2. Lesson 5: Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are verbs whose past and past participle forms are not made by
adding -ed or -d to the present form.
(Group 1) hurt
The forms of the present,past, and
past participle are all the same.
(Group 2) bring
The forms of the past and
past participle are the same.
(Group 3) bite
Past participle is formed by
adding -n or -en to the past form.
(Group 4) drive
Past participle is formed from
the present, by adding -n or -en.
(Group 5) begin
The last vowel changes from 'i' in
the present, to 'a' in the past, to 'u'
in the past participle.
*See chart on pages 98-99 for how to form the past and past participle forms of many irregular verbs.
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3. 1. Transportation (beginned, began) before civilization.
2. For centuries, people walked and (runned, ran) everywhere.
3. They first (rode, rided) is dugout canoes and reed boats nearly 10,000 years ago.
4. They (letted, let) animals carry their loads by 3,000 B.C.
5. They (drived, drove) chariots with solid wheels by 2,500 B.C.
6. They (dug, digged) canals for ship traffic soon thereafter.
7. Spoked wheels (maked, made) their appearance around 2,000 B.C.
8. The Greeks (built, builded) light, fast ships around 400 B.C.
9. The Roman Empire (saw, seen) advances in road building.
10. In A.D. 80, Roman gladiators in the Colosseum (rose, raised) to the arena on an
elevator-like lifting platforms.
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