WAL-MART Essay

WAL-MART Essay
Over the last few years the cost declines of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology,
combined with improvements in sensitivity, range and durability, have enabled widespread RFID
use in the logistical planning and operation segments of supply chain management processes.
Specifically, areas such as security and access control, tracking, and monitoring/management will
strategically be enhanced from the use of this technology. An RFID tag consists of a microchip and
an antenna, often in the form of a tiny ribbon that can in turn be packaged into many forms, such as
a label, or imbedded in between the cardboard layers in a carton. On the microchip is stored
information about the product that the tag is affixed to, which can then be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In turn, these products are then shipped to individual stores. Being the world's largest company in
terms of revenue, Wal–Mart changed the strategic foundation of many companies in one such
decision.
There are four main aspects of strategic impact from this decision by Wal–Mart. They are, in no
particular order: volume and cost, supply chain extensions (upstream), innovation and supply chain
extensions (downstream). Looking from the volume and cost perspectives, the economies of scale of
RFID manufacture will drastically change due to Wal–Mart's move. As of now, the annual volume
of RFID tag shipments from top 100 suppliers is estimated at 1 billion tags. With Wal–Mart being
such a powerful company that sets standards for manufacturers, their entrance into this new market
will result in other companies benchmarking their behavior, which in turn, will result in a
significantly lower price per tag. Current average cost per tag ranges between 25 to 50 cents. With
Wal–Mart's entrance, analysts are expecting the price per tag to drop towards the 5 cent range,
which will consequently allow the expansion of RFID technology into new markets.
In terms of upstream supply chain management extensions, by Wal–Mart requiring its suppliers to
use RFID in its end product packaging, there
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Effective Dynamic Multilevel Bandwidth Allocation Scheme...
I would like to present a brief Proposal marked by Efficient Dynamic Multilevel Bandwidth
Allocation Scheme for FiWi Networks Student ID : I201521020 Student Name:Naseer Hwaidi
Abed. Supervisor: 苏钢 / Gang SU Major : Information & Communication Table of Contents 1.
Problem Definition 2. Limitations of Existing Methods 3. Proposed Solution/Abstract 4.
Methodology 5. Aims and Objectives 6. Introduction of FiWi and Related Works 7. Hardware and
Software Platform 8. Research Schedule 9. References 1. Problem Definition FiWi (Fiber–Wireless)
networks are designed using the wireless networks such as WLANs and fiber networks like PONs
(Passive Optical Networks). Therefore FiWi networks having advantages of both users mobility
support as well as high bandwidth. But the major problem with this networks is as the number of
mobile user's increases, queueing delay is increasing in FiWi's Optical Network Unit (ONU). There
are number of methods recently proposed for minimizing this queueing delay for bandwidth
allocation. However, this methods are only working on PONs and WLANs and hence not
considering the state of ONU. Therefore performance of FiWi networks is poor in terms of
throughput and queuing delay. For any kind of FiWi networks improving its performance in terms of
throughput is very vital. This can be possible by presenting the efficient queueing delay
minimization method for FiWi networks. This is main research problem for this domain. 2.

Application And Migration Of Sdn
Software Defined Networking: Google 's 'B4 ' SDN
Dhruv Bhatia
Illinois Tech dbhatia4@hawk.iit.edu ABSTRACT
Software Defined Networking or SDN is an emerging paradigm in the computer networking world
that attempts to build a computer network by essentially separating it into two systems, the control
plane and the data plane. The separation effectively makes it possible to write a single high level
program to control the behavior of an entire network. This allows a network operator to potentially
write programs to more easily secure, manage or troubleshoot the networks. SDN has gained
tremendous momentum and six of the world 's largest networks are supporting it, Google 's 'B4 '
network being one of them. In this paper, I highlight the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These traffic patterns would cause very high demands for a particular resources that they could not
meet with the existing network infrastructure. So they had two choices, either scale the network
infrastructure to meet the peaks, which is very expensive and leading to networks being under–
utilized, or you build your network in such a way that it can reconfigure itself automatically to cope
with those peaks and channel the resources to meet the appropriate demand. This is what SDN does.
There are only a few significant implementations of Software Defined Networking that exists today.
One of those few is Google 's B4 SDN. This research further describes the framework that Google
has developed for their migration methods personified by a group of target networks which includes
the traditional network migration requirements, target network core requirement, phased migration
requirement and finally validation requirements to ensure a complete and successful network
migration to SDN.
2. Client–Server Connection in SDN
A software defined network attempts to build a computer network by separating it into two systems.
The first system is the control plane which provides performance and fault management via
NetFlow, IPFIX, SNMP and other standard protocols. It typically handles configuration
management of the SDN compliant devices and understands the network topology. Loaded with
these

Case Study Ups
Case Study Questions
1. What are UPS "Smart Labels?" What role do they play in UPS operations?
The UPS Smart Label is a computer–generated shipping label that you can create using your
personal computer. One of the key elements of the smart label is the barcode.
The information contained in a smart–label barcode can benefit you significantly. Among these, a
UPS Smart Label provides you with the following: Increased reliability, since the barcode contains
data imported directly from your system,
Improved transit time, because smart–label packages pass through UPS systems at top speed and
Access to value–added services reserved for packages with UPS Smart Labels
2. Write out the steps a package takes from pick–up by a UPS driver to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They did this analysis and examination with the idea of finding ways to leverage the growing
technology and connectivity of the Internet in order to build entirely new subsidiaries of UPS. In the
process, they found several gold mines. With additional investment in information technology (at
the rate of more than $1 billion USD per year), they were able to transform a very sizable company
in record time. Investment in technology has produced a two–way street of loyalty. One, they 've
shown loyalty to customers by creating a range of open, non–proprietary electronic commerce
services. Customers have reciprocated in a big way. Those who are connected electronically, tend to
increase their shipping volume by 10 to 20 percent. Of course, in addition to trying to connect
customers in the digital world, there are many other ways for all to show loyalty to customers. The
information system at UPS help solve the need to meet high customer expectations, the need to keep
customers from going to the competition, and the need to lower costs by optimizing operations such
as delivery. If the IT system was not available UPS might not be able to compete effectively an
higher prices will engage for attempts on providing information to customers.
Such unforeseen benefits lead to a total return on IT investment that exceeds the sum of the return
on investments of individual projects–a

Icd Inland Container Depots
ICD as the concept: 1
In recent times, global trade, in line with it the Indian foreign trade has grown phenomenally both in
terms of volume and complexities. Infrastructure needs and innovative methods in logistics
management are growing hand in hand with the International trade needs. Ports these days mainly
act as gateways and cater to the hinterlands of India which are now serviced by the advent of ICDs.
ICDs thus generate business opportunities, general employment and global competitiveness of the
local industry.
Need for ICDs
Ports and harbors, due to inherent structural and procedural constraints, cannot accommodate the
increased traffic in containerized cargo. Such increase in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This necessitates routing through a notified Customs clearance facility like an ICD or CFS. Customs
clearances need container storage and warehousing space for inspection / consolidation /
deconsolidation / stuffing / de–stuffing of containers depending on the nature of the activity, exports
or imports. Earlier such activities were carried out within the port area itself. The space in all major
ports is at a premium and its utilization worldwide is primarily shifting towards loading / unloading
of vessels in shortest possible time. 3
Therefore the trend has shifted to CFS clearances as it is imperative that customs activities be
carried outside the port area. The ports of Mumbai, JNPT, air terminal are all situated in the prime

