1. Nt1310 Project Design
Project Design Specifically, the AAE Secure Network project plan consists of the following phases: Phase 1– use the PCI security controls and
processes to find the best network design for AAE's PCI compliance; Phase 2 – utilize the Cisco Enterprise Campus Model to redesign the network
topology; Phase 3 – secure the PCI networks at the core switch and firewall using NIST SP 800–41: Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy;
Phase 4 – make recommendations to secure the PCI devices using NIST SP 800–123: Guide to General Server Security; Phase 5 – complete an
internal PCI Self–Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ); Phase 6 – conduct a vulnerability assessment according to NIST SP 800–115: Technical Guide to
Information Security Testing; Phase 7 – train the IT staff to be security conscious according to NIST SP 800–14: Generally Accepted Principles and
Practices for Securing Information Technology Systems. In sum, these are the criteria that must be met to successfully complete the project. Next, the...
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Undoubtedly, this paper will generate network information, diagrams, and/or tables; accordingly, these are all included in the Appendix section of the
paper. Moreover, the training, vulnerability assessment, and SAQ results are also included as an Appendix in the final paper. Finally, fearing disclosure
of proprietary information that could compromise network security, all project data are scrubbed and sanitized to remove sensitive information. http:/
/blog.securitymetrics.com/2015/03/network–segmentation–pci–scope.html
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2. Evaluation Of A New Business Manager
If you're a new business owner and have just begun accepting credit cards for payments, you don't want to be caught unaware of the regulations
involved in handling sensitive personal data. The consequences of improper procedures could be penalties, fees and even termination of your card
processing account. Read on to learn about PCI regulations and what you need to do to remain compliant.
What is PCI?
PCI stands for Payment Card Industry. When referring to the subject of PCI compliance, you are actually talking about a set of industry standards
known as PCI DSS, where the "DSS" stands for Data Security Standards. These standards were designed to ensure that businesses handle credit card
information in a secure manner.
The first version of data security standards was released in December 2004 to combat the increasing rate at which cardholder information was being
stolen online. The PCI DSS was established in 2006 with the formation of the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC). The
council focuses on improving security of credit card transactions as technology and market trends change the security concerns in the industry.
The PCI SSC was created by the major credit card brands, including MasterCard, Visa, American Express and Discover; however, the council is not
responsible for PCI compliance. It's the payment brands that actually enforce the standards.
Who needs to comply with PCI security standards?
In short, any organization or business that
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3. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 Analysis
The main idea behind the PCI–DSS is that a standard is made to help the controls of the card holder data and it is primarily done to divert the credit
card blunder by introduction. The primary thought behind the Payment Card Industry Data Secured Standard commonly called as PCI–DSS is that the
standard is made to help the controls of the card holder information also, its chiefly done to the turn away the credit card misinterpretation by exposure.
The PCI–DSS was introduced by four prime credit card organizations in particular Visa, Master Card, Discover and American Express. Financial
Sector: Summarize the main idea of Sarbanes–Oxley Act Section 404 The essential thought behind the Sarbanes–Oxley Act Section 404 is that an
interior control
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4. TJX Security Paper
TJX was the largest retailer of apparel and fashion in the United States, with over 2400 stores and 125000 associates. It functions on the basis of an
internal information system, which is essential for connecting people, places and information and; accessing data that enables quick and timely
decisions. The presence of an IT network is imperative to the productivity of any retailer. But this IT network if not secured properly is the most
sensitive to a cyber attack, thus making any retailer very vulnerable to attacks. Apart from the internal networks, the CRM technologies and in–store
technologies (like bar–code scanners, kiosks, etc.) are also vulnerable to attacks.
On analyzing the TJX security intrusion, the following require immediate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company should periodically delete the data pertaining to previous years.
TECHNOLOGY FAILURE POINTS:
The company was not only using encryption tools but also was failing at meeting the compliance standards. PCI DSS was a security standard mandatory
for all the retailers and TJX being the biggest retailer managed to meet only 9 out of the 12 requirements of the standards. The company failed at
meeting the technology areas including encryption, access controls and firewalls. The company needs to pay immediate attention to the encryption
tools and endeavor to meet all the security guidelines of the PCI DSS.
Apart from that, the TJX system was so weak that anyone could easily eavesdrop on the employees and access information like user ID and
passwords. The intruders had then easily created their own accounts and gained remote access from anywhere in the TJX system.
Not only was the TJX system weak and lacked in system security, but also TJX was unable to determine the contents of the files stolen. Also, the
intruders had managed to successfully get hold of the decryption key of their weak encryption
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5. Swot Analysis Of Graco Inc, A Minneapolis Based Company Essay
I work as a Credit Representative for Graco Inc, a Minneapolis based company. Graco Inc is a manufacturing company provider of premium pumps and
spray equipment for fluid handling in construction, manufacturing, processing and maintenance industries. As a Credit Representative, we handle both
the Credit and Collection functions. In Credit, customers are evaluated on their credit history based on financial statements, credit reports and trade
references to determine the financial risk. Our goal is to support sales by extending credit and terms to customers. On the other hand, as Collectors, we
perform collection efforts to ensure accounts are paid on time and resolve any outstanding balances. Customers whom tends to struggle on payments
and pay late on their bills, our leverage is to hold orders to collect debt.
As technology advances over the years, we have experienced and noticed that the trend in how payment are received have shift tremendously. Twenty
years ago, check was the preferred way of payment. In today's world, more and more payments are done by credit cards. Credit card transactions are
instance that provides a faster payment method.
At Graco Inc, we have put controls and processes in place over the years to ensure that the credit card process is secured. Although we have put in
many hours to close the gaps between the credit card processes, we are still exposed to many credit card risks. We receive credit card information via
email, fax and/or over the phone.
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6. Relate A Real-World Case Study On The Payment Card System
1. Relate a real–world case study on the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) standard noncompliance and its implications.
Failure to protect sensitive customer data can result in serious Business losses and other major negative impacts in business operations. Card Systems
Solutions and its successor has been known for the world's largest client data comprise ever since. This was due to failure to properly protect sensitive
card information of millions of customers' cards it processed during its operation. The company kept sensitive personal information for its clients of
which it had no useful reason to store it. The said information was stored in the company's network which proved insecure following a SQL injection
attack that saw millions of card information compromised thus leading to a huge loss due to fraudulent purchases using the stolen information from the
company's system.
