Aircraft Carriers Research Paper

Aircraft Carriers Research Paper
Aircraft carriers are essentially the backbone of the United States Navy as they are a hybrid warship
with the unique ability to provide the greatest projection of power through the aircraft launched off
of their 4.5 acre flight decks. Beyond their vital aircraft launching capabilities, they support the
largest number of crew members over any other class of ship making them a powerhouse for almost
any mission type designated to them. With the aircraft carrier holding the title of being the flagship
and most valued asset of the United States Navy also comes the accompanying hefty price tag of
production and running costs. All that the aircraft carriers offer may also be their demise as they
slowly become too expensive to maintain and consequently ... Show more content on
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6). Although the carriers have adequately carried out their missions during their decades of service,
constant repairs are signaling the end of their lifespan. Furthermore, significant advancements in
technology have necessitated a successor class. The flagship for the new Ford class, the USS Gerald
R. Ford, comes with a hefty price tag of $13.5 billion (Hendrix, At What Cost a Carrier? 6). For the
price, the Ford class carriers come with an improved aircraft launch system which increases its
potential sortie rate to 160 a day, which translates to a "33 percent increase in launch capacity" from
its predecessor (Hendrix, At What Cost a Carrier? 6). An aircraft carrier is only as effective as its air
wing. Therefore the potential sortie number for a carrier versus its cost can accurately be used to
determine the effectiveness of the carrier. When comparing the Ford class to the Nimitz class,
Hendrix argues that "the nation is paying nearly 94 percent more for a carrier that can only do 33
percent more work" (At What Cost a Carrier? 6). Although some members of the Navy believe the
increase in the output of the new Ford class carriers to be significant enough to justify the increase
in cost. This is reflected in their willingness to have the
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Essex Class Aircraft Carriers Essay
During World War II there were 24 Essex class aircraft carriers. The Essex class Carriers were built
to last in the harshest conditions. During the war there were no Essex Class Ships lost although there
were many attempts to down them. After WWII many of the Essex Class Ships were
recommissioned as reserve Carriers. Today there are 4 Essex Class Ships remaining, and they're
used as museums. The USS Franklin was nicknamed "Big Ben." The USS Franklin was hit twice by
bombs and once by a Kamikaze pilot. They had 4 12 x 127 mm L/38s, one 32x40mm L/56, and one
44x20mm gun as armament(Chen). The USS Franklin was full of gas and bombs. They had 36,000
gallons of gas and 30 ton of bombs. When the USS Franklin was hit, the gas and the bombs ignited
causing it to explode even more than just the bombs. The fires on the ship were massive and it took
them 2,344 tons of water to fight the fires(Chen). That's 630566 gallons of water. The captain of the
USS Franklin, Leslie E. Gehres, he refused to say his ship was a gonner. It took them nearly ten
hours to get the fires under control. The attacks caused 832 deaths and wounded 300, that's one third
of the ship's crew members. USS Essex was the first Essex class ship to be deployed. The USS
Essex was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Intrepid was initially sent out for island raids. On February 17 the Intrepid was damaged by a
torpedo fired from a Japanese aircraft. The ship able to sail home under it's own power, with help
from a jury–rig sail to keep the ship on course. After the ship was repaired it returned to the war. On
November 25 the Intrepid was attacked again this time by two kamikazes. The ship then sailed back
to the us where it was repaired again. The ship was repaired by mid February and returned back to
active duty. While attacking the Japanese the Intrepid was hit by a kamikaze pilot. After this hit the
ship was ordered back to the US and did not deploy in World War II

How the Battle of Midway was the Turning Point of WW2 for...
In May of 1942, Japanese Admiral Isorosku Yamamoto devised a plan to draw the US Pacific fleet
into battle where he could completely destroy it. To accomplish this master plan of his, he sought
out the invasion of Midway Island which would provide a base for the Japan troops to attack
Hawaii. Unfortunately for Yamamoto, America decrypted Japanese radio transmissions and Admiral
Chester Nimitz was able to establish a counter attack against this offensive. Nimitz sent three
aircraft carriers, The USS Enterprise, The USS Hornet and The USS Yorktown to destroy the
Japanese. This is just a short overview of The Battle of Midway, or as commonly referred to as, the
battle that changed the war. People argue that it had no affect on the war, but ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It was a severe psychological shock to the nation of Japan. The Army thought Japan's main interest
was in the war in China and defending Manchuria against the Soviet Union. Its support for the
Navy's southern strategy was limited due to the fact that it conflicted with its interests and was the
reason many Army divisions were willing to divide. This indifference was the decline of the
influence of the Naval General Staff over the planning of naval strategy of the Combined Fleet
under Admiral Yamamoto. This was in due to the personality of Yamamoto and his low opinion of
the Chief of the Naval General Staff, as well as his opinion after the success of the attack on Pearl
Harbor
. What might have been a major strategic opportunity wound up being nothing, as the Germans
offered no proposals for joint operations under the new Tripartite Axis agreement. It was important
that the Japanese lure the remainder of the US Pacific Fleet to battle around Midway and that the
Imperial Navy achieve a strategic victory as Yamamoto believed that Japan could then offer peace to
the United States from a position of strength. Yamamoto added Carrier Division 5 to the naval forces
assigned to the operation which increased the risks to the Midway operation. The Combined Fleet
plan was finalized and presented to the Naval General Staff on April 2. Yamamoto played the
resignation card as he strongly

