World Civ I Study Guide IDEAS & PERSONS: St. Augustine · A Manichean before he converted to Christianity · Bishop of Hippo (Early Neo-Platonism) · Doctrine of original Sin · Confessions – Christians biography (on desire) Early Christianity & Creeds · The spread of Christianity was prepared by Hellenization. · There were many different beliefs during the first Christian centuries. Judaism of Jesus’ day Neo-Platonism · Manicheism · Founded by Mani · Semi gnostic – dualists (light – God, and darkness – matter) · Support celibacy · Plotinus · The One (the God) · Godliness emanating power as the sun – emanates light · The Spirit – looks up to the One, which is an image, and down toward other thing · The Soul – look up and contemplate Gregory of the Great · Promotes ascetism (self discipline) Byzantium Empire · First Christian State · Shares much with the old roman empire (legal system) · Justinian (living bridge) (posses enormous spiritual power) (pagan temple torn down to built an enormous church) · Eastern orthodoxy (patriarch of constent noble)broke away from the roman catholic church Justinian I Ashoka · United all of northern India into a single empire. · He is honored for what he did after the victory over the Kalngsas. Converted to Buddhism and renounced warfare. He sent out ministers of dharma to administer the kingdom. Hinduism · Divinely endowed kingship were most useful to kings and Kshatriyas throughout South Asia. Buddha & Buddhism · Preferred the quiet and direct dharma of monasteries to the messiness of politics. · Embraced poverty and was oddly a route to general prosperity. Muhammad & Islam · Islamic community led by caliphs (sucessors) · Arab language unifies Muslims · See note Abbasids (Classic Islamic Civilazation) · Banu Abbas defeats Umayyads · With the help of the Prophet’s descendants and Persian Muslims · Baghdad-cultural center of Islamic world · Cosmopolitan age · “house of wisdom” Avicenna · The book of healing · Ontology as foundation of theology · The Oriental Philosophy · Source of school of illumination Averroes · The Commentator · The incoherence of the Incoherent · Combines Aristotle & Islam Sufism · Mystic understanding of footsteps of the Prophet & Ali · Monotheistic basis (Arise from God) · Transformation of the soul (see reality clearly – illumination) · Use of music ritual Christian Mystics · St Francis Assisi · Vow of poverty · Tried to convert the sultan · Received the stigmata · Meister Eckhart · Vernacular sermins · Neoplatic, apophatic thought with mysticism Mongol Invasions · Temujin-Genghis Khan (1162-1227): · Unified Mongols · Northern China/Central Asia invasions · Trade routes: “Pax Mongolica” · Hundred Years War (1337-1453) · Over territory in France (devastated France) · National identity of England & France Plague · Black death · About 1/3 population of the entire population of Europe · Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Crusades · See note Scholasticism & Aquinas · See notes Dante .

1. World Civ I Study Guide
IDEAS & PERSONS:
St. Augustine
· A Manichean before he converted to Christianity
· Bishop of Hippo (Early Neo-Platonism)
· Doctrine of original Sin
· Confessions – Christians biography (on desire)
Early Christianity & Creeds
· The spread of Christianity was prepared by Hellenization.
· There were many different beliefs during the first Christian
centuries.
Judaism of Jesus’ day
Neo-Platonism
· Manicheism
· Founded by Mani
· Semi gnostic – dualists (light – God, and darkness – matter)
· Support celibacy
· Plotinus
· The One (the God)
· Godliness emanating power as the sun – emanates light
· The Spirit – looks up to the One, which is an image, and down
toward other thing
· The Soul – look up and contemplate
Gregory of the Great
· Promotes ascetism (self discipline)
Byzantium Empire
· First Christian State
· Shares much with the old roman empire (legal system)
· Justinian (living bridge) (posses enormous spiritual power)
(pagan temple torn down to built an enormous church)
· Eastern orthodoxy (patriarch of constent noble)broke away
from the roman catholic church
Justinian I

2. Ashoka
· United all of northern India into a single empire.
· He is honored for what he did after the victory over the
Kalngsas. Converted to Buddhism and renounced warfare. He
sent out ministers of dharma to administer the kingdom.
Hinduism
· Divinely endowed kingship were most useful to kings and
Kshatriyas throughout South Asia.
Buddha & Buddhism
· Preferred the quiet and direct dharma of monasteries to the
messiness of politics.
· Embraced poverty and was oddly a route to general prosperity.
Muhammad & Islam
· Islamic community led by caliphs (sucessors)
· Arab language unifies Muslims
· See note
Abbasids (Classic Islamic Civilazation)
· Banu Abbas defeats Umayyads
· With the help of the Prophet’s descendants and Persian
Muslims
· Baghdad-cultural center of Islamic world
· Cosmopolitan age
· “house of wisdom”
Avicenna
· The book of healing
· Ontology as foundation of theology
· The Oriental Philosophy
· Source of school of illumination
Averroes
· The Commentator
· The incoherence of the Incoherent
· Combines Aristotle & Islam
Sufism

3. · Mystic understanding of footsteps of the Prophet & Ali
· Monotheistic basis (Arise from God)
· Transformation of the soul (see reality clearly – illumination)
· Use of music ritual
Christian Mystics
· St Francis Assisi
· Vow of poverty
· Tried to convert the sultan
· Received the stigmata
· Meister Eckhart
· Vernacular sermins
· Neoplatic, apophatic thought with mysticism
Mongol Invasions
· Temujin-Genghis Khan (1162-1227):
· Unified Mongols
· Northern China/Central Asia invasions
· Trade routes: “Pax Mongolica”
· Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
· Over territory in France (devastated France)
· National identity of England & France
Plague
· Black death
· About 1/3 population of the entire population of Europe
· Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
Crusades
· See note
Scholasticism & Aquinas
· See notes
Dante Aligheri
· See notes
Papal controversies
· Pope Innocent III & The Fourth Lateran Council
Scotus and Ockham

4. · John Dun Scotus
· Univocity of being rejects analogy
· Denies distinction between existence and essence
· Human Freedom/will
· Love over the intellect
· Split between reason and theology
· God determines the good by commanding it
· William of Ockham
· Rejected pope in secular matters (Christ only Head of Church)
· Franciscan poverty vs Church’s riches (Pope John XXII: 1249-
1334)
· Nominalism (via moderna) & faith (voluntarism)
· Only the truths of reason vested in individual things could be
known for certain.
China before and after Mongols
· See notes
Medieval Reformers before Reformation
· Girolama Savonarola (1452-1498)
· Florence, Republican freedom and religious reform
· Against Medicis & Pope Alexander VI
· Executed for rebellion
· Wycliff (1329-1384)
· Translated English Bible
· Disputed the validity of the sacraments
· Followers among the Lollards
· Priests should preach in English
· Jan Hus (1374-1415)
· Christ the only Head of the Church
· Scripture as sole authority
· Council of Constance
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5. · Bohemian Hussites (resistance: spiritual and political)