This incident saw the FTC identify several practices that could have possibly led to the breach. These included failure to use strong passwords, failure
to employ sufficient measure to restrict system access to computers and the internet, some of which were low–cost and easy to establish measures
nevertheless, the company did not carry out regular tests to assess the vulnerability of their system to the outside world, a situation that made them
vulnerable to even the simplest attacked.
Data breaches like these have serious implications for the business operations and could even lead to the collapse of the whole system, where the law
is applicable the Company's systems are put under supervision to make sure they meet the newest regulation for financial data protection and regular
auditing to make sure the system is stable and secure.
2. Distinguish how the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a standard and not a law, and how it defines requirements for
information systems security controls and countermeasures.
PCI DSS is a fundamental standard established by major credit companies to create a baseline on how personal information on cardholders, their
transactions, and other sensitive information is collected, transferred to requesting parties and most importantly how the above data
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7. Case Study Of PCI DSS Compliance
PCI DSS Compliance and How to Become PCI DSS Compliant.
What is PCI Compliance?
PCI compliance is officially known as Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). It's a proprietary information security standard for all
organizations that store, process or transmit branded credit cards from the major card schemes including Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover.
It's a universal security standard that was first set up in December 2004 when the credit card companies came together to form Payment Card Industry
Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) the organization behind PCI DSS. The most current PCI DSS (version 3.2) came out in April 2016.
Before the formal security standard was established, the different credit card companies had their own set of rules and ... Show more content on
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An Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV) is an organization with a set of security services and tools (ASV scan solutions) that conduct external
vulnerability scanning services to validate with the external scanning requirements.
As for if you need it, it depends.
If you're applying for an SAQ A–EP, you need it. It's one of the questions in the form and while AOC A it doesn't necessarily mean that you need to be
performing scans by approved ASVs.
So, from the point of view of SAQ/AOC A, an ASV scan is not needed. At the same time, some acquirers (payment providers) have it as one of the
requirements to use their services. Again, it's important to your providers directly even if you are applying for SAQ A. The scanning vendors ASV
scan solution is tested and approved by PCI SSC before an ASV added to list.
Compliance Process Summary
1. Determine your compliance level with your bank and different credit card companies. Remember, each has their own slightly different rules.
2. Complete the relevant Self–Assessment Questionnaire according to its instructions.
3. Complete the relevant Attestation of Compliance form (contained in your SAQ
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8. Tjx Security Breach Essay
The TJX companies breach has been labeled the largest data breach in the history of security breach and the ultimate wake up call for corporations
(Dash, 2007). TJX is the parent company of chains such as TJ Maxx, Marshalls, Homegoods, and a host of retail stores across the US and Canada.
In January 2007, it was discovered that hackers stole as many as 200 million customer records due to a failed security system by TJX which resulted
in a $4.8 billion dollars' worth of damages (Swann, 2007). It is said that the breach occurred because they did not have any security measures in place
to protect consumer's data such as their debit cards, credit cards, checking account information, and driver's license numbers. Reports identified three
major... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, researchers at Darmstadt Technical University in Germany have demonstrated that a WEP key can be broken in less than a minute (Berg,
Freeman, & Schneider, 2008). More important, WEP does not satisfy industry standards that require the use of the much stronger WPA (Wi
–Fi
Protected Access) protocol (Berg, Freeman, & Schneider, 2008). First, they broke into the store's network and stole employees' usernames and
password, which they were able to gained access to the TJX main database at the corporate headquarters and use those credentials to create their own
accounts within the employee database. Once they gain entry into the corporate network, they were able to breach security and gather credit card
numbers, and any customer information they wanted. The consumer information was compromised for approximately 18 before TJX became aware of
what had been happening. The TJX data storage practices also appear to have violated industry standards. Reports indicate that the company was
storing the full–track contents scanned from each customer's card (Swann, 2007). Additionally, customer records seem to have contained the
card–validation code (CVC) number and the personal identification numbers (PIN) associated with the customer cards. PCI Data Security Standard 3.2
clearly states that after payment authorization is received, a merchant is not to store sensitive data, such as the CVC, PIN, or full–track information
(Berg, Freeman, & Schneider,
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9. A Brief Note On Federal Information Security Management...
Introduction This paper will talk about six Acts/Laws which are implied for the advancement of society and encourage the work process, keep up the
protection of each individual citizen of the nation, provide legitimate rights to the labors/workers, right to cover intellectual property, open doors for
money related foundations to grow their business, and keep up the information security and integrity.
FISMA
ISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act) appeared when Congress understood the significance of Information Security and it included
FISMA as a piece of E – Government Act of 2002.
FISMA requires administrative bodies inside the government to:
Plan for security.
Ensure that the fitting and responsible authorities are assigned with the security obligation.
Review security controls measure in a standard interim premise.
Manage and approve the framework preparation before the operations, and intermittently after deploying.
FISMA is separated into three primary areas:
Annual security reporting prerequisite (Annual Program Review – CIO).
Independent Evaluation – (IG) and
Corrective activity gets ready for recuperation and remediation of security shortcomings.
FISMA requests that organizations submit reports to OMB on the status of their data security program, quarterly.
Sarbanes–Oxley Act Sarbanes–Oxley Act applies just to organizations whose stock is exchanged on open trades. Its motivation was to
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10. Essay on Components of PCI Standards
I.Components of PCI standards
PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
(PCI DSS) is the base standard for merchants and card processors. It addresses security technology controls and processes for protecting cardholder
data. Attaining compliance with PCI DSS can be tough, and can drastically impact your organization's business processes, service, and technology
architecture (Microsoft, 2009). PCI DSS version 1.2 is the most recent version of the standard, and takes the place of all previous versions of PCI
DSS. The DSS standard is structured into the group of six principles and 12 requirements.
Payment Application Data Security Standard (PA DSS) (PA DSS) is the baseline for the software developers who commercially develop software for...
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I.Build and maintain a secure network
Requirement 1: Install and maintain a firewall for the protection of card holder data
Firewall controls the data traffic between internal and external non trusted networks. All systems must be protected from unauthorized access from non
trusted networks.