The Battle Of Midway Saw The Sinking Of The Japanese Carriers
The battle of Midway saw the sinking of the Japanese carriers, Akagi; Soryu; Hiryu and Kaga as
well as the cruiser Mikuma. The American navy lost one carrier which was the USS Yorktown. The
Battle resulted in the deaths of 2500 Japanese navy men and 307 deaths to the American navy. The
Japanese had lost invaluable sailors in the battle as the crew on board the aircraft carriers were
highly trained and had many years of experience working on the complex carriers.(Source E) So
when the Japanese started to build new aircraft carriers they found that it was difficult to appoint
crew has many had not enough experience, this heavily delayed and cost the Japanese as by this
stage the American army had begun their campaign in taking back the islands the Japanese had
taken over months before. Since 1930 the Japanese conquests with the Chinese had cause ever
increasing friction with the US. From the early 1940s America had banned exports of strategic
materials such as scrap iron and metal to the Japanese Empire, then in 1941 they lead and oil
embargo and froze all of the Japanese assets. This had huge effects on the Japanese Empire as they
imported 90% of their oil. Because of this the Japanese leadership made the decision to invade and
take over neighbouring territories and take their resources which Japan lacked. But before this could
be done they faced a great and powerful obstacle, the American naval fleet at Hawaii's Pearl
Harbour. And thus this lead to Japan's attack on Pearl

Battle Of Iwo Jima During World War II
Mary Kathryn Mclaughlin
Mrs. Sehorn and Mr. Hills
1st History and 2nd English
11 March 2015
Battles in the Pacific In World War II, there were numerous Battles in the Pacific ocean. Some were
scary and
some were bloody and some were quiet and some were loud, but most of all some were deadly,
life threatening. The troops that had to go out and fight the battles were brave. Especially
to go fight on water in boats and submarines and in the air with planes. You would never know
when you were go to get shot down or lose your life. It would be a surprise if you live and
miracle perhaps.
The Battle of Iwo Jima
One of the most bloodiest battles in World War II is Iwo Jima (Chenoweth 234). It began
at 2:00 on February 19,1945 in the Pacific ocean on the island of Iwo Jima, 650 miles from
Tokyo (The Battle–Japan, Battle of Iwo Jima). Soldiers say that the first day of the war was the
worst because so many casualties had happened so many loved ones were lost (Chenoweth 237).
The bodies were all over the place. 30,000 U.S. marines landed on the shore the first day. The
first soldiers were attacked by the Japanese (World war II). There were 22,000 soldiers under

Lieutenant– General Kuribayashi (The Battle of Iwo). 6,800 American Soldiers lost their life in
this battle(World War II).
In Iwo Jima, they used a lot of weapons. They used flamethrowers, tanks, machine guns
and artillery (Battle of Iwo Jima). Colonel Baron Takeichi Nishi used

The Media And Its Impact On The Modern Era
Advertisements have become one of the most prevalent forms of art in the modern era; such that ad
executives have become the artists of this new age. They paint the walls with thought–provoking
and attention grabbing advertisements designed to steal the audience 's attention and sell them a
product but more importantly a life style. Consumers' numbness to words like best, better, or
stronger has forced advertisements to evolve in a dynamic manner. Thus almost all streets and TV
screens are painted with streaks of Aristotle's ethos, pathos, and logos. These weapon of persuasion
were forged centuries ago, but because there potency is still effective they are still in use today.
Hardee's (Carl's Jr.), is one company that does this well. They use ads that capitalize on the sexuality
of women and invoke a sense of patriotism. A specific example of this is their The All–American
Thick Burger ad. By capitalizing on sexuality and patriotism, the ad outlines its target audience as
young, red blooded, 'Merican men. The ad uses strong pathos, powerful ethos, and limited logos in
order to effectively sell the Thickburger to the above specified audience The ad starts with a close up
on the burger. The burger is then brought into full view and shown to have a hot dog link (cut in half
running parallel to each other in supine position) and potato chips (Lay 's original kettle cooked) as
an additional garnish to the regular lettuce, tomatoes, onions, ketchup, and mustard. The camera

The United States Of The American Dream
I Believe in Service to Your Country I often hear that destiny has been predetermined for each
individual. On the other hand, I prefer to believe that I control my own. My brother, sister, and I are
first generation in this great country. The opportunity to reach the American dream was presented to
my parents and they graciously took advantage. Every day I am grateful to have been born in this
country, and always knew that one day I would serve the United States of America. The clock ticked
away, and the time to face the inevitable had arrived. I was twenty–one years old when I stepped
into the Navy recruiter's office. I was set on a speedy course to find a field for me in the military,
and soon I was on a plane towards Great Lakes, Illinois. One month exactly had passed, from when
I signed my contract to when I stepped into the Recruit Training Command in Great Lakes. When I
trained in boot camp, I had been introduced to new values and beliefs. Hard work and dedication
were a requirement everyday with no exceptions. I had met fellow sailors from all over the U.S and
even other countries. I had instantly found my call, and could not get enough of the new elements I
was introduced to. For the first time in my life, I was assigned to be a leader and I naturally took to
the assignment. The formula was simple, exercise hard, keep a pristine uniform, and be loud and
proud. I was assigned the rate of Aviation Ordnanceman, and after three months I made my way to
Pensacola,

The Battle of Coral Sea Essay
The Battle of Coral Sea was the first major sea battle between allied fleet forces, including those of
the United States and Australian Navies, and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II.
Pivotal in terms of allied naval fleet operations during the war, the Battle of Coral Sea was also the
first naval battle that featured opposing air craft carriers in close proximity to each other, resulting in
air battles initiated by sea, rather than from traditional land bases. The following provides relevant
details. The plan calling for expansion of Japanese forces throughout the Pacific theater was
developed by the IJN and Japanese Army. As detailed by Stille, "This called for a series of
sequenced operations designed to bring key ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This had the effect of reducing the contingent of allied aircraft carriers in the Pacific by half. Hence,
when the Japanese launched their next offensive in the Southern Pacific, the IJN fleet would now be
augmented with carrier support, while U.S Naval forces suffered from a reduction in the same
support vital to their mission of defending a major Japanese offensive (Stille 8). Prior to the
upcoming Coral Sea battle, a number of Japanese military messages had been intercepted by the
U.S. Navy signals intelligence unit. The first, dated March 28, 1942, was encoded as stating "The
objective of MO will be first to restrict the enemy fleet movements and will be accomplished by
means of attacks on the north coast of Australia." ("Battle of the Coral Sea") Subsequent messages
were intercepted that provided allied forces with updated details concerning IJN fleet progress, as
well as elements of IJN plans that included battleship and carrier logistics. This resulted in the U.S.
Navy's deployment of a cotillion of numerous warships and support craft, and also the carriers
Lexington and Yorktown ("Battle of the Coral Seas"). In the upcoming battle, these ships would do
battle against a superior IJN force comprised of far more battleships, submarines and support craft,
as well as aircraft carriers. While the events leading up to the battle have been