Using A Virtual Private Network
VPNs
By
Samantha Fitzpatrick
Prepared for
Dr. Ford
30 April 2015 Introduction There is a growing need to connect to internal networks from locations
other than the regular and secure office. Employers and organizations need to realize that employees
often need to connect to internal private networks from home, hotels, airports, etc. A solution for this
problem is using a virtual private network (VPN), which is a network that uses public network
paths, but maintains the security and protection of private networks. Secure communication is
expensive, but VPNs allow organizations to have a number of discrete communication services for a
large amount of clients. It is cheaper to have a copious amount of virtual networks on a couple
physical devices than having a copious amount of physically discrete devices accomplishing the
same objective.
Methodology
VPNs transmit data through secure tunneling. A packet is first encapsulated in a new packet with a
new header and then sent through the tunnel, which is normally IPSec, L2TP, PPTP, or SSL. Both
points of the tunnel need to support the protocol used. To provide access to the internet, the packet
with a private IP address can be sent inside of a packet with a global IP address. For security, VPNs
use encryption to make sure packets are indecipherable without the proper keys, which provides
data confidentiality. They also provide data integrity using a message digest to ensure the
information has not been tampered with

The Hog Problem Case Study: Integrated Logistics Essay
The Hog Problem: Integrated Logistics Executive Summary The hog slaughtering plant located in
Brendon, Manitoba has the capacity to slaughter 2.5 million hogs per year, around 50,000 per week
and 10,000 per day. Hogs arrive at the slaughter plant from all over Manitoba and certain parts of
Saskatchewan via truck. Every farm is located within a different distance from the slaughter facility
and delivery lead times vary from as low as half an hour to as high as three and a half hours. Farms
vary in size, which impacts the lot sizes for each respective farm. This variation in size subsequently
affects the loading/unloading time span, which vary from one and half hour to four and half hours.
The number of farms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These waiting times severely delay trucks and thus increase the cost of transportation and extend the
lead times. Moreover, the trucks inefficient utilization have negative affects on the fixed cost of
owned vehicles. Dependency on Farmers Delivery Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term
Approximately 25% of the shipments to the plant arrive in farmer–owned trucks. These shipments
vary in size from 50 to 200 hogs. The farmer's scheduled delivery affects the overall hogs supply,
and the plant is heavily dependent on the farmers schedule accuracy. Lead Time Fluctuation Nature:
Tactical Timing: Short Term Lead time varies significantly, which affects the inventory cycle. The
plant has to set a safety stock that will protect the production against stock outs, vehicle
breakdowns, weather related delays and the shortage of supply from farmers and hogs barns. PART
2– ENVIRONMENTAL AND ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS The hog slaughtering plant located in
Brendon, Manitoba has the capacity to slaughter 2.5 million hogs per year, around 50,000 per week
and 10,000 per day. Hogs arrive at the slaughter plant from all over Manitoba and certain parts of
Saskatchewan by trucks. Every farm is located within a different distance from the slaughter facility
and delivery lead times vary from as low as half an hour to as high as three and a half hours. Farms
vary in size, which impacts the lot sizes for each respective farm.

Bus and Supply Chain
Table of Contents
Business Analysis 3
About InnoBus 3
Mission and strategy 3
Structure 3
The competitive situation of InnoBus in the trade environment 4
SWOT Analysis 4
5–Forces Model by Porter 6
The Unique Selling Proposition of InnoBus 7
Competitors of InnoBus 7
The Stakeholders of InnoBus 8
The Legal Aspects 8
The International Trade Environment 8
The competitive advantage of InnoBus 9
The logistic process at InnoBus 9
The Process 9
Time–to–market 10
Planning and Master Production Schedule 11
The position of InnoBus in the supply chain 11
Current problems and risks of InnoBus 14
Global Description 14
Financial Position and Possible Bankruptcy 14
Drop in Market Demand 14
Conservatism with possible Customers 14
Fierce Competition 15 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, InnoBus is approached by vendors for the supply of the less critical components. We think
that if Innobus would have a better look at their offerings concerning the supply of the less critical
components, they maybe able to save money.
Opportunities
Expand internationally
If Innobus finds a new market their sales will increase and improve their financial position.

Creating more equity
An opportunity for creating more equity is by attracting another company to do business with them.
Innobus can also issue more shares and apply for an extra bank loan (which they already do).
Improve SCM
Improving their supply chain management is of great relevance, the bottle–necks in the supply chain
should be solved because InnoBus can lose customers by not delivering on time. Furthermore, Jan
de Koning wants to produce 15 buses per week with the same workforce this is possible by
relocation and restructuring of the production processes, but this costs money and unfortunately they
don not have the money yet.
Improve HRM
InnoBus can make sure that they take care of their employees and reduce their complaints. If the
employees feel more comfortable with their job, they will be more motivated and satisfied with their
job. In the end this will also increase their productivity. Focus on R&D activities.
Advanced

Virtual Network Architecture For Cloud Computing Essay
Sangeeta Wankhade, Dipti Patil Information Technology, Mumbai University Pillai Institute Of
Information Technology Mumbai, India sangeeta.wankhade@vpt.edu.in, dpatil@mes.ac.in  Green
Virtual Networks for Cloud Computing Abstract– Information and communication technology (ICT)
profoundly impact on environment because of its large amount of CO2 emissions. In the past years,
the research field of "green" and low power consumption is of great importance for both
service/network providers and equipment manufacturers. An emerging technology called cloud
computing can increase the utilization and efficiency of hardware equipment. It can potentially
reduce the global CO2 emission. In this paper, we propose a virtual network architecture for cloud
computing. In this paper Modified best fit decreasing algorithm (MBFD) is discuss for reduce the
energy consumption . This paper presents a methodology for power and energy reduction in general
purpose microprocessors, which is known as dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS). The
DVFS technique can be considered as an effective mechanism for reducing processor power and
energy. In the last decade a lot of works have been done during the hardware and software
implementation. In this paper a proposed control loop of DVFS technique has been introduced. The
objective is to build a "green" virtual network in cloud computing. Keywords– Cloud computing,
Virtualization, DVFS, PABFD INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is an evolving technology

Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the School...
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Oxford dictionary (2014) defines a route as a path for getting to a certain destination from a
start off point. The world is a global market and the journey of continuous expansion is on the rise.
The demand for goods and services span from within immediate environments but also transcend
cities, borders and continents. Logistics and transportation is a crucially important part of the
manufacturing process, however the focus of this report is not on the supply chain from
manufacturer to consumer but focuses on the management of logistics and transportation under the
School Bus routing Problem. Logistics Management can be defined as the process of planning,
control and application of an operational and cost conscious ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The SBRP however belongs to a larger class dubbed the Vehicle routing Problem (VRP).
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) can be defined as a logistics problem that involves the design
of best possible routes for the pickup and delivery of students from a start off point to a destination,
where each student is dispersed over a large area. (Laporte, 1992)
There are various problems associated with the VRP, these problems include; Capacitated VRP, VRP
with Time windows and VRP with pickup and delivery to name a few. The Vehicle routing problem
has several variations. Some of these variations are;
– School Bus Routing Problem (SBRP)
– Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)
– Capacitated VRP (CVRP) (Toth and Vigo, 2002).
The SBRP has been dealt extensively in various literature, although approaching the problem in
different ways.
Newton and Thomas (1974) where one of the first authors to tackle the SBRP, however their theory
strongly supported the concept of a homogeneous fleet of vehicles.
Preparation of data, selection of bus stops, generating bus route, adjusting the school bell time and
scheduling the route was applied in a paper where the above listed items were treated separately and
then addressed in that particular order (Desrosiers et al., 1981). As