Requirement 2: Do not use default security configurations like logins, passwords
Default settings and configurations are the easiest way to approach any network. These default settings are well known in hacker communities.
II.Protect card holder data
Requirement 1: Protect stored cardholder data
Encryption, masking and hashing are the critical aspects of data security. It is not easy to read the encrypted information without cryptographic keys.
Time based storage and disposal policies play an important role. Try to store as minimum amount of cardholder data like there is no need to store
verification code, pin number and expiration dates.
Requirement 2: Encrypt transmission of cardholder data across a public networks
Always use encryption before the passing sensitive information to a public networks. Secure socket layer (SSL) is an industry wide protocol for secure
communication between client and server. Organizations should avoid using instant messaging applications for the transmission of sensitive data.
III.Maintain a vulnerability management program
Requirement 1: Use up–to–date
12. PCI DSS/3.1 Audit Request
External Audit Request = Turquoise
Internal ISO Guidance = Green
PCI DSS 3.1 Audit Requirement Request:
1.3.8 Do not disclose private IP addresses and routing information to unauthorized parties.
Audit Testing Procedures:
1.3.8.a Examine firewall and router configurations to verify that methods are in place to prevent the disclosure of private IP addresses and routing
information from internal networks to the Internet.
PCI Security Standards Council Guidance:
Restricting the disclosure of internal or private IP addresses is essential to prevent a hacker "learning" the IP addresses of the internal network, and
using that information to access the network. Methods used to meet the intent of this requirement may vary depending on the specific
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13. It Security Compliance Policy Is The Legal Aspects Of The...
Introduction
The purpose of this IT Security Compliance Policy is to recognize the legal aspects of the information security triad: availability, integrity, and
confidentiality as it applies to the Department of State at U.S. Diplomatic Embassies across the globe. This document also covers the concept of
privacy and its legal protections for privately–owned information by the U.S. government and government employee's use of network resources. A
detailed risk analysis and response procedures may also be found at the end of this policy.
LAW Overview
The following is a brief overview of compliance with each law related and in use by our organization.
"The Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLBA) requires financial institutions – companies that offer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of requirements designed to ensure that ALL companies that process, store or
transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment. Essentially any merchant that has a Merchant ID (MID)." (PCI Compliance Guide).
We have three steps for compliance to PCI standards. Step 1 "ASSESS" The purpose of the assessment step is to study all possible process and
technology vulnerabilities that may pose a threat to consumer credit card data processed by our company. Step 2 "REMIDIATE" Remediation is how
we begin fixing vulnerabilities – these vulnerabilities include technology flaws like outdated software or hardware that is easily bypassed by an
exploit, even unsafe practices performed by the organization that potentially exposes the card data to someone other than the card holder.
Some steps we use in the remediation process are network port and vulnerability scanners.
Complete self–evaluation questionnaires and network scenario questionnaires.
Sort and prioritize any vulnerability found in tests and assessments.
Apply fixes, patches, updates, and possible work around for vulnerabilities recognized.
Rescan everything again to ensure the vulnerabilities have been mitigated.
"The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is a Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. The law
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14. Health Information Compliance Report
Today, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH's) main focus is to transfer healthcare records from a paper
format to a digital format known as Electronic Health Records (EHR). Due to the sensitivity of the transferal of this data; the possibility of hackers and
breaches, the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) alongside HITECH recommend that health care entities employ multiple
approved governing standards to aid in the facility remaining compliant with current local and federal regulations for safety and privacy of said data
(Oracle.com, 2011). These regulations govern both the local and federal hardware/software vendors and users now known as business associates under
the Mega ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Software/hardware vendors must provide covered entities with audit reports unique to each compering provider. Vendors are required to present
proof of their HIPAA compliance in the form of a Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagement No. 16 (SSAE 16) as it replaced SSA 70
(Barrett, Lucero, and Williams, 2013). Three service control documents must accompany a business associate when desiring to employ its services to a
covered entity, as well as a contract will which will include effective dates of return, termination, and or destruction of all data, if deemed necessary. The
three controls are: (1) a Service Organization Control Financial Report, (2) Service Organization Control on Technical Ability (detailing controls), and
(3) Service Organization Control (an auditors opinion), which adds strength to the business associates reputation to remain compliant with all HIPAA
guidelines and standards (Barrett, Lucero, and Williams, 2013). Lastly, business associates must hold a Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (
PCI DSS). For a business associate to have this card in their possession, they will need to have undergone a PCI audit. It is the covered entity
responsibility to determine the compliance of the business associate. As for the contract, if the business associate does not provide such a document the
covered entity can consider the business associate in HIPAA violation
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15. Tft2 Task 1
The current new user security policy for Heart–Healthy Insurance states the following:
"New users are assigned access based on the content of an access request. The submitter must sign the request and indicate which systems the new
user will need access to and what level of access will be needed. A manager's approval is required to grant administrator level access."
The following changes are based upon the PCI–DSS Compliace:
1.Usage policies must be developed for critical technologies and defined for proper use of these technologies (PCI DSS 12.3).
With this first policy an organization with prohibit or allow the usage of equipment and/or accounts depending on the individual's permitted access.
2.Explicit approval by authorized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Guide to Enterprise Password Management National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800–118. Retrieved from:http:/
/csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800–118/draft–sp800–118.pdf
PCI Security Standards Council. (2013). Payment Card Industry Data Security
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16. A Plan For Physical And Digital Security Protocols
7. PCI DSS Validation
The Payment Card industry Data Security Standard applies to companies that use, store and transmit protected financial information. Companies bear
responsibility for compliance, but many of the company 's payment processors offer compliance tools for businesses they serve. It 's essential that
companies implement PCI standards. Developing a plan for physical and digital security protocols is essential if companies want to avoid fines,
penalties, customer lawsuits and even cancellations of their payment processing privileges due to security breaches caused by noncompliance.
8. PCI Compliance Guide
The compliance required for B2B companies includes implementing training programs for employees to educate them about security risks. B2B
companies can develop stricter digital and physical safeguard that fall outside of the practices that credit card companies recommend because
developers can build and integrate various compliance tools for the eCommerce platform to fulfill baseline requirements or higher standards. The PCI
DSS website explains the requirements of getting PCI–certified, which is an essential starting point for defining what's needed on the platform and for
in–house training and security practices.