Tv-8 Research Paper
the obsolete and under gunned Douglas Devastators torpedo planes. They had not received a lot of
flight training in their ten months in the navy. Most members had never taken off of a carrier
carrying a torpedo but just six weeks earlier they had watch Doolittle's B–25 bombers take off the
Hornet for the raid on Tokyo. If Doolittle's pilots could take off in a bomber, the members of VT–8
could handle taking off with a torpedo. A Japanese task force was threatening Midway Island and a
battle to stop them was expected to occur tomorrow. Waldron told them not to worry about
navigation but to just follow him. Waldron finished his briefing by handing out a mimeographed
message which concluded with "If there is only one plane left to make a final run–in, I want that
man to go in and get a hit." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dive bombers and fighter stayed on the due west course they were given and never found the
Japanese. Waldron felt the given course was wrong and changed to a course which took VT–8
directly to the Japanese carriers. TV–8 attacked the Japanese carriers without any fighter protection.
The Japanese fighters flying cover high above their carriers pounced like ferrous hawks diving on
defenseless plump pigeons. The planes of VT–8 began to spout smoke and flames and crashed into
the ocean one after another until only the plane of Ensign George Gay remained to carry the attack
home. He released his

Pacific Warfare: The Battle of Midway Essay
Pacific Warfare World War II was a horrific time in not only in the United States, but throughout the
entire world. There were horrendous things going on in Europe at this time. World War II began in
1939. The Battle of Midway had a great impact on World War II. The Battle of Midway was a battle
between America and Japan; Germany was not involved in this. By examining why Japan attempted
to take control over Midway, Japan's plan, and the battle itself, a connection can be made to The
Battle of Midway and its effects on World War II. The Battle of Midway was a huge part in World
War II. The Battle of Midway began because of the Japanese. Japan wanted to gain more land in the
1930s. The Japanese needed to overpower lands and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is what caused Japan to attack Midway. They did not want to get attacked again by American
air forces. Japan had thought of a very simple plan to attack Midway, but it would be difficult to
execute perfectly. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was given permission to come up with the plan and
lead the attack on Midway. He was the one to do this because he thought of the attack on Pearl
Harbor. The Japansese plan consisted of two parts, Operation AL and Operation MI. Operation AL
was actually hundreds of miles away from Midway. This part of the plan was a strategy that was
made to pull in many ships to the Aleution Islands. If this were to happen successfully, many
American forces would be in the north and not defending Midway. Operation MI was the attack on
Midway. The Japanese would destroy Midway and then would attack any other U.S. forces that
came later to help defend Midway (White 5). The Battle of Midway began on June 4, 1942. The
group of Japanese ships, called the Main Body, sat and waited in the water for the American forces.
Earlier, Americans discovered coded messages that were sent between Japanese ships and bases.
Admiral Nimitz signalled that every Ameircan ship should come to Pearl Harbor if possible. The
Americans now knew how big the Japanese army was and that the Japanese would attack Midway.
The Americans now had lookouts out on the water and in the airs

The Battle Of The Coral Sea
The Battle of the Coral Sea has been addressed by several interviews from people who have
participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea. This battle included aircraft carriers that engaged each
other with the advantage of aviation assets. These aircraft carriers did not have the technology to see
each other, so they relied significantly on the use of aviation assets. These aviation assets acted as
artillery reconnaissance for the ships to engage the Japanese. This four day battle starting on four
May 1942 was a major naval battle that was conducted in the Pacific Theater during World War II
(WWII). The Battle of the Coral Sea consisted of the Japanese Navy, the United States, and
Australia. The significance of aviation assets contributed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This battle was important for a few reasons. It consisted of a carrier versus carrier battle which was
the first in history as neither Japan nor the United States detected each other at sea. (Tulley.,2005).
Considering neither side actually won this battle, it was considered a turning point in the Pacific. For
the first time, the Allies had stopped the Japanese advance. Then again, the Japanese had some
victories while they still experienced a series of losses. These defeats included Midway one month
later, which was a major United States victory. Moreover, a few months after the Japanese attack on
the United States at Pearl Harbor and almost a month before the battle at Midway, the Battle of the
Coral Sea was one of the first aircraft carrier related conflicts that was conducted in the Pacific
during World War II. The Battle of the Coral Sea resulted in being a game changer in the Pacific.
Main Body During the Pacific war, the Battle of Midway has been known as a key battle in the
Pacific. In contrast, the Battle of the Coral Sea which happened a month earlier, the three United
States aircraft carriers would have faced seven Japanese carriers that had devastated Pearl Harbor
five months earlier. With that being said, instead of only four carriers, the Battle of Midway may
have ended differently. This battle resulted the world's first all aircraft carrier conflict at sea. It was
also the first sea battle

