Recall the unambiguous grammar for arithmetic expressions discussed .pdf

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Recall the unambiguous grammar for arithmetic expressions discussed in class: Modify this grammar to allow an exponentiation operator, ^, so that we can write expressions like i+i^i*i. Of course, your modified grammar should be unambiguous. Give exponentiation higher precedence than the other binary operators and (unlike the other binary operators) make it associate to the right. Solution E -> E+T | E-T | T T -> T*Y | T/Y | Y Y -> F^Y | F F -> i | (E) with the above modified grammer you can easily write expresions like i+i^i*i and.

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What are the major inputs to the MRP system? Solution Material requirements planning (MRP) is a computer-based inventory management system designed to assist production managers in scheduling and placing orders for items of dependent demand. Dependent demand items are components of finished goods—such as raw materials, component parts, and subassemblies—for which the amount of inventory needed depends on the level of production of the final product..

What are the major inputs to the MRP systemSolutionMaterial r.pdf

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Type I alveolar cells: (a) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their membranes. (b) secrete a chemical known as surfactant. (c) are phagocytic. (d) A, B, and C. (e) None of the above. Solution (a) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their membranes. Type I alveolar cells are squamous which gives more surface area to each cell and cover approximately 90–95% of the alveolar surface. Type I cells are involved in the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and blood. These cells are extremely thin.These cells need to be so thin to be readily permeable for enabling an easy gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood..

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The memory cycle times have been much longer than processor cycle times; this speed gap between the memory and the processor means that the processor must wait for memory to respond to an access request. The obvious method of increasing the speed of the memory system is by using a higher speed memory technology. Once the technology is selected, the access speeds can be increased further by different address decoding and access techniques. Described in details at least 3 of them Solution The different techniques are: 1. Banking: The main memory is built out of several physical-memory modules. Each and every module is a memory bank of a certain capacity and consists of a MAR and a MBR. In semiconductor memories, each module corresponds to either a memory IC or a memory board consisting of several memory ICs. The consecutive addresses lie in the same bank. If each bank contains 2n = N words and if there are 2m = M banks in the memor y, then the system MAR would contain n + m bits. 2. Multiport Memories: Multiple memories are available in which each port corresponds to an MAR and an MBR . Independent access to the memory can be made from each port. The memory system resolves the conflicts between the ports on a priority basis. Multiport memories are useful in an environment where more than one device accesses the memory. Examples of such systems are a single-processor system with a direct-memory access (DMA), I =O controller, and a multiprocessor system with more than one CPU. 3.Instruction Buffer: The instruction buffer, Providing a first-in, first-out (FIFO) buffer between the CPU and the primary memory enhances the instruction fetch speed . Instructions from the primary memory are fed into the buffer at one end and the CPU fetches the instructions from the other end. As long as the instruction execution is sequential, the two operations of filling the buffer and fetching from the buffer into CPU can go on simultaneously. But when a jump (conditional or unconditional) instruction is executed, the next instruction to be executed may or may not be in the buffer. The buffer management requires hardware component to manage the queue and mechanisms to identify the address range in the buffer and to freeze and unfreeze the buffer. INTEL 8086 processor uses a 6 -byte long instruction buffer organized as a queue. CDC 6600 uses an instruction buffer that can store eight 60-bit words, that is, 16–32 instructions, since the instructions are either 15- or 30-bits long..

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Suppose you land on a previously unexplored South Pacific island. You find three novel bird species. Two are small, one of these specializing in seed eating, the other in eating grubs and insects. Both show highly camouflaged coloration. The third bird species is substantially larger and is a dedicated predator; this third species specializes in preying on small rodents and the other two bird species. Its coat is brightly colored. Which of the following is the statement about the evolutionary relationships of these three species that we can make with the most confidence? [\"Relationship\" and \"relatedness\" here refers to phylogenetic history. Closely related species descended from the same ancestral species recently. In contrast, more distantly related species last had a common ancestor further in the past A) We cannot draw any conclusions about phylogenetic relationships of these species based on the data given; we would need additional data, like insights into selective history or fossil evidence. b.We cannot draw any conclusions about phylogenetic relationships of these species based on the data given; bird evolution works differently than mammalian evolution. Suppose you are a member of an island population of people that contains about 1000 individuals and that has remained stable in size (with no new immigration) for many dozens of generations. Now suppose you could time travel into the future 300 years (ten generations). Which of the answers below is the best description, first, of the fraction of the future population of the island that are expected to be your descendants (on average) and, second, how closely related you are to those future descendants in comparison to your relatedness to the other contemporary residents of the island? [Note that \"relatedness\" here refers to the specific parameter \"r\" as discussed it in TOPIC 5, that is, \"genetic relatedness\" from the gene\'s perspective.] Most or all of the future residents of the island would be my descendants and I would be more than twice as closely related to them than I am to any randomly chosen member of the contemporary population. Approximately 10% of the future population of the island would be my descendants and I would be roughly 10 times more closely related to them as I am to any randomly chosen member of the contemporary population. Most or all of the future residents of the island would be my descendants and I would be no more closely related to them than I am to any randomly chosen member of the contemporary population. d) Approximately 20% of the future population of the island would be my descendants and I would be roughly 5 times more closely related to them as I am to any randomly chosen member of the contemporary population. A) We cannot draw any conclusions about phylogenetic relationships of these species based on the data given; we would need additional data, like insights into selective history or fossil evidence. b.We cannot draw any conclusions abou.