9. Automated Auditing
An automated auditing tool for B2B eCommerce platforms offers many advantages, but each eCommerce operation is different and requires custom
integrations and features to enable auditing applications to manage and audit the
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17. Customer Information For A Hacker Group
One of the largest family oriented chain superstores in the United States gave upwards of 40 million credit and debit card numbers and up to 70
million pieces of personal customer information to a hacker group. On November 27th 2013 the household name of Target, the local one–stop shop
superstore, was hacked. A hacker group from outside of the United States used third party credentials from a HVAC company used by Target to gain
access to the company's network. After gaining unauthorized access to Target's network, the hackers installed a malware on the system to capture all
credit card data and customer information given at the registers located in the company's 1,797 U.S. stores. Once the information was captured by the
hackers, the data was then sent to several off–site server locations around the U.S. to cover their tracks. From there, the hackers devised an escape
route for the data to reach their servers located in an undisclosed location in Russia. The hacker group will most likely sell the customer data on the
deep web to other criminals for just a few dollars per credit card number (Riley). Target could have stopped the hacker group in their tracks foiling
their plan of escape with millions of pieces of customer data.
Avoidance and Compliance
Many questions have been raised about this massive security breach and how it could have been avoided. The bottom line is Target could have easily
stopped this attack from happening if the correct procedures and steps were
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18. The Payment Card Industry For My Organization
I have chosen the Payment Card Industry for my organization to write about. Mainly because I work in the industry and know it fits the criteria
for security. So I will get down to the name three major information threats to the Card Service Industries. I got my three major information
security threats form PC World (Bradley, 2015). For the Payment Card Industry I have chosen Social Engineering, Sophisticated DDoS Attacks,
and The Insecurity of Things (Bradley, 2015). due to the access of the ATMs and Credit Card Readers. The first threat is Social Engineering. The
Payment Card Industry is a prime target for Social Engineers because they can gain larger profits off of the information. With this information a
theft can steal larger amounts of money in a short period. They best defense against Social Engineering is training. On eSecurity Planet's website
by Thor Olavsrud they list "9 Best Defenses Against Social Engineering Attacks" are the following: 1.First Education is the best way to defend
against a social attack (Olavsrud, 2016). is to be aware of how it happens. Training on how to recognize the Social Engineer exploits the situation .
Jamey Heary on the website acritical "Top 5 Social Engineering Exploit Techniques", (Heary, 2016) for PCWorld, states that the top 5 techniques are
familiarity exploited (Heary, 2016) , this is where the Social Engineer gets to know you so you are comfortable so you will talk to you about sensitive
information; Creating a Hostile
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19. Case Study Of Bharti Airte1
Chapter – 1
COMPANY PROFILE
Bharti Airte1, incorporated on Ju1y 7, 1995 is the f1agship company of Bharti Enterprises. The Bharti group has a diverse business portfo1io and has
created g1oba1 brands in the te1ecommunication sector. Bharti Airte1, is Asia's 1eading integrated te1ecom services provider with operations in India
and Sri Lanka. Bharti Airte1 has been the forefront of the te1ecom revo1ution and has transformed the sector with its wor1d–c1ass services bui1t on
1eading edge techno1ogies.
Bharti Airte1 is India's 1argest integrated and the first private te1ecom service provider with a footprint in a11 the 23 te1ecom circ1es. Bharti Airte1
since its inception has been at the forefront of techno1ogy and has steered the course of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anti–virus software must be used on a11 systems common1y affected by ma1ware to protect systems from current and evo1ving ma1icious software
threats. Additiona1 anti–ma1ware so1utions may supp1ement (but not rep1ace) anti–virus software.
5.1 Dep1oy anti–virus software on a11 systems common1y affected by ma1icious software (particu1ar1y persona1 computers and servers). For systems
not affected common1y by ma1icious software, perform periodic eva1uations to eva1uate evo1ving ma1ware threats and confirm whether such systems
continue to not require anti–virus software.
5.2 Ensure that a11 anti–virus mechanisms are kept current, perform periodic scans generate audit 1ogs, which are retained per PCI DSS Requirement
10.7.
5.3 Ensure that anti–virus mechanisms are active1y running and cannot be disab1ed or a1tered by users, un1ess specifica11y authorized by
management on a case–by–case basis for a 1imited time period.
5.4 Ensure that re1ated security po1icies and operationa1 procedures are documented, in use, and known to a11 affected parties.
Requirement 6: Deve1op and maintain secure systems and
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20. Security Breach at Tjx Essay
HBR Case Study
Security Breach at TJX
1. What are the (a) people, (b) work process and (c) technology failure points in TJX's security that require attention?
While it is known that all retailers, large and small, are vulnerable to attacks, several factors including people, work process, and technology require
attention so as to prevent another major attack from hitting TJX.
The people associated with the attack who need attention are the top–level executives and, more importantly, the Payment Card Industry Data Security
Standard
(PCI DSS) auditors. Top–level executives need to understand that IT security is a business issue and not just a technology issue. As seen by the attack,
an IT security breach can mean hundreds of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. How should the company's IT security be improved and strengthened? What should its short–term priorities and long–term plans be?
Hiring Richel as the Chief Security Officer was one big step towards a better IT security program at TJX; he's an executive who understands the harsh
and costly consequences of a weak IT security system and has plans to implement the strongest system possible.
Short term priorities include 1) addressing Mary Smith's letter and taking care of the $5,000 theft, 2) implement network monitoring, 3) implement
logs, 4) encrypt ALL data and minimize the time where data goes from 'scrambled' to 'unscrambled', and 5) update all components of the system, both
hardware and software, to the most modern and secure in the industry.
Long–term priorities should include minimizing risk by making everyone in the company, not just top–level executives, aware of the potential of
another massive attack on their system. The reason why I think store clerks and managers should be made aware of their respective branch's IT
system (wireless, kiosks, card swipers, etc) is so that they know what an attack looks like when it is happening. More times than not, the invasion is
happening right in front of the cashier's face yet they have absolutely no idea.