The Battle Of Midway During World War II Essay
The Battle of Midway was fought from June 3rd to June 5th, 1942 between the Japanese and United
States during World War II. The end result of this battle was the destruction of four Japanese
carriers, two cruisers, three destroyers, and two–hundred and ninety–two aircraft by U.S. fighters
and dive bombers. Conversely, the U.S. only lost a carrier, the USS Yorktown, a destroyer, the USS
Hammann, and 145 aircraft. Unlike previous battles which were fought through traditional tactics,
the Battle of Midway was fought with unconventional tactics that resulted in a turning point for
United States Naval power worldwide. Through the development of new tactics, refined
intelligence, the weakness of the Japanese plan, and Japanese over confidence the Battle of Midway
was a turning point for U.S. sea power.
The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the Pacific War not only because the U.S. was
advanced in their new tactical capabilities, but also because they had crushed a tested and
undefeated Japanese Navy that was projected to win. The U.S. set a new standard for themselves by
integrating aircraft carriers into its fleet and was able to strike at a moment's notice from a much
closer range than the land–based aircraft. The effective range of the fleet's strike arm had grown so
big that navies could now engage without ever sighting each other, just as they had in the Coral Sea.
Every element involved in this battle was able to make it the most impactful naval battle in
American

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics...
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management
Emerald Article: International logistics and one–stop shopping Janjaap Semeijn, David B. Vellenga
Article information:
To cite this document: Janjaap Semeijn, David B. Vellenga, (1995),"International logistics and one–
stop shopping", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 25 Iss:
10 pp. 26 – 44 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039510101780
Downloaded on: 01–04–2012 References: This document contains references to 27 other documents
Citations: This document has been cited by 2 other documents To copy this document:
permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 2086 times.
Access ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
25 No. 10, 1995, pp. 26–44. © MCB University Press, 0960–0035
A preliminary version of this article was presented at the Western Decision Sciences Conference in
Maui, Hawaii, in April 1994.
Limitation The total number of integrated carriers which are in a position to provide onestop
shopping for international logistics to US shippers is estimated to number less than 30 worldwide.
The data obtained reflect the perceptions of ten of these carriers, yet they cannot provide the
statistical and analytical comfort that a survey of a larger population would yield. This study,
therefore, should be considered exploratory in nature, rather than providing conclusive results.
Definitions of one–stop shopping The term one–stop shopping, to describe total logistics service
packages, found usage in trade journals and carrier sales literature during the 1980s. Mahoney[10]
describes one–stop shopping as:
The multimodal carrier promises to become a transportation supermarket, where the shipper will be
able to satisfy all needs with "One–Stop Shopping". The shipper's shopping list will be fulfilled with
simplified documents from origin to destination and the shipper will receive an audited
computerized printout, just like the housewife at the checkout counter.
Logistics and one–stop shopping 27
Vellenga, et al.[9] associate one–stop shopping with: the image of a customer seeking to find
transportation enterprise that will accept the shipment, choose the most

Theu.s. Navy And Naval Aviation
The day Japan attacked Pearl Harbor is "a date which will live in infamy." It is the day that would
change the course of the U.S. Navy and Naval Aviation. Prior to the attack, Japan invaded nearby
Southeast Asian countries, like French Indochina, because it needed natural resources to maintain its
military, and industry. The United States embargoed and froze Japan's assets, so Japan did not have
the resources that it needed, especially oil. Japan was in dire need of these resources and planned to
attack the United States Pacific Fleet stationed in Pearl Harbor because it was the only force capable
of challenging the Japanese Navy. Without this force, the United States would struggle to be on the
offensive and to win against the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2 Japan wanted to capture capture the Philippines not only because of its abundant resources but
also because a substantial U.S. military force was there, threatening the Japanese and allowing the
U.S to have an overseas base of operations in the Pacific Theater. When Japan invaded the
Philippines, General Douglas MacArthur was in command of the Commonwealth forces there.
3After the Japanese landed in Luzon, the Philippines' largest island, General MacArthur withdrew to
the Bataan Peninsula to reorganize a proper resistance for the Japanese invaders by delaying the
Japanese invasion force and waiting to be relieved by American forces.4 However, MacArthur was
ordered by President Roosevelt to move to Australia and the American–Filipino force was left under
the command of Lieutenant General Wainwright and Major General King, both of whom
surrendered weeks later to the Japanese forces. 5 This marked the end of the Battle for the
Philippines. However, this end marked the horrific march of U.S. and Filipino prisoners, known as
the "Bataan Death March," during which 600 Americans and 10,000 Filipino prisoners were killed.
Now that Japan was on the offensive, the Japanese military went on to capture the Dutch East
Indies, Singapore, Malay Burma, and many other South East Asian

Origin Of The Tokyo Raid
Origin of the Tokyo Raid
In the late 1930's to early 1940's tension between the United States and Japan was rising. Japan
invaded China and by 1931 was at war with China (Scott, 2015). The United States opposed the
invasion and ceased to give Japan oil, equipment, and fuel. Dependent on the United States for oil,
Japan saw this as an act of aggression. Japan started to invade western countries territories in the
Pacific in order to get resource needed for war with China. Japan was certain this would draw the
United States into a war. In order to prevent the United States from interfering they decided to attack
the United States Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (Scott, 2015).
Once President Franklin D. Roosevelt heard of the news in Hawaii, he immediately gathered his
staff to discuss the next course of action. The decision was made to address Congress the following
day to declare war on Japan. Further meetings were held to plan an attack on Japan (Scott, 2015).
President Roosevelt wanted an attack as soon as possible in the heart of Japan. He wanted to crush
and demoralize the Japanese people's will to fight, and to send a message that the United States can
attack them at their home (Doolittle & Glines, 1991).
President Roosevelt turned to his military advisors to figure out a way to complete the attack.
President Roosevelt was unsure how to accomplish an attack with the majority of the Pacific fleet
now destroyed. President Roosevelt tasked his War Secretary

