Rule Based Architecture System

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Rule-based systems are used as a way to store and manipulate knowledge to interpret information in a useful way. Often used in artificial intelligence applications and research.

Education

The document defines distributed and parallel systems. A distributed system consists of independent computers that communicate over a network to collaborate on tasks. It has features like no common clock and increased reliability. Examples include telephone networks and the internet. Advantages are information sharing and scalability, while disadvantages include difficulty developing software and security issues. A parallel system uses multiple processors with shared memory to solve problems. Examples are supercomputers and server clusters. Advantages are concurrency and saving time, while the main disadvantage is lack of scalability between memory and CPUs.

Distributed Database Management System

AAKANKSHA JAIN

Lecture 3 general problem solver

Student at University Of Malakand, Pakistan

File system structure

sangrampatil81

The document discusses the structure of file systems. It explains that a file system provides mechanisms for storing and accessing files and data. It uses a layered approach, with each layer responsible for specific tasks related to file management. The logical file system contains metadata and verifies permissions and paths. It maps logical file blocks to physical disk blocks using a file organization module, which also manages free space. The basic file system then issues I/O commands to access those physical blocks via device drivers, with I/O controls handling interrupts.

Lec 7 query processing

Md. Mashiur Rahman

This document discusses distributed query processing. It begins by defining what a query and query processor are. It then outlines the main problems in query processing, characteristics of query processors, and layers of query processing. The key layers are query decomposition, data localization, global query optimization, and distributed execution. Query decomposition takes a query expressed on global relations and decomposes it into an algebraic query on global relations.

Distributed shred memory architecture

Maulik Togadiya

Distributed shared memory (DSM) is a memory architecture where physically separate memories can be addressed as a single logical address space. In a DSM system, data moves between nodes' main and secondary memories when a process accesses shared data. Each node has a memory mapping manager that maps the shared virtual memory to local physical memory. DSM provides advantages like shielding programmers from message passing, lower cost than multiprocessors, and large virtual address spaces, but disadvantages include potential performance penalties from remote data access and lack of programmer control over messaging.

Machine learning Lecture 2

Srinivasan R

The document summarizes key concepts in machine learning including concept learning as search, general-to-specific learning, version spaces, candidate elimination algorithm, and decision trees. It discusses how concept learning can be viewed as searching a hypothesis space to find the hypothesis that best fits the training examples. The candidate elimination algorithm represents the version space using the most general and specific hypotheses to efficiently learn from examples.

AI: Learning in AI

DataminingTools Inc

Neural networks can be used for machine learning tasks like classification. They consist of interconnected nodes that update their weight values during a training process using examples. Neural networks have been applied successfully to tasks like handwritten character recognition, autonomous vehicle control by observing human drivers, and text-to-speech pronunciation generation. Their architecture is inspired by the human brain but neural networks are trained using computational methods while the brain uses biological processes.

Transaction concept, ACID property, Objectives of transaction management, Types of transactions, Objectives of Distributed Concurrency Control, Concurrency Control anomalies, Methods of concurrency control, Serializability and recoverability, Distributed Serializability, Enhanced lock based and timestamp based protocols, Multiple granularity, Multi version schemes, Optimistic Concurrency Control techniques

OLAP & DATA WAREHOUSE

Zalpa Rathod

Mining single dimensional boolean association rules from transactional

ramya marichamy

The document discusses mining frequent itemsets and generating association rules from transactional databases. It introduces the Apriori algorithm, which uses a candidate generation-and-test approach to iteratively find frequent itemsets. Several improvements to Apriori's efficiency are also presented, such as hashing techniques, transaction reduction, and approaches that avoid candidate generation like FP-trees. The document concludes by discussing how Apriori can be applied to answer iceberg queries, a common operation in market basket analysis.

Knowledge representation in AI

Vishal Singh

The document discusses different types of knowledge that may need to be represented in AI systems, including objects, events, performance, and meta-knowledge. It also discusses representing knowledge at two levels: the knowledge level containing facts, and the symbol level containing representations of objects defined in terms of symbols. Common ways of representing knowledge mentioned include using English, logic, relations, semantic networks, frames, and rules. The document also discusses using knowledge for applications like learning, reasoning, and different approaches to machine learning such as skill refinement, knowledge acquisition, taking advice, problem solving, induction, discovery, and analogy.

Rule based system

Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu

A rule-based system uses predefined rules to make logical deductions and choices to perform automated actions. It consists of a database of rules representing knowledge, a database of facts as inputs, and an inference engine that controls the process of deriving conclusions by applying rules to facts. A rule-based system mimics human decision making by applying rules in an "if-then" format to incoming data to perform actions, but unlike AI it does not learn or adapt on its own.

Communication primitives

Student

This document discusses two common models for distributed computing communication: message passing and remote procedure calls (RPC). It describes the basic primitives and design issues for each model. For message passing, it covers synchronous vs asynchronous and blocking vs non-blocking primitives. For RPC, it explains the client-server model and how stubs are used to convert parameters and return results between machines. It also discusses binding, parameter passing techniques, and ensuring error handling and execution semantics.