Eco-Trans Case Study
ECO–Trans Case Study: Project Planning and Execution
Darlene Ames
SNHU QSO 640 ECO–Trans Case Study: Project Planning and Execution
Project Planning
Introduction
ECO–Trans is a European company that provides "driver assist" technology for trains, buses, and
other mass transit vehicles. Installation of the company's product that is known as ECO–Stream
offers a company various advantages that includes routing, scheduling as well as advice on
operations and techniques (Mindedge, 2014). Sunshine Rail Transit (SRT) has contracted ECO–
Trans to install ECO–Stream on its fleet of 53 locomotives. Astrid Varga is the project manager in
charge of implementation of the project at ECO–Trans, and therefore will oversee the
implementation of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second demo is important because it helps to bring the company staff on board so that they can
embrace every stage of the project. They will therefore be supportive of the project hence conflicts
like conflicts with SRT locomotive engineers, mechanical engineers, and transport operators will be
minimized.
Part B: Subject Matter Experts
Subject matter experts (SME) provide all "technical and management details" during the project
charter creation process (Project Management Institute, 2013, p. 71). SMEs will be able to aid the
project manager with launching the project and develop the project's business strategy. They can
perform project tasks based on their current expertise and allow the project manager to spend more
time on competencies such as communication planning. Another business requirement is the timely
delivery of quality modules and equipment by the suppliers. The main task of the project team is to
install the modules and equipment on the trains. It is therefore essential that the products are
procured in good time. It is the task of ECO–Trans to ensure that quality equipment is delivered in
time for the completion of the project. The delivered components should be inspected for quality at
the time of delivery to ensure they match the client's quality needs and recommendations (Burke,
2013). Any defective components should be noted and returned to the supplier. This would help

Logistics: Defining Reverse Transformation Case Study At...
Reverse Logistics
Defining Reverse Logistics
Logistics management is that part of the supply chain that plans, implements, and controls the
efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information
between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer requirements.
As you rightly noted Logistics have two parts, Forward Logistics and Reverse Logistics. As our
focus is going to be on Reverse Logistics, let us look at the definition of Reverse Logistics. "Reverse
Logistics is the movement of products, materials and information in the opposite direction for the
purpose of creating or recapturing value, or for proper disposal (Rogers and Tibben–Lembke, 1999,
2001)"
As some researchers have pointed out, reverse logistics is "not necessarily a symmetric picture of
forward distribution".
Here is a summary of the differences between the two direction of the flow. Forward Logistics
Reverse Logistics
1 Forecasting is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Cisco its Recovering Cisco's products back from Customer/ Distributor, and redeploying them
in the way that brings the best value to Cisco and creating a consistent, scalable, global end–to–end
process and system for inbound logistics and receiving through disposition and fulfilment.
Cisco's prime vision was to "Deliver a globally consistent, scalable, world class, end–to–end
business solution by unlocking value from Product Returns aiming to Optimize net cash
contribution, Reduce transaction cost, Improve customer satisfaction, and Promote corporate
citizenship". And major drivers for this vision were following points;
Lower Product Return Rate after booking
Brand Protection / Gray Market Risk
Value Recovery Opportunities
Building new Customer

Hospitals And Integrated Delivery Networks
Hospitals and Integrated Delivery Networks
NEED A TITLE
Co–authored by Jason Henry and Sharon Higgs
?2016. FedEx. All rights reserved.
Introduction
While adapting and complying with costly changes in regulations as well as increases in operating
costs, hospitals have managed to remain profitable. This is due primarily through Medicare,
Medicaid, and private insurance reimbursements for services rendered. However, new health care
reform initiatives reduce percentage of these reimbursements, especially for hospital inpatient
services. Less reimbursements coupled with costly phased rolled–out regulatory requirements is
forcing some hospitals out of business.
To stay afloat, hospital executives are looking at the second largest expense after labor; supply chain
management. Executives are examining their business models and recognizing the need to scrutinize
supply chain management practices, which represents nearly half of its operating expense. Relying
on Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) and third party providers (3PLs) to negotiate contracts
with suppliers to manage supply chain order fulfillment and transportation.
This white paper focuses on how hospitals and Integrated Delivery Networks (IDNs) can manage
their inbound supply chain to reduce unnecessary costs and increase efficiencies to significantly
improve their profit margins.
Evolving Trends
Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) grew in popularity between

Business Research : Qantas And Emirates
University of New South Wales
Marketing Research
AVIA2501 – Individual Assigement
Yuen HIu Yeung Dominic (3486765)
2015/4/7
Content
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. IMPACT ON QANTAS AND EMIRATES 4
2.1 ROUTING AND FLEET OF QANTAS AND EMIRATES 4
2.2 MEMBERSHIP / ALLIANCE 5
2.3 NUMBER OF PASSENGER FLYING TO AND FROM EUROPE 5
2.4 REVENUE OF QANTAS AND EMIRATES 6
2.5 QANTAS VS EMIRATES 6
3. IMPACT ON THE MARKET BETWEEN AUSTRALIAAND EUROPE 8
3.1 IMPACT ON OTHER AIRLINES (INDIRECT ROUTING) 8
3.2 IMPACT ON OTHER AIRLINES (DIRECT ROUTING) 9
3.3 VIRGIN AUSTRALIA – ETIHAD AIRWAYS 9
4. CONCLUSION 10
5. References 11
1. INTRODUCTION
On April 2013, it is a milestone for Qantas airways in its history that Qantas ended their ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. IMPACT ON QANTAS AND EMIRATES After activating the agreement with Emirates, Qantas
did expand a lot on its international network. Under the agreement, Qantas and Emirates are going
to coordinate their operations such as planning, scheduling and operating their capacity, etc.(ACCC,
2012)
2.1 ROUTING AND FLEET OF QANTAS AND EMIRATES In the past, Qantas had just offered 45
weekly services to Singapore and 5 one–stop service to Europe.(Flynn, 2012) For now, with the
partnership, they offer 98 weekly services from 5 main cities in Australia which are Sydney,

Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane and Adelaide to Dubai International Airport. Then, passenger can
connect to over 40 destinations in Europe and also 86 destinations in Middle East and Africa.
(Qantas, 2015a) From the right hand side, we can see the network between two countries. The first
figure shows after changing to a new hub, the routing from Australia to Dubai and the following
connecting routing. And the second one show after flying from Dubai to London, passengers can
continue their journey to different cities in Europe. Beside of increasing the route, the fleet of
Qantas has been also well organized. To enhance the flying experience for passenger, Qantas now
operate a daily service from Australia to London Heathrow by using the largest passenger aircraft
airbus A380. On the other hand Emirates also operate the extended ranged Boeing B777 to fly from
Dubai to