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21. Essay on Security Regulation Compliance
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: PEOPLE CHANGE
Percy A. Grisby II
Computer Ethics
March 13, 2015
Professor Sonya M. Dennis
1. Overview
Below we are going to discuss 6 Acts/Laws which are meant for the betterment for society and facilitate the workflow, maintain the privacy of every
individual citizen of the country, provide legal rights to the workers/labors, owner of an intellectual property, opportunities for financial institutions to
expand their business, maintain the data security and integrity.
1.1 FISMA [1]
FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act) came into existence when Congress realized the importance of Information Security and it
included FISMA as a part of E – Government Act of 2002.
FISMA requires regulatory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's also known as a Financial Modernization act of 1999. This act allowed banks to engage in a wide array of financial services like merging with
stock brokerage and insurance companies, which also gave them way to possess a large amount of public and private client information. The
information is usually considered private and risk of misuse is high, therefore Title 5 of the GLBA specially addresses protecting both the privacy and
security of information.
1.4 PCI DSS
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards must be followed by any merchant who handles payment card details. The merchant must comply
with the PCI DSS rules in order to be approved and continue to accept online card payments. Failure to do so will place the merchant at risk of
having its license to take card payment revoked and will also be regarded as a disciplinary offense. Noncompliance is not an option!
The Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) releases the documents stating the standards to be maintained by different
merchants and issuing bodies.
The basic requirement to comply with PCI SSC are :
1) Build a secure network.
2) Protect the private data of the card holder.
22. 3) Maintain highly secure management programs.
4) Maintain strict access control measures.
5) Testing of network should be done regularly.
6) Maintain every Information Security Policy and guidelines.
1.5 HIPAA
HIPPA act 1996 is imposed on all
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23. Nessus Research Paper
Nessus is a top–notch vulnerability scanner produced by Tenable and is used by home and corporate users. Basically, it looks for bugs in your
software. It sets the standard for accuracy and scanning speed for vulnerability assessment. Nessus will test for security problems that a hacker may use
to get into your system. The Tenable research staff constantly designs programs to detect new vulnerabilities called plugins. Plugins use a set of generic
remediation actions and algorithms to test for vulnerabilities. (Tenable) It is written using Tenable's own NASL,Nessus Attack Scripting Language.
(TechTarget Network) The NASL language lets individual attacks be described simply bysecurity professionals. Nessus administrators use the NASL
to customize their own scans with the descriptions of the vulnerabilities. (TechTarget Network) It will ensure compliance and help reduce an
organization's attack surface. (Tenable) Nessus constantly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Your activation code will look similar to this: AB–CDE–1111–F222–3E4D–55E5–CD6F. The code can only be used once and can't be shared between
scanners. It is also case sensitive and must be used within 24 hours of the Nessus installation. Second, you need to download the Nessus program for
your computer system. Ensure you use Google chrome, Apple Safari, Firefox, or Internet Explorer, these browsers are supported by Nessus. Third,
you need to setup Nessus. Please note, when you deploy Nessus behind a NAT device or application proxy perform a credentialedscan. This scan will
help reduce getting false negative and positive results. You only deploy Nessus behind a NAT if you are scanning the internal network. As an example,
the installation instructions for Windows are listed below. (Tenable) You can also get installation instructions from the tenable website for your
particular
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24. Essay on Final Project
Security for Web Applications and Social Networking
Graded Assignments: Project
Project
Project Title
Transforming to an E–Business Model
Purpose
This project provides you an opportunity to assume a specific role in a business situation. You then apply the competencies gained in this course to
develop a solution for a business problem related to an organization's transformation to an e–business model.
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
You will be able to:
Gain an overall understanding of an e–business transformation capitalizing on the advent of the
Internet technologies and Web applications in a specific business situation.
Summarize your understanding of implementing social networking applications into an e–business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The senior management is committed to and supportive of this e–business transformation because of the potential of the e–business model to recognize
additional revenue streams, reduce costs, and improve customer service.
Project Part 1: Identify E–Business and E–Commerce Web Apps for Planned Transformation
Tasks
You have been assigned to identify e–business and e–commerce Web applications to support the proposed implementation. To do so, you must:
Research and analyze recent and emerging technologies that may assist in the transformation.
Recognize specific benefits and value to be realized through e–business Web applications.
Select e–business and e–commerce strategies to achieve the identified benefits and value.
Assess risks, threats, and vulnerabilities specific to the strategies chosen.
Explain the business impacts of the risks assessed.
25. Summarize the importance of security and privacy in relation to the impacts explained.
Develop a report detailing your findings and recommending specific strategies and applications for implementation.
Deliverables and format:
Submit your answer in a Microsoft Word document in not more than two pages.
Font: Arial 10 point size
Line Spacing: Double
–11–
Change Date: 01/09/2012
Security for Web Applications and Social Networking
Graded Assignments: Project
Project Part 2: Identify Social Networking Apps for Planned Transformation
Introduction
As covered throughout the unit, social
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26. Tjx It Security Breach
Part I: Description
In January of 2007 the parent company of TJMaxx and Marshalls known as TJX reported an IT security breach. The intrusion involved the portion of
its network that handles credit card, debit card, check, and merchandise return functions. Facts slowly began to emerge that roughly 94 million
customers' credit card numbers were stolen from TJMaxx and Marshalls throughout 2006. It was believed that hackers sat in the parking lots and
infiltrated TJX using their wireless network.
Most retailers use wireless networks to transmit data throughout the stores main computers and for credit card approval. The wireless data is in the air
and leaks out beyond the store's walls. TJX used an encryption code that was developed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, having the proper controls in place will mitigate the probability and impact. The cost to implement is insignificant compared to the potential
loss. This risk event was a wake–up call to many retailers, not just TJX.
Part IV: Controls
The control that failed to mitigate the risk event was using WEP encryption technology. It was sufficient when it was developed, but approximately 2
years later the code was cracked. TJX knew and failed to address the obsolete technology. As a retailer that accepts credit cards, it was later proved that
TJX was not compliant with PCI Security standards. PCI stands for payment card industry and credit card companies have developed this list of
security measures to help protect against theft.