Importance Of Interpersonal Relationship In Law Enforcement
SKILLS
Interpersonal relationships, dealing and working under stressful conditions, proficient in MSWord,
Outlook, ATS, Enforce and other proprietary software used in law enforcement, working as a team
member or independently to carry out set goals, researching and interpreting complex laws,
regulations, policies, and multi–tasking.
EXPERIENCE
U.S. Immigration Services Officer II–U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services–U.S. Department of
Homeland Security
Detroit, Michigan – 2012–2015
Achieved Excellence Performance Rating for fiscal years 2013 and 2014. An award based on my
work performed and obtaining a case completion rate of 135% vs regional rate of 125% and an
activity rate of 68%.
Interpret, apply and enforce an intricate field of Immigration and Nationality laws, which includes
planning and conducting independent research concerning the eligibility and entitlement of persons
seeking immigration benefits and/or legal status under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).
Interview applicants to elicit statements and assess credibility via verbal testimony and nonverbal
behavioral observation to assist in determining eligibility for benefits being sought, performed initial
fact–finding and initiated further action where fraud was detected.
Make final determinations on complex and highly sensitive immigration applications and petitions
involving eligibility for citizenship and immigration benefits; wrote complex final determinations
with legal analysis to support decisions.
Coordinate with other federal agencies in identifying individuals who pose a threat to national
security and safety while establishing and maintaining relationships with attorneys, and other
government agencies and private organizations.
Oversee naturalization ceremonies in U.S. District Court and off–site events serving as USCIS

representative and speaker.
U.S. Customs & Border Protection Officer– U.S. Customs & Border Protection– U.S. Department
of Homeland Security Detroit, Michigan – 2003–2012
Received eight awards during this time based on my job performance. Most notably, my research
which involved the arrest and

How United States Made The Miracle
Final Project
History 105
Parkland College – Shihan Cheng
How United States Made the Miracle:
The Great Strategy in the Battle of Midway
Battle of Midway was one of the most famous battles in World War II, was the best navel warfare
that United States Navy had ever won. A lot of people like to call it a Miracle at Midway. It changed
the war situation of the Pacific Ocean Battle. After this battle, the Empire of Japan lost the
superiority in the Ocean.
Due to the troubles in China, and the economic sanctions form the United States and Europe; Japan
had to find more resources to support the war. After rejected the requirements of Western World,
Japan started to target Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, to defeat America in the Pacific Ocean became
the most important strategy.
On 7th December 1941, Japan launched a major surprise carrier–based air strike on Pearl Harbor
without explicit warning, which crippled the United States Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American
battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 American citizens dead.
In the spring of 1942, a few months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Empire of Japan planned to
attack southern New Guinea, to knock Australia and New Zealand. The Allies, including the United
States, and Australia, assembled a large fleet in the Coral Sea to block the Empire of Japan. After
several days of searching and fighting, the Japanese and Allied fleets found each other on May 8 and
sent aircraft to attack the

The Battle of Coral Sea
May 7–8, 1942, an important battle happen, that is the Battle of Coral Sea. The Battle was fought by
air planes on both sides, There was no ship involved at all. The Japanese wanted to capture New
Guinea and leave Australia out. The Coral Sea actions happen from a Japanese operation, they
wanted to capture Port Moresby, on New Guinea's southern–eastern coast. Japanese air base threaten
Australia and supported plans for future expansion, trying to help Australia get out of the war and
exchange the strategic defense of Japan's oceanic empire. In the spring of 1942, the Japanese had
great gains in the Far East. The conquest of the Philippines, Burma, Malaya, and Dutch East Indies
had cost the Japanese Navy 23 warships. Also, 67 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the attacks it didn't go as well, two Japanese seaplanes were destroyed and it also
destroyed four landing barges. May 5th the Yorktown and the Lexington joined the designated
rendezvous. Some Japanese were already entering the Coral Sea. Admiral Takagi's Striking Force
moved down along the Solomon, they were at the Coral Sea by early May 6th. Port Moresby
invasion Force and the Support Group went to the Jomard Passage. Port Moresby was finally
attacked, it was bombed on this specific day. On May 6th Fletcher made a decision to attack the
Japanese force. The American told Fletcher that it was almost certain that Japanese would come
through the Jomard Passage on May 7th or 8th. Fletcher told his people to striking distance on May
7th. While the Japanese planes reported back into place. 15 Japanese bombers attacked American
ships but they failed to hit their targets. Later a destroyer names 'Sims' was attacked, and it quickly
sank with 379 lives were lost. Oil tanker 'Neosho' was attacked as while, but it stayed up and until
May 11th when 123 men were able to get off of the destroyer 'Henley". The oil tanker "Neosho'
losses was not in vain as the 56 Japanese planes that attacked both the ships could have turned their
attention to the 'Yorktown'. A group of Japanese bombers attacked the ships of commander Rear
Admiral J.C Crace of the Royal Navy. Fletcher moved his carriers away from Crace's group, this
group included two carriers 'Australia' and 'Hobart' of

World War Two: The Interventional Use Of Aircraft Carriers
Something is to be said as well of the unconventional uses of aircraft carriers throughout World War
Two that may not have survived to the modern day but existed none the less. The first being the use
of Japanese carriers to launch suicide missions known as Kamikaze flights. The practice of flying
aircraft into ships was likely a last–ditch attempt to salvage the clear loss of the Japanese in the
conflict and was rooted in Japanese honour culture. Obviously, there is little strategic value in
expending pilots and aircraft in a single mission; the practice did not survive and modern carrier
doctrine favours returning to the carrier successfully after a mission. The other oddity found in
World War Two was the attempted development of a submersible