Outsourcing At Federal Express: The Components Of Reverse...
Introduction
Most of us think of logistics as a one–way street. Products are manufactured, packaged, stored in a
warehouse, sold, and then shipped off to the customer ... end of story. Yet for many logistics
managers today, that's not the end of the story. In addition to managing outbound goods, they also
are responsible for reverse logistics––the flow of returned goods and packaging, including customer
service and final disposition of returned items.
The need to manage waste materials and returned goods is growing in all kinds of industries. Today,
companies like Xerox, Mobil, Home Depot, and Ethan Allen Furniture – to name just a few – have
recycling programs that meet the needs of their individual industries. There are many ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A solution for many companies that have limited resources for reverse logistics is outsourcing that
function to third parties or transportation companies. It's up to the shipper, though, to examine the
cost and service benefits, then decide how much of the process should be outsourced. "As with any
outsourcing decision, it's a matter of being able to focus on your core competencies and freeing up
your people to work on products rather than expend your assets on [reverse logistics]," suggests
Brett Chyatte, senior marketing specialist for reverse logistics at Federal Express. Components
The primary components of the reverse–logistics operation are retrieval, transportation, and
disposition. The retrieval stage deals with where the waste or products should be picked up and by
whom. Much depends on the nature of the item being returned; if it's clothing, for example, a carrier
can handle all of the pickup and documentation tasks at the consumer's door.
If, on the other hand, the items are oversized, heavy, hazardous, or very delicate, special training
may be necessary for both customers and carriers. Burnham, for example, dismantles photocopiers
for several customers that sell or lease the reconditioned machines. Drivers are trained to remove
internal components that could cause damage in transit, protect glass, secure all moving

Information Technology And Its Impact On The Security
1. INTRODUCTION
Present era is a "technological era". Technological revolution is an inevitable concept that has
brought drastic changes in the concept of communication, networking, IT etc. Information
technology is growing at an alarming rate day by day. Corporate sectors, businesses tend to use
complex technological and network environments. MANET is one such variant for technological
revolution which is in a strong pace to gain popularity as they provide wireless connectivity
irrespective of their geographic position. Apart from this there are numerous other privileges
provided by this adhoc networking that has acted as a boon in the field of networking.
Security is a crucial parameter that needs to be enforced in mobile adhoc networking so as to ensure
proper functioning of the network. Security in Mobile Ad–Hoc Network is of utmost importance.
The success of MANET entirely depends on whether its security can be trusted and is reliable.
However, the characteristics of MANET pose both challenges and opportunities in achieving the
security goals, such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, access control, and non–
repudiation. One can achieve confidentiality, availability of network services and integrity of data
only, when it is ensured that all the security issues have been met. Although various efforts have
been laid down by the network administrators to secure the computing environments, still there exist
some loopholes that act as a bridge for

Virtual Network : Virtual Private Network Essay
Today, the technology VPN (Virtual Private Network) has established strong recognition among IT
people and every administrator is committed to organize VPN–channels for employees working
outside the office. Virtual Private Network is an association of individual machines, or virtual LAN
network, which ensures the integrity and security of data transmitting. It has the properties of a
dedicated private network and allows data transfer between two computers via an intermediate
network such as Internet. VPN has a number of economic advantages over other methods of remote
access. Firstly, users can access the corporate network, without installing with its switched
connection, thus eliminating the need to use modems. Secondly, there is no need for the leased line,
which helps to reduce a cost. The main reason that companies use secure VPN, is that they want to
send "sensitive" and / or confidential information over the Internet, without fear that someone will
be able to intercept and read the transmitted data. Providers implementing technology trusted VPN,
interested in transferring data at a pre–specified routes through a network of one or more trusted
providers. Differences between trusted and secure VPN stand at the stage of defining requirements
to the network. Secure VPN guarantee the confidentiality of information transmitted, but not
responsible for the transmission routes. Trusted VPN provides the necessary routing and delivery
time, maintaining the required level of

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
MANET–" A mobile ad–hoc network is a self–configuring infrastructure less network of mobile
devices connected by wireless.". Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any
direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. Each must forward traffic
unrelated to its own use, and therefore be a router. The primary challenge in building a MANET is
equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic.
A routing protocol is required to find routes between nodes within the network. We are presenting
two different routing protocols and their evaluation and then provide a comparison and discussion of
their respective advantages and drawbacks. ABR (Associativity Based Routing) and RSR (Robust
Source Routing) protocol. In ABR protocol, a route is selected based on nodes having associativity
states that imply periods of stability. The ABR protocol is suitable for mobility in ad hoc wireless
networks. Whereas the RSR is secure, on–demand, multi –path, source routing protocol. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
INTRODUCTION
The ABR is a source–initiated routing protocol. In ABR a route is selected based on the degree of
stability associated with mobile nodes. Association stability is defined by connection stability of one
node with respect to another node over time and space. Each node generates a beacon to signify its
existence. When received by neighboring nodes, the beacon causes their associativity tables to be
updated. The route discovery is accomplished by a Broadcast Query– Reply (BQ–REPLY) cycle.
When a discovered route is no longer desired, the source node initiates a Route Delete broadcast so
that all the nodes along the route update their routing tables.
II. NETWORK

This work involves part of a complex real-world logistical...
This work involves part of a complex real–world logistical problem faced by a company operating
on public and private investments whose main objective is the commercialization of its product in
the domestic market.
The study's fundamental practical contribution is solving the real–world problem presented,
allowing an improved supply chain through one of its two main activities, the logistics, by
combining strategic and tactical decisions. The real–world problem is the partitioning of customers
into certain groups and planning visits to these customers over a given time horizon (strategic
decisions) and the construction of efficient routes by which to visit the customers (tactical
decisions). Theoretically, this problem contains the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper summarizes the methodology for solving this problem, divided into phases. Its main
contribution is the model and solution of the second phase: the problem of scheduling visits to
customers. We have designed an experiment to validate the proposed solution method using
information drawn from the real–world problem and have adapted relevant instances from the
literature.
The structure of the real–world problem is as follows. The company has a set of points of sale for a
product that must be visited every month at a frequency determined by its sales volume by one of
the nine company trucks travelling from a central depot to which they must return after their
journey. Each customer must always be visited by the same truck. Some customers are visited on the
same day by the same truck, as happens when at least one customer associated with a headquarters
customer is visited. There are four types of visit frequency, each depending on the customer's sales
volume: weekly (1 day per week, the same always, for example on Tuesday), Biweekly (two visits
per week, which must be Monday and Thursday or Tuesday and Friday), Bimonthly (2 times a
month, first and third week or second and fourth weeks, but always the same day of the week, for
example, always Monday) and Monthly (once a month). The trucks are available from Monday to
Friday. A month is considered to be 4 weeks with 20 days of delivery.
The length of the truck's stay with the customers is not constant and does not

Cmgt/430 Enterprise Security
Securing Enterprise Systems Controlling Access Controlling Access These days, people in the
information technology world and in corporate are discussing facility of organization data and
access on its website. For organization that gets it right, data will be able to release new
organizational capabilities and value. Another topic in the technology world is Cloud computing.
Cloud computing entrusts remote services with a user 's data, software, and computation. Cloud
companies are already ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the use of remote access solution to balance the need for mobile access and user productivity is
one way to keep corporate resources secure. The Portal app for iOS and Android devices simplifies
secure mobile access to Riordan web applications that reside behind the access policy manager and
Gateway. With the Portal applications, employees can access internal web pages and web
applications fast. The Portal, along with customers' existing Gateway, and access policy manager
deployments, provides access to internal web applications such as Riordan intranet sites. This portal
access provides a launch pad that IT department use to allow mobile access to precise web
resources, without exposing full network access from unknown devices. Riordan employees can
sync their e–mail, calendar, and contacts directly to the company Microsoft Exchange Server. This
also permits IT department to award secure mobile access to web–based resources. Riordan allows
mobile access to its organizational system users through the use of trusted device and network
access from a mobile device. Then the client application offers the Portal features plus the ability to
create an encrypt VPN tunnel to the corporate network. The client application offers network access
connection to Riordan resources from an iOS or Android device a complete VPN solution. With
VPN access, mobile users may