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State two factors that have contributed to the development of emerging infectious diseases. For either Rabies or Anthrax, provide the following information: 1.Causative agent (e.g., viral, bacterial, parasitic) 2.Symptoms (at least two) 3.Geographic distribution 4.Host factors 5.Responsible vector 6.Potential human hazards 7.A method of control Solution 1. The causative agent of rabies is virus called Rabies virus (RV) or Lyssavirus which is a negative stranded ribonucleic acid virus belonging to rhabdovirus family. The causative agent of Anthrax is a bacillus bacterium called Bacillus anthracis which is a large Gram positive rod shaped aerobic belonging to Rhabdoviridae family. 2. The symptoms of Rabies are initially similar to flu which includes fever, muscle weakness and tingling. Other symptoms include insomnia, anxiety, excess salivation, hydrophobia, problems in swallowing etc. The symptoms of Anthrax are different depending upon the route of infection. The symptoms of cutaneous anthrax are raised itchy bump like insect bite alongwith swelling in the lymph glands and sore. The symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax include nausea,vomiting, headache. loss of appetite, severe bloody diarrhoea, swollen neck etc. The symptoms of pulmonary anthrax include flu like symptoms with shortness of breath, coughing up blood, nausea etc.The symptoms of injection anthrax include redness and swelling of the area of infection, shock,meningitis, multiple organ failure etc. 3. Rabies is present in mammals in most parts of the world. Per year Most of the estimated 55 000 human rabies deaths occur in Africa and Asia. Sporadic cases of Anthrax occur in animals worldwide. However there are occasional outbreaks in Africa, central and southern Asia. 4. Like many rhabdoviruses, Rabies virus has an extremely wide host range. Many mammalian species in the wild has been found infecting , while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from mammals, birds, reptiles and insects. Anthrax is spread from infectious animal products by contact with the spores of the bacteria. Contact is by breathing, eating, or through an area of broken skin. It does not typically spread directly between people. 5. There are three vectors for rabies: c. Tissue transplants (such as corneas) from infected humans. In its infectious form, anthrax is a spore that usually populates the soil but which, in rare cases, can become airborne and inhaled. With cutaneous anthrax, the bacteria infects the host through direct penetration of the host skin. It depends on the death of its host for propagation which is different from many pathogenic organisms. Once the host is dead, its body starts decaying and the bacteria in the bloodstream are exposed to oxygen. These bacteria turn into spores which populate the surrounding soil.. The spores can be eaten up by herbivores or from cutaneous infection. Anthrax does not appear to be transmissable from person to per.

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Practice assembly question need help Given the following array declaration: .data matrix DWORD 50 DUP(10 DUP(?)) If matrix[0][0] is the 0th sequentially stored BYTE in memory, which sequentially stored BYTE is the first byte corresponding to matrix[37][0]? Solution here DWORD 50 DUP(10 DUP(?)) It defines a 50X10 matrix and initializes its element to the value what we give in place of (?) is taken. here 0 is the 0th sequential stored then 37th would be the 37th sequential byte.

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One of the main purposes of a bus system is to allow the exchange of information and/or data between different devices. Describe an activity that you engage in that involves features similar to those of a synchronous bus system and one that involves features similar to those of an asynchronous bus system. Explain in each case how the advantages and features of the bus system apply to the activities that you listed. Solution Advantages of bus system 1) It is easy to set-up and extend to any number of peers 2) Cable length required for this system is the least compared to other networks.so no clogging of wires 3) cheaper compared to other systems 4) Genarally benificial for local area networks 5)Easier maintainence syncronous:When information is sent to a particular host and expects a reply from the host .sender will wait for response for furtur continueed operation asyncronous:Information is sent randomly over the network.all the hosts can access and read it.sender wont wait for responce.