TJX collected too much personal information, kept it too long and relied on weak security encryption. At the time of the breach, few retailers had
converted to WPA and didn't want t to spend the money to implement new security measures. As a preventative control TJX should have implement
WPA encryption technology. As a detective control, TJX should actively monitor and test their WLAN security. As a corrective control, TJX should
actively implement the following PCI standards:
Requirement 1: Install and maintain a firewall configuration to protect cardholder data
Requirement 2: Do not use vendor–supplied defaults for system passwords and other security parameters
Requirement 3: Protect stored
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27. Customer Privacy Of The Hospitality Service Industry Essay
The evolving technology that helps provide services efficiently, assists in workload and support employee function can also aid in customer privacy
issues and company espionage. With businesses moving from paper to digital, the risk of data breaches increases. Advancement in technology opens
the possibility of greater issues in privacy. In the hospitality industry where privacy is one of the top priorities, customers expect the utmost
confidentiality from this type of companies. The hospitality service industry is an easy target for data security infiltration. Hotel payment card data are
stored longer with the practice of booking rooms in advance. Moreover, credit card data are stored during the duration of the stay and even longer to
cover payments of restaurant bills and other services. Multiple hotel chains like Hyatt, Sheraton, Trump, Hilton and Mandarin Orinetal have admitted
to having their POS or point–of–sale systems hacked in 2015. POS systems are both the physical technology and software used in financial transactions
between the merchant and its customer. In situations where there is a breach in a hotel information system, hotels have their standard procedures on
how to handle these situations. Organisations involved also implement guidelines and requirements that are needed to ensure that data breach does not
happen or happen again.
Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, a hotel and leisure company with around 1,275 properties under multiple brands posted on its
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28. NCDOT DMV Case Study
Description: NCDOT DMV has a business and regulatory requirement to protect cardholder data. This mandatory requirement is stipulated within the
published Policy of the State of North Carolina, Department of Transportation, and the Payment Card Industry Security Standard Council and
supporting governance. Due to the volume of transactions achieved by NCDOT in processing payment cards for purchases, this requirement must be
validated annually through External Onsite Inspection. NCDOT's Official Kickoff was Monday, August 31, 2015. To date a tremendous amount of
preparatory work has been executed by the ISO with the assistance of teams spanning the entire NCDOT DMV. This year we must validate compliance
with approximately 300 requirements
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29. Explaining PCI DSS Compliance
The senior management has placed me, the information security analyst for UNFO, in charge of ensuring that our company will become PCI DSS
compliant before using any online applications that accept credit cards and personal information. I will also be in charge of training the management
team and others involved in the switch to PCI DSS compliance, so they have requested that I prepare a recommendation for explaining PCI DSS
compliance, how we can move through the compliance process and what will happen if we are not able to become compliant.
The major credit card companies formed the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council. This council was created to combat lack of security,
hackers, and misuse of cardholder information. The council
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30. Standards rely heavily on the network effect, which is the...
Standards rely heavily on the network effect, which is the idea that the effectiveness of a standard is based on the number of people who use it. As a
result, standards that are complicated to implement, especially ones dealing with technology, are heavily dependent on incentives in order to get a
sufficient amount of people to use it. Looking at PICS and PCI DSS, two Internet standards, where one succeeded and the other failed, we can see what
makes standards effective online.
Platform for Internet Control Selection (PICS) was an Internet standard formed by W3C in 1996 to allow parents to filter content, primarily nudity. It
was completely voluntary and up to the website owners themselves to label their own site. This is because the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Payment card industries must follow step–by–step instructions in order to have transactions accepted. So why do these demanding standards work?
As Larry Lessig mentions in Code is Law, there are four areas that influence policy: law, economy, architecture, and social norms. Working on a sole
standard together for security benefits everyone and is thus economical because the cost of losing customer data is enormous. On the other hand,
competition for filtering software can at worst lead some to filter less porn than others. After the Communications Decency Act, which tried to limit
obscenity and indecency on the web, was ruled unconstitutional, it removed all legal ramifications for not using PICS software. There is no reason to
limit information. On the flip side ignoring PCI could land a company in court for negligence. A strong and commonly used standard works well as a
legal benchmark for liability in protecting data.
The burden on the user also differs. Individuals are not expected to make sure their cards are PCI certified; the vetting process is done at a higher
level and simply offers the user a binary choice of using a protected card or not. PICS not only requires owners to rate their sites, but also requires
each user to choose what they find acceptable or not, placing much more burden on the individual.
Based on comparing where PCI succeeded and PICS failed, it appears that the core motivator is the law. The consequences of disobeying PCI
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31. Lakewood Case Summary
Lakewood's Security Requirement:Inprov's Policy/Procedure:Does Inprov Comply?Things Missing from Inprov's Policy:Extra Things Inprov is Doing:
Comply with all applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards. Assume? Assume?Secure Credit Card data per standards of the Payment Card
Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS). (1)Does not store any personally identifiable financial information. YES NONENONE
Provide periodic demonstrations of compliance with PCI DSS. ? NODoes not state any requirements of periodic demonstrations. NONE Limit access to
personal information and secure facilities with information storage or transmission capabilities. (1)Due care that transmission is appropriate.
(2)Access ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
YES NONE(1)Access restricted at file level.
(2)Security exceeds requirements of many federal laws.
Implement IT security and authentication methods covering networks, applications, database, and platform security. (1)Access restricted on both
service and file level with Access Control List.
(2)Uses state of the art firewall and FortiGuard Labs full suite of "Integrated Security Services.
(3)Secure servers which exceed requirements of HIPAA, Sarbanes–Oxley, etc. YES NONE (1)Access restricted at file level.
Security exceeds requirements of many federal laws.
Encrypt any highly–sensitive personal information transmitted or stored on mobile media. (1)Due care that transmission is appropriate. NO No
encryption is required. NONE
Strictly segregate personal information from all other information. ?NONo segregation is required. NONE
Lakewood's Security Requirement:Inprov's Policy/Procedure:Does Inprov Comply?Things Missing from Inprov's Policy:Extra Things Inprov is Doing:
Implement personnel security and integrity procedures, specifically background checks. ?NOPolicy does not state requirements for screening
employees or background checks.
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32. What Are The Disadvantages Of E-Commerce
1.1 Introduction The payment systems and protocols have been developed with the development of the electronic commerce. The current system of
payment is consisting of the merchant, customer, and the payment gateways, the procedure is that the merchant receives the information of the
customer's payment and forward this information to a payment gateway in order to process the payment. This procedure holds several risks to the
customer's information because of the ability of the merchant to save the information related to the customer and may misuse this information later.