The Transportation Future Of Jackson Hole And Its...
The Transportation Future of Jackson Hole and its Surrounding National Parks
Jackson Hole, Wyoming & Grand Teton National Park:
The Grand Teton National Park is in both Teton County, Wyoming and Teton County, Idaho, along
the border of both states. Surrounding the park on the Idaho side are the communities of Teton
Valley, Driggs, Swan Valley, and Victor. On the Wyoming side of the range are the towns of Hoback
Junction, Star Valley, Moose, Pinedale, Wilson, Alpine, Teton Village, and the famous high– end ski
town of Jackson Hole. Due to their proximity, these places are often referred to as Gateway
Communities, Jackson Hole being the largest and most economically successful of them all. There
are other parks and preserves near Jackson Hole including Yellowstone National Park, Bridger–
Teton National Forest, and Caribou Targhee National Forests (Town and County Planning Office,
pg. CV–3–16). The transit systems within the National Parks system, Gateway Communities, and
those linking them both together are extremely impactful to the natural environment and the park's
visitor's experiences. Currently the Grand Teton National Park has no transit system within its
boundaries, yet it is and has been considering one for years. At the time of the 2010 Census, the
population of Jackson Hole was 9,577 (Wikipedia, 2016) and currently it grows by approximately
52,000 in the Summer tourism season, and by 5,000 in the Winter tourism season (Jackson Hole
Chamber, 2016). This presents the

Nt1310 Unit 3 Assignment 1 Traffic Analysis
section{Introduction to Traffic Analysis Attacks}
We first describe the characteristics of an traffic analysis attacker (with respect to wireless networks)
before elaborating on the types of traffic analysis techniques that the attacker can use to compromise
privacy.
Generally, a traffic analysis attacker can be characterized by the following
properties~cite{conti2013}:
begin{enumerate} item underline{The global or local observability}. A global attacker is one that
can observe all the transmission activities in the entire network. This can be achieved if the attacker
is able to deploy his own network of sniffers to observe the network traffic or has a few sniffers with
high–gain antennas. The local adversary on the other hand, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The attacker is able to easily identify and distinguish between individual packets if they are of
different packet sizes. A simple countermeasure would be to pad each packet into a common
size~cite{hong2005, wan2012, zhang2012}.
underline{Time correlation}.
The attacker correlates the packet transmission times of each node and traces the packets hop–by–
hop from its source to its destination. The intuition here is that under normal scenarios, each
intermediate forwarder will forward a packet towards its destination without adding additional delay
or packet mixing. Privacy can be enhanced when each forwarder node adds a random delay before
transmitting the packet ~cite{zhang2012, shao2008} or route the packets to fake
destinations~cite{deng2005}.
The time correlation attack is simple to conduct and effective in compromising privacy. Hence, it is
the most considered attack in prior works and also widely studied in many Internet anonymity
protocols~cite{hong2005}.
underline{Rate monitoring}.
The attacker counts the number of packet transmissions executed by each node in a region for a
period of time. If the nodes are sending to a common destination node e.g., the sink node, then the
latter should be located in a region of higher packet transmissions or

Check Clearing System Analysis
Tellers are an essential part of the check clearing system. Knowing how this system works will
enhance your understanding of check–hold procedures. Finally, you can use this knowledge to
address questions and concerns that Members may have regarding float time and other clearing
related–issues. Most of the personal and corporate checks drawn on your Credit Union clear within a
couple of days; usually no more than a week, thanks to the combination of federal regulations,
today's modern technology, and a network of Federal Reserve banks and local and regional
clearinghouses. The time that elapses as the check moves from the place of deposit back to the
drawee institution is called float. To help you visualize this process, follow the trail of

Advantages Of Anticipatory Merchant In E-Commerce
Anticipatory shipping: The game changer in e–commerce By Govindarajan Raghavan and Harish B.
(TAPMI, Manipal) Imagine you are relaxing at your home and suddenly get a message from your
favorite e–tailer indicating a 20% discount on your favorite novel's new sequel. What is more
astonishing is that it will be delivered at your doorstep in few hours if you reply "Yes" to the
message. Straight out of some Sci–Fi movie..? Well, Amazon thinks not. Like the "Genie" in
Aladdin, it is prepared to grant all the wishes of its customers. What's even more magical and a little
bizarre (to be frank) is that these wishes will be granted even before they are made. Amidst all chaos
and bloodshed in the e–retail space to woo new customers and retain existing ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Predicting human behavior was never going to be easy even with the marvels of technology. Though
the highly complex algorithm may look like a "magic wand in the hand of witch" for the e–
commerce giants, it may turn into a Devil's snare if the accuracy of the prediction goes wrong i.e.
below the threshold at a region (geographic area) level. One of the major challenges of speculative
shipping would be the costs of returning or re–routing the package in the instance of an item not
being ordered or rejected at the door by the consumer. In such a scenario the item would be either
delivered to a potentially interested consumer for a discounted price or free promotional gifts to the
consumer to build goodwill and save on return cost. Though this idea could be viewed as a radical
approach by the e–retailers to increase consumer loyalty, this approach would have a direct impact
on the company's topline as it would eat into company's margin. This would compound the already
burning problem of increase in customer returns and repackaging. This method would force the
customers to try different ways to find factors triggering free delivery and would make it very hard
for e–commerce players to predict demand due to false behavior and browsing pattern exhibited by
the consumers. The other potential disadvantage would be alienating the consumers like door–to–
door salesmen by asking the customer, "We

DTS SOP
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Headquarters, 42d Infantry Division
137 Glenmore Road
Troy, New York 12180
Defense Travel System Standard Operating Procedures 10 February 2012
Summary: This document outlines the 42d ID DTS SOP. It sets forth the 42d ID purpose, policies,
procedures and responsibilities of handling travel authorizations and vouchers.
Applicability: This SOP applies to the 42d ID and its subordinate Brigades and separate Battalions.
Effective 1 February 2011, all Soldiers are required to utilize DTS for travel.
Supplementation: Supplementation of this SOP is prohibited without prior approval from the 42d
ID, 137 Glenmore Rd, Troy, NY 12180.
Suggested Improvements: The proponent of this SOP is the Division ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, internal control processes are established to assist officials in safeguarding processes
through regulation, documentation, recording, reconciling, and reporting their actions.
Departmental Accountable Officials, Certifying Officers, and Approvers are accountable for, and
have pecuniary liability for:
(1) The amount of any illegal, improper, or incorrect payment resulting from an inaccurate or
misleading certification (authorization)
(2) Any payment prohibited by law
(3) Any payment that does not represent a legal obligation under the appropriation or fund involved
Pecuniary Liability is the personal financial liability for fiscal irregularities to include illegal,
improper or incorrect payments that result from information, data or services negligently provided
and acted upon. This liability acts as incentive to guard against errors and theft by others, and also to
protect the government against errors and dishonesty by the officials themselves.

