The document discusses various programming design tools including HIPO charts, pseudocode, and flowcharts. It provides details on each tool, such as how HIPO charts can be used to clarify problem definitions and analyze inputs, processes, and outputs. The document also includes an example of developing a basic HIPO chart for a problem involving adding two numbers. Guidelines are provided for effectively using HIPO charts to solve problems by starting with defining outputs, then identifying inputs and processes to transform inputs to outputs.

1. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Programming Design Tools

2. At the programming level, the following
tools help in designing programs:
•HIPO Chart
•Pseudocode
•Flowchart
Program Development Tools
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

3. Program Development Tools
HIPO Chart - Hierarchical Input-Process-Output
• A tool used for Problem Definition and Problem Analysis
• Helps clarify ambiguous portions of the specifications
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

4. Program Development Tools
Pseudocode
•Describes the logical flow of the solution to the problem
through English-like code that closely resembles the actual
programming language to be used.
•There are no rigid syntax rules in pseudocode. More
emphasis is placed in the logic of the solution rather than
the syntax of the language.
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

5. Program Development Tools
Flowchart
•Is used to graphically present the solution to a problem. It
uses flowcharting symbols linked together in a “flow” that
will arrive at the solution.
•Among the tools, it is the easiest to understand because of
it is visual appeal. However, the chart can get very cluttered
and disorganized when working on complex problems.
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

6. Program Development Tools - HIPO
The HIPO Chart will be used throughout the course as the
tool for problem definition and analysis.
To derive a HIPO Chart, questions such as these may be
asked:
•What are the outputs required?
•What are the inputs needed to produce the outputs?
•What are the processes needed to transform the inputs to
the desired outputs?
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

7. Simple Adding Problem
Given 2 numbers, print the sum of the 2 numbers
Using HIPO,
1. Define the outputs needed
INPUT
Sum of First
Number and
Second
Number
PROCESS OUTPUT
Program Development Tools - HIPO
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

8. 2. What inputs are provided? What other inputs are
needed to produce the output?
INPUT
Sum of First
Number and
Second Number
PROCESS OUTPUT
First Number
and Second
Number
Program Development Tools - HIPO
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

9. Program Development Tools - HIPO
3. What processes are needed to transform the
inputs to the desired outputs?
INPUT
Sum of First
Number and
Second Number
PROCESS OUTPUT
First Number
and Second
Number
1.Get First Number
2.Add Second
Number to First
Number
3.Print out the sum
of the two numbers
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

10. Program Development Tools - HIPO
Guidelines in developing the HIPO
•Outputs should be determined first before inputs or
processes. This establishes the objective and scope of the
solution. Limit the outputs to those that are required in the
specifications.
•Outputs are easy to identify because they usually follow
verbs like “display”, “print” or “generate”.
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

11. Program Development Tools - HIPO
Guidelines in developing the HIPO
Inputs are also given in the specifications. In simple
problems, the inputs clearly lead to the outputs. In
complex problems, this may not be visible outright, but
on further refinement of the solution.
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

12. Program Development Tools - HIPO
Guidelines in developing the HIPO
•Processes contain the actions taken to transform the
inputs to outputs. This can be stated in English and do not
have to conform to any programming language.
•Actions on processes are executed sequentially, e.g.,
from top to bottom. Numbering the steps signify the
order of execution.
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

13. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
Problem:
•Given 3 whole numbers, print out the average of the 3
numbers.
•Create a HIPO chart that would show your solution to
the problem.
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

14. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
Problem Definition
•Is the problem clear?
•Are the outputs clearly defined?
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

15. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
Problem Analysis using HIPO
Level 0 – Main HIPO
INPUT
Average of the 3
numbers
PROCESS OUTPUT
First Number,
Second Number,
Third Number
1.Compute the sum
of the 3 numbers
2.Compute the
average based on
the sum
3.Print the average
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

16. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
Level 1 - HIPO
Process 1 – Compute the sum of the 3 numbers
Sum of the 3
numbers
First Number,
Second Number,
Third Number
1.1 Get the 1st
number 1.2 Get 2nd
number and add to
the 1st number 1.3
Get 3rd number
and add to the sum
in P1.2
Process 1 INPUT PROCESS 1 Process 1 OUTPUT
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

17. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
Level 1 HIPO
Process 2 – Compute the average based
on the sum
Average of the 3
numbers
Sum of the 3
numbers 2.1 Divide the
sum by 3
Process 2 INPUT PROCESS 2 Process 2 OUTPUT
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

18. Level 1 HIPO
Process 3 – Print the average
Printed Average
of the 3 numbers
Average of the 3
numbers 3.1 Print the
average
Process 3 INPUT PROCESS 3 Process 3 OUTPUT
Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

19. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1
The HIPO in
summary
1st number,
2nd number,
3rd number
INPUT
Main
Process 1-
compute the sum
Process 2 – compute
the average
Process 3 – Print
the Average
Printed Average
of the 3 Numbers
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

20. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.2
Problem:
•A list contains names of students. Count how many
times the name “Ana” appears in the list.
•Create a HIPO chart that would show your solution to
the problem
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

21. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.3
Problem:
•A box contains balls with different colors. Count the
number of balls per color and display the total of all
colors.
•Create a HIPO chart that would show the solution to
the problem
Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. GuirreProperty of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools