
4
-1
2
1
0
1
7
-6
2
-4
4
Function Not a Function

15. One more thing…
The equation that represents a function is called a
function rule.
 A function rule is written with two variables, x
and y.
 It can also be written in function notation, f(x),
When you are given a function rule, you can
evaluate the function at a given domain value to find
the corresponding range value.
……….

16. Unit 1: Lesson 2
Evaluating Functions

17. How to Evaluate a Function Rule
To evaluate a function rule, substitute the
value in for x and solve for y.
Examples
Evaluate the given function rules for x = 2
y= x + 5 y= 2x -1 y= -x + 2
y=(2)+ 5
y= 7
y=2(2)-1
y= 4 – 1
y= 3
y=-(2)+2
y= -2 + 2
y= 0
……….

18. Evaluating for a given domain
 You can also be asked to find the range
values for a given domain.
 This is the same as before, but now
you’re evaluating the same function rule for
more than one number.
 The values that you are substituting in are x
values, so they are apart of the domain.
 The values you are generating are y-values,
so they are apart of the range.
……….

19. Example
Find the range values of the function
for the given domain.
y = -3x + 2 ; {-1, 0, 1, 2}
……….
Steps
1. Sub in each
domain value in
one @ a time.
2. Solve for y in
each
3. List y values in
braces.

20. One more example
Find the range values of the
function
for the given domain.
y = 5x - 7 ; {-3, -2, 4}
……….

23. Answer on the given example
Find the range values of the function
for the given domain.
y = 5x - 7 ; {-3, -2, 4}
y = 5x -7 y = 5x -7 y = 5x - 7
y = 5(-3) - 7 y= 5(-2) -7 y = 5(4) - 7
y = -15 - 7 y= -10 - 7 y= 20 - 7
y= -22 y= -17 y= 13
The range values for the given domain are
{ -22, -17, 13}.
……….

24. Practice (you’ll need to hit the spacebar to pull up the next slide)
1. Find the range values of the function
for the given domain.
y = 3x + 1 ; {-4, 0, 2}
2. Find the range values of the function
for the given domain.
y = -2x + 3 ; {-5, -2, 6}
Steps
1. Sub in each domain value in one @ a time.
2. Solve for y in each
3. List y values in braces.

25. Answers
y = 3x + 1
y = 3(-4) + 1
y = -12 + 1
y = -11
y = 3x + 1
y = 3(0) + 1
y = 0 + 1
y = 1
Ans. { -11, 1, 7}
y = 3x + 1
y = 3(2) + 1
y = 6 + 1
y = 7
y = -2x + 3
y = -2(-5) + 3
y = 10 + 3
y = 13
y = -2x + 3
y = -2(-2) + 3
y = 4 +3
y = 7
Ans. { 13, 7, -9}
y = -2x + 3
y = -2(6) + 3
y = -12 +3
y = -9
1.
2.