War on Japan Essay
through history, man always seems to be at war. In some cases he is the attacker, in others the
defender. In both cases, these wars are broken down into two basic elements, the battles that are
fought and the individuals who fight them. The elements conflict, courage, fear, cowardice, heroism,
victory, and defeat make up the exploits of war we record in our history books. This paper will deal
with war, more specifically, a special exploit within one of the most significant wars ever
experienced.
World War II involved millions of fighting men around the world. In Europe, Hitler and Germany
were the enemy. In the Far East, Japan was the enemy. To America, Japan was probably more hated
since they brought us ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What if Army bombers could take off an aircraft carrier? Low tried his idea on Admiral King. King
thought the idea had potential so he sent it on to Captain Donald Duncan to turn his plan into fact.
This he did, and the Tokyo Raid became fact instead of fiction.
The first step in the plan was finding a leader. General Arnold requested Lieutenant Colonel James
Dolittle as the man to select the plane and the men for the mission. Dolittle accepted the challenge
without hesitation. Arnold let him know in no uncertain terms that he was to be a planner not a pilot.
As Doolittle went to work on the project, he saw a lot of problems. First of all, carrier landings were
impossible for twin engine bombers. Next, the total air trip was eleven hundred miles. The closest
landing area would be in Russia, but Joseph Stalin would not let them land there because he didn't
want to be invaded by Japan since he already had his hands full with the Germans. Fortunately,
China said it was all right to land there but they said it reluctantly. With these considerations and
others, Doolittle determined that the chances of the mission succeeding was fifty–fifty. Despite the
odds, the decision was made to begin the project.
As the first step, despite Arnold, Doolittle wrote himself into the plan as a pathfinder. Doolittle's job
during the attack would be to light up Tokyo with incendiary

The Battle Of Midway During The World War II
The battle of Midway was a Naval battle between the Japanese and the US that took place between
the 4th and 7th of June 1942. The battle took place just off the coast of the Midway Islands which is
known to be the midway point between Hawaii and Japan. This battle was the first naval battle in
which the ships in combat never fired guns at or even saw each other. The battle was fought using
aircraft taking off us Aircraft carriers who flew to the enemy ships and engaged them there. This
battle is a turning point in the World War II Pacific theatre because it was the first battle against the
Japanese in which the US emerged victorious, and it gave the US a chance to take on a more
offensive role in the war.
The US entered World War II on December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii. The surprise attack on the American Naval base occurred in the morning of December 7th
1941. The Pacific naval fleet was docked in Pearl Harbor when the first Japanese aircraft swooped
down from over head and started bombing American ships. Both sailors and marines began to take
battle stations or general quarters on the ships to ward off the Japanese attack but to no prevail. The
Japanese emerged triumphantly from the assault on the US at Pearl Harbor by destroying most of
the American fleet. After this attack the Japanese were almost unopposed in their conquest of
conquering south East Asia. Japan achieved a long series of military successes. In December 1941,
Guam and Wake

Comparison Of The Cavs And Bulls
Maddie Derouin
The last time the Cavs and Bulls met each–other in the postseason was in 2010 when Cleveland won
(4–1) in the First Round. The Cavaliers also won the 2014–15 regular season series against Chicago
(3–1). The Wine and Gold are undefeated against Chicago in playoff games at Quicken Loans Arena
(3–0). Including the regular season and the 2015 First Round series against, the cavs have won 22
their last 23 games at The Q.
In four games against Chicago in 2014–15, LeBron James averaged 28.3 points, 7.0 rebounds, 6.3
assists and 1.8 steals in 37.2 minutes per game. In the most recent win over the bulls on april 5 (99–
94)James registered a triple–double with 20 points, 10 rebounds, 12 assists and three steals in 37
minutes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tiny American defense consisted of three aircraft carriers (Yorktown, Hornet, and Enterprise),
fourteen destroyers, eight cruisers, and all the aircraft on Midway itself. The Yorktown aircraft
carrier had just taken quite a beating in the Battle of the Coral Sea, received only minor repairs at
Pearl Harbor before limping back into battle. With few and damaged troops, it seemed all but futile
for the puny American fleet. But, one key factor of this war was that the Americans had figured out
the Japanese code and knew something was up. This gave them the element of surprise. By June 4,
the American fleet had located the Japanese fleet, just northeast of Midway. The American's had
commenced a brave move that turned the tide of the battle. They had sent out multiple torpedo
bombers, which had drawn the Japanese planes covering the aircraft carriers down to low altitude to
destroy the torpedo bombers. This sacrifice allowed American SBD 'Dauntless' dive bombers to
attack the aircraft carriers. Clouds were forming around 3000 meters above sea level. This provided
excellent cover and concealment for the SBD 'Dauntless' bombers. The moment that the Japanese
ordered to have the decked aircraft take off, the Hell–Divers were screaming towards them,
dropping their bombs. The clouds, along with the fact that

Newton Swot Analysis
My Trip To Charleston, SC (USS YORKTOWN)
On October 1, 2015 on are way to Charleston we stop in Conway, Sc to the National Guard and
receive a backpack from Sargent. After 2 hours of riding we stop and ate at CiCi's Pizza. Then we
were own our way to USS Yorktown (CV–5) also known as "The Fighting Lady". Finally, we
arrived at the USS Yorktown (CV–5), this is the tenth aircraft carrier that was served in the United
States Navy. This aircraft carrier was built in Newport News, Virginia. After arriving on the aircraft
we carried our luggage to are room where we would be sleeping. We came back downstairs and
went to the Medal Of Honor Museum. Where we saw a wall with soldiers who fought in the wars
and it was divided into the five branches such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
of Marines, HANCOCK (CV–19), USMC Press Room, Typical Ship's Office, USMC LIving
Compartment, Garbage Grinder Room, Ship's Laundry, Japanese Battleship, Ship's Post Office,
MISSOURI (BB–63), WWii Cruiser Room, Officer's Galley, Wardroom Lounge, Wardrobe/Ready
Room, YORKTOWN (CV–10), Officers Staterooms,Officer's Stateroom, Port Catapult Mach
Room, Fusing and Rocket Assembly, Warrant Officers Mess,Print Room, Brig (Ship's Jail), Marine
Sentry Office, Barber Shop, soda Fountain and Ship Store. Then we ate lunch and did something
that was very amazing thing. We got a chance to be apart of the Flight Academy. First we went to
the JOC which is where you located your enemies. Then you call the JIC, the JIC is where you get
the information and tell the people in the SIM which is the people who are flying the airplanes. My
favorite thing was being in the JIC, which is receiving and telling the SIM and being able to watch
and tell them which way to go and how to get there. We went upstairs and went to the Flight Deck
which is where the airplanes take off and land. Right behind the aircraft carrier you could see the
Charleston Bridge. We also learned that the Aircraft Carrier sits about 70 feet into mud. And the
lower you go down in the aircraft carrier the deeper you are in the water and there's also least
oxygen, so that's why it gets very hot and you get light headed.We went back to are room and grad
are things from are