The other possibility is that the information is compromised and the merchant is unaware when the information of the customer payment is forwarded
to a payment gateway. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Non–Technical Disadvantages The non–technical disadvantages of the application of E–commerce can be summarized by the following aspects:
The security and privacy issue, where it is hard to ensure the privacy or security over the online payments. The lack of feel or touch of products during
the online purchasing process. The initial cost of E–commerce, where the cost of creating and building of the E–commerce application in–house could
be a very high cost which could lead to a delay in the establishment and launching of E–commerce application because of mistakes, or lack of
experience. The resistance of users, where users might not trust the unknown faceless seller websites which will drive them to mistrust the seller and
make it difficult to switch from the physical stores to the virtual online stores. The access to the internet is still not cheap for some customers and still
inconvenient for many potential customers such as those customers living in the remote villages. The rapid changing and evolvement of the
E–commerce applications. 2.3 The E–commerce Business
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33. Heartland Payment Systems : Transaction Fee
Heartland Payment Systems
Transaction Fee: Undisclosed – interchange plus pricing
E–Commerce/Online Payments: Yes, Undisclosed– interchange plus pricing
POS Payments: Yes, Undisclosed– interchange plus pricing
Mobile/Wireless Payments: Yes, Undisclosed– interchange plus pricing
Mobile App Ratings:
Google Play Store: 4.1
Apple App Store: 4+
Time in Business: 1997
BBB: Accredited, A+, http://www.bbb.org/new
–jersey/business–reviews/credit–card–processing–service
/heartland–payment–systems–inc–in–princeton–nj–9002353
Introduction
Heartland Payment Systems, Inc. was founded in 1997 by Robert O. Carr. They are a Fortune 1000 company with headquarters in Princeton, New
Jersey who offers debit and credit cards, prepaid cards, credit card processing, mobile commerce, eCommerce, check processing, payroll services,
billing services, marketing services, lending services and state–of–the–art security technology. Additionally, they have a growing line of
industry–specific business facilitation options for small and mid–sized merchants.
Heartland is a NYSE–listed company (HPY) and they employ approximately 4,000 people around the country. Heartland is also the founder of the
Merchant Bill of Rights proposed by Senator Richard Durbin (D–IL) as part of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of
34. 2010 that places a cap on interchange or transaction fees.
Heartland is one of the largest credit card processors in the country and the ninth
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35. Evaluation Of Pci Dss Compliance Requirements
PCI DSS compliance requirements, imposes in a number of areas segregation of duties aiming to protect card holder data. The idea behind this
requirement is that, if more people are involved, the less likely that human error will occur and there is less chance to commit fraud or unintentional
damage from one person, therefore security will be maintained.
PCI DSS requires to have segregation of duties and separation of development and production environment, aiming to put limitations on accessing card
holder data and restrictions on moving data from one environment to other because of risk of exposing card holder data.
PCI DSS provide guidance on creating clear separation of data within the network, cardholder data should be isolated from the rest of the network,
which contains less sensitive information. To audit the PCI DSS compliance the following documents can be helpful: network policies and
procedures, documentation about network configuration, network devices, and network flow diagrams. There is no complete solution on how
organization should configure network and devices to ensure PCI DSS compliance, because every organization has its own business specifics and its
own technology, so we say that also segregation of duties is unique for every organization. But we also may conclude that segregation of duties
depends heavily on the network configuration and network devices and because of that one of areas of auditing for PCI DSS compliance is also
documentation and
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36. PCI Compliance Report
As an information security analyst, I have been tasked with identifying the need for compliance with Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards
(PCI DSS). A business accepting any amount of payment from credit cards is required to be in compliance. This report will provide a high–level
explanation of PCI compliance, how to move through the process, and consequences of noncompliance.
The PCI DSS is a set of policies and standards that was developed by major credit–card companies. These companies include Visa, Master Card,
Discover and American Express. These standards are not law, but are required in order to accept payments from clients that are holders of these types
of cards. The standards are aimed at providing security to the clients'
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37. Benefits Of Debit And Credit Card Payment
Debit and Credit card payments facility
Accepting card payments can have a tremendous positive effect on cash flow. Even if sales are not increasing, the business will still benefit from the
convenience of having the profits instantly delivered to a bank account. Furthermore, customers now expect to have the option to pay by card.
BHSF have periodically considered implementing a debit and credit card payment facility in order to accept payments from corporate clients and
policyholders, this topic was last reviewed by Ian Galer in 2015.
Ian's review identified WorldPay as a possible payment provider who can offer various payment collection methods. However, agent processing would
require the need for our call recording system to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Facilitate retrieving incorrect claims payments or when a policyholder has received a refund and returns the payment. These issues can be resolved
much swifter by card
DSTPolicyholders who may otherwise miss out on an incentive such as continuation of cover through the lapse process could pay back–payments via
card. This is an area of huge potential which is currently handled by a manual application and results in a poor return. Policyholders could make
advance payments for a new health cash plan (or any product), enabling them to secure cover for a set period of time which could be incentivised by
immediate benefit. Policyholders who leave their company could be given the option to pay their corporate rate in advance for a set period of time
(i.e. 12 months). Using the payment by link service, lapse emails could be sent rather than a lapse letter which would result in a substantial postal and
stationary saving.
2.WorldPay
WorldPay are the UK's leading payments provider and can provide a variety of payment services either directly to BHSF or in partnership with an
automated payments provider.
Services available:
Virtual terminal – credit and debit payments taken over the telephone using a secure web browser
Online payments gateway – taking online card payments through a secure online payments gateway
38. Pay by link – sending a payment link directly via email
Fee's for the above services are
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39. Credit Debit Card And Debit Cards
Before credit and debit cards were developed, merchants would issue a line of credit to customers who did not have the funds to purchase their items.