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Most American\'s are immune to the bacterium that causes Leprosy, does that mean that most American\'s are also, immune to TB and Crohn\'s disease? Or are the different strands of myobacterium much more contagious and less easy to fight off? Pathophysiciology Course question Solution 9. Leprosy Transmitted by nasal droplets. Leprosy occurs during close contact with those who are infected 10. TB can spread when patient cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets.

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Looking at the symptoms of SARS is not really enough to diagnose it. The initial symptoms are similar to that of the flu. So, what other factors would have to be used to distinguish it from the flu and other respiratory illnesses? What criteria is used to diagnose SARS? What kinds of tests are needed? Explain. Solution Answer: SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a serious respiratory disease that is contagious. The SARS vrus is basically coronavirus and belongs to the same family of common cold virus. The symptoms of SARS are similar to those of flu and the patient go on to develop pneumonia in most cases. SARS is very rare and the only way to diagnose SARS is whether or not the patient got exposed to the SARS virus. Criteria to diagnose SARS quickly: 1. Direct isolation and identification of the SARS virus 2. PCR of the virus with specific primers (Detection of SARS-CoV in samples such as blood) 3. Antibody tests for the virus (ELISA and Immunofluorescence assay for the SARS virus) Other laboratory tests include: 1. Blood clotting test 2. Blood chemistry test 3. Chest X-ray 4. Arterial blood tests.

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Jurisdiction can be described as a. the study of law. b. court cases involving the U.S. Constitution or a federal statute. c. the authority of a court to hear and decide a particular type of case. d. the burden of proof. Rachel works for the Internal Revenue Service, and keeps some personal information on her computer at work. There has been suspicion that Rachel has not been keeping tax return information confidential. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures, protects Rachel from having the government review the personal information she has on her computer. True False Under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act a .only the unauthorized interception of e-mail messages by the government or an ISP constitutes a violation. b. violators may be subject to civil, but not criminal, penalties. c. only the unauthorized disclosure of e-mail messages constitutes a violation. d. violators are subject to both criminal and civil penalties. Solution Jurisdiction can be describes as C) The authority of court to hear and decide a particular type of case. b) The answer is False C) Under the electronic Communication Privacy Act Violators are subject to both criminal and civil penalties.

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I need help understanding how this linked list set method works in java, * Set value stored at location i to object o, returning old value. * * @pre 0 <= i < size() * @post sets ith entry of list to value o, returns old value * @param i location of entry to be changed. * @param o new value * @return former value of ith entry of list. */ public E set(int i, E o) { if (i >= size()) return null; Node finger = head; // search for ith element or end of list while (i > 0) { finger = finger.next(); i--; } // get old value, update new value E result = finger.value(); finger.setValue(o); return result; Solution Hi friend, Please go through comment, you can uderstand logic of set method. public E set(int i, E o) { // if given position number (i) is greater than current size of list, // then you can not set, because this is not valid position, so return null if (i >= size()) return null; Node finger = head; // initializing finger with head node of list // search for ith element or end of list while (i > 0) // traverse until we not hit ith node in list { finger = finger.next(); i--; } // now after above while loop, finger points ith node in list // get old value, update new value E result = finger.value(); // getting old value of ith node finger.setValue(o); // setting new value in ith node return result; }.

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How does friction heating effect pressure drop? Solution Heat transfer is not the consequence (or effect) of pressure drop. In the absence of a temperature gradient, it is possible to have pressure drop in a flow without heat transfer. Similarly, in unconfined convection over an external surface (imagine flow over a hot flat plate or for more simplicity, an aircraft flying at altitude), it is possible to have heat transfer without a pressure drop. (The pressures in front of the aircraft as well as behind the aircraft are the same!) Both pressure drop and heat transfer are consequences of a velocity gradient. For real fluids, a velocity gradient produces a shear force which is overcome by a sacrifice of fluid pressure (as in pipe flow). On the other hand, a velocity gradient gives rise to convective diffusion. In general, heat transfer is the desired effect while pressure drop is how we pay for that effect.This relationship is simply and beautifully brought out by the simplest of all analogies, the Reynolds Analogy. The friction factor fand the Conburn \'j\' factor are related as f/j 2. In other words, f can never be less than 2 x j.h and f which are convection and friction factor parameters ..

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HELP!!! Ive looked up online cut cant seem to find this answer. Use any resources available on the internet to explain the difference between the NRC I and NRC II reports? Solution Answer: NRC :National Resource Council National Resource Council is first organised in 1916 by National academy of sciences. NRC deals with criminal cases using DNA testing. In 1992, NRC-I report was issue about DNA testing known as \"DNA Technology in Forensic Science\".NRC-I deals with the DNA testing using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). In 1996, NRC-II report was issued known as \"The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence\". NRC-II deals with DNA testing using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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