Gun Finn Research Paper
By December 1941, Finn was stationed at Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu in
Hawaii. As a chief aviation ordnanceman, he was in charge of twenty men whose primary task was
to maintain the weapons of VP–11,a PBY Catalina flying boat squadron. On the morning of 7
December 1941, Finn was at his home, about a mile from the aircraft hangars, when he heard the
sound of gunfire. Finn recalled how a neighbor was the first to alert him, when she knocked on his
door saying, "They want you down at the squadron right away!" He drove to the hangars, catching
sight of Japanese planes in the sky on the way, and found that the airbase was being attacked, with
most of the PBYs already on fire.[3][5][6] Finn's men were trying to fight back by using the
machine guns mounted in the PBYs, either by firing from inside the flaming planes or by detaching
the guns and mounting them on improvised stands. Finn later explained that one of the first things
he did was to take control of a machine gun from his squadron's painter. "I said, 'Alex, let me take
that gun' ... knew that I had more experience firing a machine gun than a painter."[5][6] ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He fired on the Japanese planes for the next two hours, even after being seriously wounded, until the
attack had ended. In total, he received 21 distinct wounds, including a bullet through his right foot
and an injury to his left shoulder, which caused him to lose feeling in his left

Sunk By Aircraft Carriers Essay
other carriers. Many carriers were sunk by submarines, but submarines were also likely to be sunk
by other aircraft carriers after their presence was known. Aircraft Carriers Lost in Battle Due to their
importance aircraft carriers were considered a priority target, and as a result, many were lost during
World War II. Most were sunk by aircraft, like the battleships they were replacing. Most in the
pacific theater were lost in during the Battle of Midway or the Coral Sea. The loss of the carriers,
especially the Japanese carriers, had a significant effect on the outcome of the war. World War II era
were very fragile, and could have their flight deck incapacitated through multiple ways. The most
common was dive bombers placing large holes in the flight deck, along with damaging fires.
However, this type of damage was easily repaired. A more damaging type of damage was torpedo
damage. While one or two strikes was usually not enough to sink a large carrier, it could cause the
ship to lean to one side, called listing. When the listing angle became too high, aircraft could roll off
the deck and were unable to land (Navy). A combination of these two caused the Japanese to scuttle
two fleet carriers, the Hiryū and the Kaga (Midway). Submarine attacks In the Pacific Theater of
World War II others carriers were the biggest threat to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These cannons were only used twice in combat. The first incident involved the British aircraft
carrier HMS Glorious which wandered into range of the German battleships Scharnhorst and
Geneisenau. The two battleships sank the carrier and its two destroyer escorts in an hour. The
second incident involved the USS Gambier Bay, a small escort carrier that was sunk at the Battle of
Leyte Gulf by Japanese ships after being separated from its fleet. These incidents prove that carriers
were dominant but not

The Turning Point Of War: The Battle Of Midway
World War Two was fought between the Allied and the Axis powers.The Japanese joined in the war
because they wanted to expand their control over the Pacific, something that the United States also
wanted more control over. This is what lead to the bombing of Pearl Harbour. Japan wanted the
United States out of the Pacific. The war in the Pacific made opportunity for creative battle
strategies, considering it wasn't the typical battlefield. Strategists had to navigate the ocean as well
as take and keep control of islands that were far apart. The Battle of Midway took place from June
4th to June 7th, 1942, About six months after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. Midway is about 1,300
miles northwest of Oahu. Japanese Admiral, Isoroku Yamamoto, had planned to execute a surprise
attack on Midway. The idea was that when the United States went for a counter–attack, the Japanese
fleet would be waiting to destroy any aircraft carriers that were not destroyed in the bombing of
Pearl ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the end, the Japanese lost all four carriers, a heavy cruiser, about 320 aircraft, and close to 5,000
men. American losses included one aircraft carrier, (the USS Yorktown) one destroyer, about 300
men, and around 150 aircraft. The Battle of Midway is considered to be the key turning point in the
war between the United States and Japan. The loss of four carriers seriously hindered the Japanese's
ability to attack offensively. The Japanese were never able to regain the full strength of its navy. The
United States would continue to push through Japanese defences in the Pacific. In my mind, what
won the battle of Midway was not the ships and aircraft, but the cryptanalysts and their amazing
ability to get the information from the coded Japanese messages. These code–breakers were the only
reason that the Americans were able to turn an ambush meant for them into an ambush for the

USS Midway Museum
USS Midway Museum
On September 24, 2016 I had the privilege of visiting the USS Midway Historical Museum. My
friend Michelle, who is also a CBU student, accompanied me while we explored this fantastic site. I
was recommended to tour the USS Midway by my German foreign exchange student who was able
to visit the attraction a couple weeks earlier. Niels emphasized how much he enjoyed his visit and
explained that it was a shame that I had not been there earlier, due to the fact that I live so close to
San Diego. It was Niel's advice, paired with my prior interest in the history of this battleship that
inspired me to finally see it for myself.
Michelle and I arrived on a beautiful San Diego day at North Harbor Drive near the Coronado
Broadway Pier. We parked somewhat far away because it was a busy day on the harbor. Walking
towards the ship, we witnessed street performers doing all sorts of entertaining things that created a
fun atmosphere. Some were blowing up balloons for kids, while others were playing their
instruments, filling the air with a sweet melody. Walking along this beautiful parkway, looking out at
the blue waters crashing against the docks, I could not help but realize how blessed and grateful I
am to be free in such a great nation.
The first attraction I saw was a huge granite monument just across the street from the Midway. It
honored the second most decorated ship in WWII, known as the USS San Diego CL–53. This ship
was a tiny cruiser that had tremendous