1–3. Departmental Accountable Official/Reviewer Responsibilities
The Reviewer should be a Soldier or Civilian that is aware of all temporary duty (TDY) missions
and can ensure the TDY is valid. He/she reviews all authorizations that are submitted to ensure the
Soldier is meeting the travel regulations. The Reviewer is responsible for:
(1) The Joint Federal Travel Regulations will be followed. In the event the SOP conflicts with Joint
Travel

Re-Upload from Others
The 10 Keys to Global Logistics Excellence
Supply Chain Thought Leadership Series
Research Sponsored by:
i
Table of Contents
Global Supply Chain – You Better Be Good............... Time and
Distance..................................................... Where Do the Lost Savings Go? ............................... The
10 Capabilities of Global Logistics Leaders........ Lack of Global Technology Enablement
................... Summary.................................................................. Sponsor Perspective
................................................. About Supply Chain Digest....................................... Global Logistics
Capability Diagnostic..................... . End Notes ................................................................. 1 2 3 5 13
14 16 17 18 25
ii
The 10 Keys to Global Logistics Excellence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those two factors add cost, complexity, and frequently risk. Many companies early in their
offshoring evolution find that managing this new set of skills and capability requirements is
extremely challenging. Often, savings expected from the global sourcing initiatives fail to
materialize, at least in part. SCDigest, for example, recently profiled a consumer hardware company
that illustrates this reality1. Under pressure from major big box retailers for lower prices, the
company is in the process of moving much of its manufacturing capacity to China and other low
cost country sources. To this point, however, the expected savings from offshoring have not
materialized. The company is just starting to analyze the factors, with no clear answers yet, other
than a belief that there were many "hidden" costs that were not fully anticipated. This is a scenario
that we hear on a consistent basis. In fact, a recent survey from McKinsey and the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce of Western companies importing product from China found that the majority of
respondents believed they were behind their competitors in such areas as total landed cost savings

from offshoring, on–time delivery, and other key supply chain metrics (see illustration below)2.
Considering that generally companies tend to over rate their performance versus others, this data is a
powerful statement of the challenges of doing global supply chain

Bus and Supply Chain
Table of Contents
Business Analysis 3
About InnoBus 3
Mission and strategy 3
Structure 3
The competitive situation of InnoBus in the trade environment 4
SWOT Analysis 4
5–Forces Model by Porter 6
The Unique Selling Proposition of InnoBus 7
Competitors of InnoBus 7
The Stakeholders of InnoBus 8
The Legal Aspects 8
The International Trade Environment 8
The competitive advantage of InnoBus 9
The logistic process at InnoBus 9
The Process 9
Time–to–market 10
Planning and Master Production Schedule 11
The position of InnoBus in the supply chain 11
Current problems and risks of InnoBus 14
Global Description 14
Financial Position and Possible Bankruptcy 14
Drop in Market Demand 14
Conservatism with possible Customers 14 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This integral bus design implies that you can build a bus as a whole with a frame of pipes, so you do
not need truck chasses anymore. An advantage which was combined with the integral bus design is
the standardization of production. Standardization of production makes it easier to coordinate the
production processes. The multiplex system increased savings with respect to the wiring systems in
buses and the electronic trolleybus has environmental advantages in comparison with the standard
buses.
Innovation is very important for InnoBus; it can be seen as one of the main pillars where their
strategy is based on.
Specialty: electronic trolley bus

The focus of InnoBus is on public transport within cities, that they try to distinguish themselves
from the competition with the development of the electronic trolleybus creates a competitive
advantage. As stated above, the trolleybus has environmental advantages and Innobus can not have
problems with new acts in America concerning the limitation of engine emission because there
simply is no engine emission. Moreover, it is very likely that if the American government wants to
stimulate environmental friendly products, Innobus will benefit from subsidies in the future.
Consistent and long–term relationship with their suppliers for the critical components
Innobus built long–term relationships with their suppliers. They are assured of

Energy Aware Fault Tolerance Essay
Energy Aware Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks
Nisha Narayanan
CECS Department
California State University, Long Beach
Long Beach, CA, United States nishas6@gmail.com Disha Gupta
CECS Department
California State University, Long Beach
Long Beach, CA, United States gdisha777@gmail.com Abstract
Technological developments have to such an outbreak in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), they
are used in a wide variety of today's industrial and consumer applications and holds limitless future
potentials for any type of ambience surveillance, hence fault tolerance in WSNs which are easily
prone to failure, is crucial. WSN's comprised of tiny sensor devices (sensor nodes) and the wireless
network itself. A node consists of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keywords component: WSN, network lifetime, fault detection algorithm, node energy consumption,
secure routing, communication faults, reliability
1. Introduction The sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are used for surveillance of
ambient environment, which can be unpredictable. The sensor nodes are often exposed to harsh
surroundings, which could lead to many problems like failure of the sensing unit, radio transceiver,
and processors; not just that, also sensor node death occurs due to energy crunch eventually. So it's
understood that faults directly affect the network lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network. Wireless
Sensor Network Lifetime means the time period required for the network to function with the
collective effort of sensors even if some of the nodes have failed. When this percentage of failed
nodes increases, fault prevention and avoidance strategies are needed to be applied to improve
reliability and performance of the network. A reliable WSN yields accurate results. For fault
tolerance in WSN, maintenance of a consistent quality of service (QoS) is necessary. Also energy
efficiency comes into picture, which is a difficult task to achieve.
There are also some software failures related to the operating system or embedded programs in the
sensor. WSN has a tolerance level that defines the capacity it would have to deal with the various
faults of the sensors. The degree of tolerance depends on the three

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ip V6
INTERNET PROTOCOL
Contents
The Transition from IP V4 to IP V6 2
Dual Stack Routers 2
Tunnelling 2
NAT Protocol Translation 3
The Limitations of IP V4 4
Scarcity of IP V4 Addresses 4
Security Related Issues 4
Address Configuration Related Issues 4
Quality of Service (QoS) 4
The Benefits of IP V6 5
More Efficient Routing 5
More Efficient Packet Processing 5
Directed Data Flows 5
Simplified Network Configuration 5
Support for New Services 5
Security 6
Fields & Functions of the IP V6 Header 7
Fixed Header 7
Extension Headers 8
Comparison Between IP V4 & IP V6 9
The Transition from IP V4 to IP V6
IP V6 was launched on June 6, 2012, in conjunction with many large companies and organisations
when they held World IP V6 Launch Day, which was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparison Between IP V4 & IP V6
IP V4 IP V6
Addressed are 32–bit in length Addressed are 128–bit in length
Binary numbers represented in decimal Binary numbers represented in hexadecimals
IPSec support optional IPSec support built–in
No packet flow identification Packet flow identification is available within the IP V6 header using
the Flow Label field
Fragmentation is done by sender and forwarding routers Fragmentation is only done by sender

Checksum field is available in IP V4 header Checksum not in IP V6 header
ARP is available to map IP V4 addresses to MAC Addresses ARP is replaced with a function of
NDP
IGMP is used to manage multicast group membership IGMP is replaced with MLD messages
Broadcast messages are available Broadcast messages are not available, instead a link–local scope
multicast IP V6 address is used for broadcast similar functionality
Manual configuration if IP V4 or DHCP is required to configure IP V4 adresses Auto configuration
of addresses is available
Bibliography
Name Date Visited URL
Tutorials Point 18/07/2017 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ipv6/ipv6_ipv4_to_ipv6.htm
Wikipedia 18/07/2017 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_deployment
Certiology 18/07/2017