This credit processed involved using a ledger to record the amount owed for the items purchased. In today's vastly growing economy, credit and debit
card use plays an ever–present role in society. "Credit and debit card acceptance enables merchants to sell goods and services to customers who
increasingly choose electronic forms of payment over other payment types" ("Payments 101", 2010). Everything from purchasing house hold items
such as grocery's and furniture, to minimal tasks such as paying for parking for an hour, credit and debit cards provide people with more freedom
when it comes to having access to funds and making purchases. Along with the rise of credit and debit cards, in a computerized and technological
world where information is valuable, securing credit card information has its challenges. Validation and encryption are important practices that ensure
the security of debit and credit cards, and they play a key role in providing the customer with assurance that their funds and bank information is
confidential and secure. This paper will begin by explaining how credit and debit transactions take place and will go into further detail about the
security, validation, and encryption processes that take place throughout the transaction. For the purpose of this paper the term credit cards will refer to
both credit and
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40. Data Security Policy For Ecommerce Payment Card Applications
Data Security Policy for ecommerce Payment Card Applications
This record depicts the IT Security and IT Services strategies and practices for overseeing IT Services ' stage for University–facilitated ecommerce,
particularly installment card transactions, and the information identified with ecommerce. This arrangement is proposed to consent to the necessities
of the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard ("PCI DSS"). The PCI DSS is incorporated by reference in this; be that as it may, IT Security will
be the sole determinant of how PCI DSS ' necessities will be connected inside IT Services ' operations. This report will be yearly evaluated and
upgraded as proper to keep up agreeability with the PCI DSS.
For the reasons of this report, the ecommerce base comprises of the processing assets (i.e., servers, stockpiling, system and capacity switches, firewalls,
physical racks containing these, and related programming) that process, transmit, or store installment card information, or can straightforwardly get to
such assets. Servers that are a piece of the ecommerce foundation and any frameworks that can generally specifically get to processing assets that
contain installment cardholder information must be enlisted as directed machines.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
College faculty who access data assets that transmit, process, or store installment card information are in charge of the application of this and related
approaches. On account of foremen who oblige such get
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42. Submission Requirements
Use the following guidelines to submit this assignment:
Format: Use a standard word processor or presentation format compatible with Microsoft Word or
PowerPoint.
Font: Arial 10 point size
Line Spacing: Double
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43. Notes On Computer Network Security
INTRO TO COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY
TJX SECURITY BREACH
Harjot Kaur
ID 1705173
MADS 6697 V1
Mohamed Sheriff
July 10, 2016
Fairleigh Dickinson University, Vancouver
Table of contents
Introduction
TJX, the largest off‐price clothing retailer in the United States still suffers from the biggest credit‐card theft in history. The company lost 94
million credit and debit card numbers resulting in a huge amount of fraudulent transactions due to weak security systems in at least one store. In
addition, the customers lost believe in TJX‐ which led to a huge cut of sales.
Company overview
The TJX Companies, Inc. (NYSE: TJX), is an American clothing and home merchandise company situated in Framingham, Massachusetts. TJX was
established in 1976 and worked for eight free organizations in the off–price segment – T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, Homegoods, A.J. Wright and Bob 's
Stores in the United States, Winners and HomeSense in Canada and T.K. Maxx in Europe. it is the main off–value retailer of clothing and home styles
in the U.S. around the world, positioning No. 89 in the 2016 Fortune 500 postings, with $30.9 billion in revenues in 2015*, more than 3,600 stores in 9
nations, 3 e–commerce sites, and approximately 216,000 Associates.
Case background
TJX faced the largest online hack with about 94 million records lost in 2006. The company found in December 2006 about the breach and they were
under the belief that they had been losing data from past six to seven
45. Regulatory Standards Of The Federal Information Systems...
Within this writing assignment I will discuss the following regulatory requirements comprise of the Federal Information Systems Management Act
(FISMA), Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX), Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act, Payment Card Industry Standards (PCI DSS), Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Intellectual Property Law. I will also discusssecurity methods and controls which should be applied to ensure
compliance with the standards and regulatory requirements. I will explain the guidelines established by the Department of Health and Human Services,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and other agencies for ensuring compliance with these standards and regulatory
requirements.
During daily operations, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Title III of the E–Government Act, entitled the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) requires each federal agency to develop,
document, and implement an agency–wide program to provide information security for the information and systems that support the operations and
assets of the agency, including those provided or managed by another agency, contractor, or other sources (Staff, 2016). FISMA was amended by The
Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014. The amendment was established to modernize the Federal security practices to focus on
security concerns. The results of these changes will strengthen continuous monitoring, continue focusing on agency compliance, and report on issues
caused by security incidents. FISMA, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 and the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996
(Clinger–Cohen Act), clearly highlights the plans for a cost–effective security program. In support of and reinforcing this legislation, the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) through Circular A–130, "Managing Federal Information as a Strategic Resource,"1 requires executive agencies
within the federal government to:
Plan for security
Ensure that appropriate officials are assigned security responsibility
Periodically review the security controls in their systems
Authorize system processing prior to
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46. Essay about PCI Compliance
What is PCI Compliance?
PCI Compliance is maintaining adherence to the PCI DSS standard that was developed by major credit card companies as a "guideline to help
prevent credit card fraud" ("PCI DSS"). Credit card fraud has taken the spotlight in the past several years due to the massive growth of e–commerce
and online transaction processing. With the proliferation of e–businesses, it has become easier than ever to commit fraud over the internet.
Major credit card issuers such as MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Discover, and JCB International joined together to create a standard known as
PCI DSS or Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. In order to process credit card payments merchants and vendors are required to be ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In September of 2006 the PCI Data Security Standard was updated to version 1.1 which is currently in–use today. The PCI Security Council works to
promote the broad industry adoption of this standard, and also generates tools to assist companies in complying with these standards. Some of the tools
are guidelines, scanning requirements, and even a self–assessment questionnaire.
Before the PCI Security Council and Data Security Standard existed, each of the five credit card issuers had their own internal extensive compliance
policies. But vendors or merchants who wanted to process more than one type of credit card would have to comply with requirements defined by each
card issuer. By coming together under the umbrella of the PCI Security Council these major brands were able to codify their corporate standards into a
public standard, and place pressure on organizations that process credit transactions to protect cardholder data against fraud and theft.
The founding organizations not only developed this standard, but also incorporated these standards into their own data security compliance programs.
All five organizations share equally in governing the council; have equal input regarding issues; and all the organizations share responsibility for
maintaining the PCI Data Security Standard.
Case Study: TJX Companies
In March of 2007, just last year, TJX Companies, owner of TJ Maxx and Marshall's revealed the extent of damage of a number of
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