Karthi Keyan

This document discusses various strategies for register allocation and assignment in compiler design. It notes that assigning values to specific registers simplifies compiler design but can result in inefficient register usage. Global register allocation aims to assign frequently used values to registers for the duration of a single block. Usage counts provide an estimate of how many loads/stores could be saved by assigning a value to a register. Graph coloring is presented as a technique where an interference graph is constructed and coloring aims to assign registers efficiently despite interference between values.

Distributed DBMS - Unit 6 - Query Processing

Gyanmanjari Institute Of Technology

directory structure and file system mounting

rajshreemuthiah

This document discusses directory structures and file system mounting in operating systems. It describes several types of directory structures including single-level, two-level, hierarchical, tree, and acyclic graph structures. It notes that directories organize files in a hierarchical manner and that mounting makes storage devices available to the operating system by reading metadata about the filesystem. Mounting attaches an additional filesystem to the currently accessible filesystem, while unmounting disconnects the filesystem.

Code optimization in compiler design

Kuppusamy P

The document discusses code optimization techniques in compilers. It covers the following key points: 1. Code optimization aims to improve code performance by replacing high-level constructs with more efficient low-level code while preserving program semantics. It occurs at various compiler phases like source code, intermediate code, and target code. 2. Common optimization techniques include constant folding, propagation, algebraic simplification, strength reduction, copy propagation, and dead code elimination. Control and data flow analysis are required to perform many optimizations. 3. Optimizations can be local within basic blocks, global across blocks, or inter-procedural across procedures. Representations like flow graphs, basic blocks, and DAGs are used to apply optimizations at

Uml class-diagram

ASHOK KUMAR PALAKI

Memory management

Vishal Singh

The document discusses memory management techniques used in operating systems. It describes logical vs physical addresses and how relocation registers map logical addresses to physical addresses. It covers contiguous and non-contiguous storage allocation, including paging and segmentation. Paging divides memory into fixed-size frames and pages, using a page table and translation lookaside buffer (TLB) for address translation. Segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments based on a program's logical structure. Virtual memory and demand paging are also covered, along with page replacement algorithms like FIFO, LRU and optimal replacement.

Knowledge representation

Md. Tanvir Masud

4.2 spatial data mining

Krish_ver2

This document discusses spatial data mining and its applications. Spatial data mining involves extracting knowledge and relationships from large spatial databases. It can be used for applications like GIS, remote sensing, medical imaging, and more. Some challenges include the complexity of spatial data types and large data volumes. The document also covers topics like spatial data warehouses, dimensions and measures in spatial analysis, spatial association rule mining, and applications in fields such as earth science, crime mapping, and commerce.

Distributed file system

Anamika Singh

The document discusses key concepts related to distributed file systems including: 1. Files are accessed using location transparency where the physical location is hidden from users. File names do not reveal storage locations and names do not change when locations change. 2. Remote files can be mounted to local directories, making them appear local while maintaining location independence. Caching is used to reduce network traffic by storing recently accessed data locally. 3. Fault tolerance is improved through techniques like stateless server designs, file replication across failure independent machines, and read-only replication for consistency. Scalability is achieved by adding new nodes and using decentralized control through clustering.

Parallel Database

VESIT/University of Mumbai

The document discusses parallel databases and their architectures. It introduces parallel databases as systems that seek to improve performance through parallelizing operations like loading data, building indexes, and evaluating queries using multiple CPUs and disks. It describes three main architectures for parallel databases: shared memory, shared disk, and shared nothing. The shared nothing architecture provides linear scale-up and speed-up but is more difficult to program. The document also discusses measuring performance improvements from parallelization through speed-up and scale-up.

Developing Knowledge-Based Systems

Ashique Rasool

This document discusses knowledge-based systems (KBS), including: - KBS deal with unstructured knowledge and can justify decisions and learn. - Developing KBS is difficult due to high costs, limited expert availability, and risky investments. - A common KBS development model involves requirements, design, implementation, testing, and knowledge acquisition in multiple rounds. - Knowledge acquisition involves eliciting, representing, and updating knowledge from domain experts.

Target language in compiler design

Muhammad Haroon

Web Mining & Text Mining

Hemant Sharma

Web mining is the application of data mining techniques to extract knowledge from web data, including web content, structure, and usage data. Web content mining analyzes text, images, and other unstructured data on web pages using natural language processing and information retrieval. Web structure mining examines the hyperlinks between pages to discover relationships. Web usage mining applies data mining methods to server logs and other web data to discover patterns of user behavior on websites. Text mining aims to extract useful information from unstructured text documents using techniques like summarization, information extraction, categorization, and sentiment analysis.

State Space Representation and Search

Hitesh Mohapatra

- A state space consists of nodes representing problem states and arcs representing moves between states. It can be represented as a tree or graph. - To solve a problem using search, it must first be represented as a state space with an initial state, goal state(s), and legal operators defining state transitions. - Different search algorithms like depth-first, breadth-first, A*, and best-first are then applied to traverse the state space to find a solution path from initial to goal state. - Heuristic functions can be used to guide search by estimating state proximity to the goal, improving efficiency over uninformed searches.

Wireless Technology Proj spec

Rule Based Architecture System

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