Advantage And Disadvantage Of Wormhole Routing
switchingWormhole Routing In this mechanism, a packet is divided into smaller segments called
FLITs (FLow control digIT). Then, the flits are routed through the network one after another, in a
pipelined fashion. The first flit in a packet (header) reserves the channel of each router, the body
(payload) flits will then follow the reserved channel, and the tail flit will later release the channel
reservation. The wormhole mechanism does not require the complete packet to be stored in the
router while waiting for the header flit to route to the next stages. One packet may occupy several
intermediate routersFigure 2.7: (a) message format and (b) Wormhole routingat the same time. That
is, the wormhole approach is similar to the virtual cut–through, but here the channel and buffer
allocation is done on a flit–basis rather than packet–basis. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Because of these advantages, the wormhole mechanism is an ideal flow control candidate for on–
chip network. Unfortunately, Wormhole Routing is more prone to deadlock than SAF and Virtual
Cut–Through switching as the distribution of a packet as a worm through the network grabs hold of
more resources giving higher deadlock probability.Latencytwormhole =D(tr +ts +tw)+max(ts,tw)(L/
W)In this way, we have studied all the three important switching techniques. Circuit switching
useful when messages are not frequent because it will reserve complete path between source and
destination. Packet switching is useful when message are short and frequent because it takes lot of
buffer space to store packet at each node. VCT gives pipelining of message transmission but require
lot of space. Wormhole suggests fine grained pipelined message

Ipv4 : Ipv6 And Ipv6
IPv4 VS IPv6
Team:
Chad Bourque
Jaime Kanashiro
Siddique Chaudhry
IT 300–002
Vera Goodacre
3 December 2014
Introduction
IPv6 or Internet Protocol Version 6 is the most recent update to Internet protocol that will be
replacing Internet Protocol Version 4 in the near future. This new Internet protocol is the successor
of the now almost obsolete IPv4 [6]. The statistics of IPv6 compared to IPv4 is amazing and to be
honest mind blowing. IPv6 is significantly greater than version 4 in all of the categories it is
compared in. Although IPv6 isn't succeeding IPv4, it is clearly the significantly upgraded version
and something the growing technological world needs. IPv6 was officially launched on June 6, 2012
[7]. Only one year into its launch, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Internet Protocol is one of the fundamental protocols that are needed in order to communicate over
the Internet. In early 1990s, it became apparent that when the Web kept developing at the rate it was,
the IPv4 addresses would be exhausted by no time. Some short–term answers were provided, such
as
NAT (Network Address Translator) or CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing), but there was a new
work in progress, IPv6 [9]. The key reason for a brand new edition of the IPv4 was to administer a
solution to the IP address limit issue. Additionally, the sole sort of traffic that came about on the next
two decades before was flexible traffic, such as e–mails or record transfers
[9]. Such traffic was really volatile regardless of system problems. IPv6 was made for effortlessly
promoting flexible and inflexible traffic [9]. The objectives of IPv6 were to help scale, protect, and
transmit media. Unlike IPv4, IPSec help has turned into a necessity in the IPv6 header [9].
Ultimately, IPv6 needs number guide setting or DHCP, that 'll become crucial as the amount of
nodes increases [9]. Over all, IPv6 was cautiously considered, and was made with potential purposes
in mind.
IP addresses are very important when it comes to communications. Like a street address for a
mailman, IP addresses identify where the message needs to be sent. Similar to a house address or
business address, each device is assigned an IP address that acts as a unique identifier. These unique

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Noc
ABSTRACT
Network on chip (NoC) is the most reasonable and efficient solution for connecting the numerous
cores in a System–on–Chip(SoC). In conventional NoC architectures neighboring routers are
connected via hard–wired unidirectional communication channels. Due to the uneven and
unpredictable nature of traffic patterns in NoC, one channel might be overflowed due to heavy
traffic in one direction where as the other unidirectional channel is idle, thus causing performance
degradation, data loss and incompetent resource utilization. So as a cure for this problem, a
bidirectional NoC (BiNoC) is used, which uses bidirectional channels to connect neighboring
routers and it also supports runtime recomputation of channel direction according ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have 3 types of architectures:
1–port : It consists of one ejection and one injection channel,
K–port : It has k ejection and k injection channels,
All–port : Here, number of external output channels equals the number of injection channels and
number of external input channels equals the number of ejection channels. Figure 3: Architecture of
Single–Port Router With Both Input & Output Buffering
Channel:
It comprises of communication medium, link controllers, and buffers.
Buffer:
FIFO(First In First Out) memory buffer for temporarily storing one or several units of
communication in transit. They are required for storing transferred data until the next channel is
reserved and is in a position tosurpass them. A router can implement:
Input and output buffering: Here, every output and input external channel is associated with a single
buffer.
Input buffering: Here, buffers are connected only to input external channels.
Output buffering: Here, buffers are connected only to output external channels.
2.2 COMMUNICATION UNITS
Message:
It is the communication unit from a programmer's point of view.

Why Is Southwest Successful Fuel Hedging Program?
The Southwest Airlines Company is a major airline in the United States. Whose headquarters is
based in Dallas Texas. The airline is one of the world 's largest low–cost carriers. The company was
established in1967 by Herb Kelleher and renamed to its current name in 1971. Question set 1. 1.
What does it take to make money in this business? ⎫ One class of seating ⎫ Faster than average gate
turnarounds to yield higher utilization rates ⎫ No meals or movies in the flight ⎫ High employee
productivity ⎫ Point–to–point flight routes ⎫ One type of airplane, Boeing 737 ⎫ Serves relatively
less –congested airports to achieve high asset utilization and reliable on–time performance. ⎫ A very
successful fuel hedging program 2. Why is southwest successful? ϖ It has maintained the strategy
and operating style of flying to airports that are close to metropolitan areas and that are
underutilized. ϖ It emphasizes on point to point routes with no central hub and an average flight
time of 65mins, through this, the Southwest can avoid many delays that are occasioned by the
connecting flights. ϖ It is consistent with its strategy of low fares, low costs, and frequent flights. ϖ
It keeps its fares simple, unlike the other airlines that depend heavily on artificial intelligence and
computers to maximize price revenue. ϖ It has excellent customer service where employees
routinely volunteer in helping clients who are in need. ϖ It has an effective leadership that
recognizes the value of

Data Comm
DATA COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT 2 CLASSIFICATION ON WIRELESS NETWORKS
Size –WLANS: Wireless Local Area Networks: WLANS allow users in a local area, such as a
university campus or library, to form a network or gain access to the internet. A temporary network
can be formed by a small number of users without the need of an access point; given that they do not
need access to network resources. –WPANS: Wireless Personal Area Networks: The two current
technologies for wireless personal area networks are Infra Red (IR) and Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15).
These will allow the connectivity of personal devices within an area of about 30 feet. However, IR
requires a direct line of site and the range is less. –WMANS: Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks:
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A signal from the source travels in both directions to all nodes connected to bus cable until it finds
the address on the network that is intended. Advantages * Economical to run * Requires less cable *
Does not require extensive training * Good choice for small networks Disadvantages * Difficult to
isolate malfunctions because of a series of connections * When one fails all devices might fail *
Heavy traffic causes network to slow down Star topology Each network host is connected to a
central hub via a point to point connection. All traffic has to pass through central hub which acts as a
signal booster. Advantages * Easy to install and upgrade * Easy to maintain compared to bus and
ring topologies * Central hub makes troubleshooting easy Disadvantages * Central hub failure
causes entire network to go down * Its more expensive when cabling SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
Circuit switching Circuit switching is defined as a mechanism applied in telecommunications
(mainly in PSTN) whereby the user is allocated the full use of the communication channel for the
duration of the call. That is if two parties wish to communicate, the calling party has to first dial the
numbers of the called party. Once those numbers are dialed, the originating exchange will find a
path to the terminating exchange, which

Logistics Management
MBA 4.2: LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT
Module 1
Introduction to Logistics and its interface with production and Marketing; Measures of Logistics;
Physical distribution and logistics.
Introduction to Logistics
When total supply chain system is integrated over a firm, it is known as logistics
It is an integrated effort aimed at helping customer value at a lower cost.
Without logistical support, marketing and manufacturing departments cannot accomplish product in
timely or fresh manner.
The value of logistics is evaluated when the inventory is correctly positioned to facilitate sale. It is
very costly to create a logistical value.
A firm gains competitive advantage by providing customer with superior service through quality
logistics.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Components
In order to achieve logistics operational objectives, while achieving its mission, a large no. of
individual activities are required to perform, which constitutes functions of logistics management
system. Different components constitute differently in the achievement of logistics mission and
objectives which can be grouped in 3 broad categories.
a. Generic components
b. Primary components
c. Supportive components
Generic Components
Primary Components
Supportive Components
Components of a typical logistical system
Purchasing, packaging, inventory control, material handling, order processing, customer service,
demand forecasting, distribution communications, parts & service support, plant or warehouse
selection (location analysis), return goods handling, salvage & scrap disposal, traffic and

transportation, and warehousing and storage.
Logistics Management
Definition
Logistical management includes the design and administration of system to control the flow of
material, WIP and finished inventory to support business unit strategy.
Overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total
cost.
LOGISTICAL TOTAL COST – includes the cost of physical distribution system and cost of
logistical supply chain
PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM cost

To Design Mpls Vpn for a Company
PROJECT REPORT
ON
TO DESIGN A LAYER 3 MPLS VPN (Multiprotocol Label Switching Protocol Virtual Private
Network ) FOR A CUSTOMER WITH DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
C O N T E N T S
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABOUT THE PROJECT
► Problem statement ► Proposed solution ► Objectives
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
► Multiprotocol Label Swithcing(MPLS) ■ Architecture ■ How does it work ■ CEF Switching ■
Advantages
► Virtual Private Network(VPN) ■ Terminologies ■ Implementation Techniques ■ Features
►MPLS VPN ■What is it ? ■Working ■Security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, a router builds a table (called routing table) as how a packet should be forwarded through
which interface, by using either statically configured statements (called static routes) or by
exchanging information with other routers in the network through a dynamical routing protocol,
Control plane maintains contents of the label–switching table (label forwarding information base, or
LFIB).
Data plane has a simple forwarding engine. It is a very simple mechanism.It does not involve any
tables.
MPLS CONTROL AND DATA PLANE COMPONENTS
[pic]

■ HOW DOES IT WORK
MPLS works by prefixing packets with an MPLS header, containing one or more "labels". This is
called a label stack. Each label stack entry contains four fields: ● A 20–bit label value. ● A 3–bit
Traffic Class field for QoS (quality of service) priority (experimental) and ECN (Explicit
Congestion Notification). ● A 1–bit bottom of stack flag. If this is set, it signifies that the current
label is the last in the stack. ● An 8–bit TTL (time to live) field. These MPLS–labeled packets are
switched after a label lookup/switch instead of a lookup into the IP table. As mentioned above, when
MPLS was conceived, label lookup and label

Ryanair
Introduction
Ryanair is one of the most profitable low–cost and low–fare airlines in the world. Even though it
was merely bankruptcy in 1991, it could stand up and become very successful by 1999. An issues
was what led Ryanair to huge losses in 1991, how did it re–gain its position, and what lay ahead in
the next century.
Analysis
Prior to 1991, Ryanair had suffered from continuous losses from 1985 to 1989. The first reason that
put it into this situation was that it tried to position itself as a low fare airline with the first rate
services. It tried to keep low and unrestricted fare, while keep focusing on the best customer service
and relationship. This mixed model was proven inefficiency. The low price could lure number of ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Main reason were that it abolished the mixed model, applied low cost strategy, improved its
operation, reposition itself, and increase number of ancillary services. A key issue that waited for
Ryanair at the end of 1999 was how to move and what to do to maintain or increase its market share.
From the analysis, Ryanair should maintain its current position. However, it is strongly
recommended to provide the check–through baggage for connecting flights for other airlines. This
could increase number of passengers who have to transit via a route that Ryanair provided.
Moreover, it should increase ancillary services by offering referral program to car rentals, hotels,
and travel agencies. By doing this, it could generate more revenue to provide more services in other
parts.
For the in–flight service, it is suggested that Ryanair should offer rental in–flight entertainments or
internet services. As for a promotion, in the best case, it could offer a free flight or I£1 flight with
limited seats to attract customers who never fly before or those who love travelling.
In a worse case that an intense competition among employees occurs, the company should reset its
pays distribution and incentives before (or along with) follow the above recommendations.
Moreover, in the worst case that many more low–cost and low–fare airlines enter the same route
with Ryanair, it is highly suggested that

How Transport Engineering Improve Inter Urban Goods Movement
CV3311 Transportation & Highways
Coursework 2: Transport Engineering Technical Essay
How can transport engineering improve inter–urban goods movement?
Nashwa Hassanaly
Student number : 090038812
Content
Abstract 3
Introduction 4
I. Traffic planning strategies 4
1.1 Inter urban travel 4
1.2 Road freight 4
1.3 Rail freight 5
II. Transport planning 5
2.1 Congestion 5
2.1.1 entrance ramp controls on motorways 6
2.1.2 traveller information systems 7
2.1.3 Incident management 8
2.2 Night deliveries 8
2.3 Joint deliveries 9
2.4 Driver training 9
2.5 Create and Publish a Comprehensive Truck Routing Map. 10
2.6 Implement Intelligent Truck Traffic Management 10
2.7 Develop Intelligent Lane Utilization Programs. 10
2.8 Truck Lanes on or Adjacent to Highways. 10
2.9 Move Freight on Rapid Transit. 11
2.10 Mutlinodal connectivity 11
Conclusion 12
Abstract
During the 1920s and 1930s, Britain saw a movement of its inner–city industries moving out to

adjacent sites which lead to Britain's road network to be redeveloped.
Britain's first motorway , the 13 km Preston bypass was opened in 1958, and following this the
Goverment planned to improve 6750km of road to at least dual carriageway standard to form
strategic inter–urban network for England. This network was marked as a national commitment,
which would enhance road safety, be easily connected to all major centres of population, promote
economic growth and regional development.

Mpls Network Based Mpls Uses Label Switching And Reliable,...
If a business is looking for a way to have a system that is fast and reliable, as well as secure MPLS
is the best solution. MPLS helps with the transfer of data between different business locations and it
has the ability to scale for any size business so it makes it a very valuable investment. MPLS takes
away all constant routing lookups associated with regular IP routing and provides high quality
performance for company networks.
MPLS Description
Multi–Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) is a technology that uses label switching to more data over
a network. MPLS is technology that businesses use to create their own private WAN (Wide Area
Network). MPLS is used to connect different LAN's (Local Area Network) together that exist in
different areas of the country. When first talking about MPLS one must understand that MLPS isn't a
service is more known as a technique. This means that it can be used for many different services that
may not be known as MPLS. MPLS seems to operate in the middle of the OSI model layers 2 and 3
so it is somewhat of a layer 2.5 protocol. The reasoning being is that MPLS sits between those
layers is because it provides more features for data transportation on a network. One of the basic
concepts MPLS is packet labeling or label switching. In a regular Internet Protocol (IP) routing,
every router makes a IP lookup in order to determine the next router in the routing table. Which then
forwards the packet and this process continues for every router until

WAL-MART Essay

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to WAL-MART Essay

Similar to WAL-MART Essay (19)

More from Erin Moore

More from Erin Moore (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

WAL-MART Essay