The Military Branch That Serves At Sea, The Navy
Topic: Navy
General Purpose: To Inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the military branch that serves at sea, the Navy.
Thesis: Due to the the United States' superiority in the world's sea, our Naval branch is the most
respected and dignified branch of military in the whole world because of it's submarines, surface
ships, and aircraft carriers.
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter– " The United States Navy is the envy of every other navy in the world. They
don 't want to be like us– they want to be us." Admiral Leighton Smith said this with true admiration
for our Naval Military force. Our battle fleet is the larger then the next 13 most powerful navies
combined. With 48 naval bases in the U.S. alone, over 600 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
a. Los Angeles Class – There are currently 41 Los Angeles Class submarines in commission. 30 of
these submarines are equipped with 12 vertical launching systems in order to launch tomahawk
cruise missiles.
b. Seawolf Class – A class originally meant to contain 29 submarines ended up only holding 3 after
money constraints because of the Cold War. This class is much quieter, faster and has more torpedo
tubes and weapons then the Los Angeles Class.
2. Ballistic Missile Submarines (SSBN) – The fleet of ballistic missile submarines is placed in our
seas in order to retaliate against any attacks to the United States. We are prepared for surprise attacks
that would compromise our land security. Just having this system of submarines in place has
avoided many aggressive attacks towards the U.S.
a. Ohio Class – Also known as the boomers, this class of lethal submarines is designed for stealth
and an accurate delivery of nuclear warheads. When sent out for a mission there is a crew of about
15 officers and 140 enlisted submariners. They will be deployed at sea for approximately 70 days
depending on their mission. The submarines are equipped with the Trident II D5 missile that have an
increased range and accuracy over the old Trident I C4 missile. These missiles were first deployed in

1990 and are currently only used by the U.S. and British Navy.
III.Surface Vessels

The Code Of Federal Regulations
Under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 139, the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) is required to issue airport operating certificates to airports that serve
scheduled and unscheduled air carrier aircraft with more than 30 seats or serve scheduled air carrier
operations in aircraft with more than 9 seats but less than 31 seats. To ensure that airports are
meeting the requirements of 14 CFR Part 139, there are approximately 35 FAAAirport Certification
Safety Inspectors that conduct annual and unannounced certification inspections. In the course of the
inspection, inspectors look at the movement areas, aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF), fuel
facilities, and lighting. Additionally, the inspectors view the airport files and the airport certification
manual, Airport Master Record (FAA Form 5010), Notices to Airmen (NOTAM), and airfield self–
inspection forms.
Self–Inspection
The self–inspection program is considered to be a key component of an airport operator's airport
certification program and required under 14 CFR Part 139.327. The responsibility of the self–
inspection program falls primarily to the airport owner or operator. Even though it is possible for
some hazards to develop suddenly, most hazardous conditions develop over time and are more
gradual. As a result, it is important that the airport has a comprehensive airport safety self–
inspection program in order to identify and correct any deteriorating safety conditions. The scope of
the

Japan, the United States, and Pearl Harbor Essay
What were the main mistakes the Japanese made and how did such a tiny force beat one of the
largest naval forces of the time?
One of the United States biggest advantages, but is leased credited is the cryptology subsection of
the US Navy War Department. Now a bit of back–story after the Battle of Guadalcanal with the
Japanese, the US has just lost a carrier and the Yorktown Aircraft Carrier is limping back to US
Navy Headquarters at Pearl Harbor Hawaii along with a captain who is in the infirmary, he got sick
during one of the Guadalcanal Battles. When they finally arrive at US Navy Headquarters in Pearl
Harbor Hawaii, they dock and await orders. Now back to the Cryptology Dept. that made this one of
the important if not the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another advantage that we had, ironically, was surprise was on our side this time. Remember the
Yorktown and how I mentioned it being badly damaged and had limped back to Pearl Harbor. Well
the Carrier required a complete overhaul and the Captain went to the hospital to recover while
Nimitz and the other cryptologists tried to figure out what "AF" meant, (at this point, they did not
know that "AF" meant Midway and not the Aleutian Islands) and who would replace the sick
Captain. Once Nimitz talked to the Captain, he asked for his recommendation and he said one of the
destroyer Captains should command it and Nimitz was surprised but agreed. Then Nimitz went to
the repair yard at the docks and when they were asked about how long it would take to repair the
carrier because they needed it for wherever "AF" was. The repair crew replied that to fix the
damaged carrier they would need 3 months to repair it Nimitz replied saying "we don't have 3
months, I will give you 3 days to fix it." When they were done it was not pretty, but it was
seaworthy they did all the repairs in 3 days in what would should have taken 3 months to do.
Once the Yorktown was combat ready it left Pearl Harbor for Midway Island. While at Midway
itself, the island was preparing itself for the attack by the Japanese.

America's Aircraft Carriers
When we think about greenhouse gas emissions in transportation, cars and trucks immediately
spring to mind. Because they mostly remain out of sight, ships and the pollution they emit tend to
stay out of mind. Yet the increase in international trade routes as a consequence of globalization has
caused a steep rise in pollution emanating from large container ships. This is taking on increasing
importance because while the last twenty years have seen governing bodies all over the world
regulate emissions from cars while shipping emissions have been completely ignored. As a result,
low–grade ship bunker fuel has up to 2,000 times as much sulfur as the diesel fuel used for
automobiles. This, coupled with fluctuating oil prices, has recently brought ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Shipping accounts for 18–30% of all the world's nitrogen oxide pollution and 9% of global sulfur
oxide pollution and academic research pins sixty deaths a year and $330 billion dollars a year in
health costs from lung and heart disease on pollution from the world's ninety thousand cargo ships.
Commercial shipping releases roughly 130,000 metric tons of soot per year. The risk of Mustu–like
incidents can never be completely eliminated, but good training programs and high levels of
standardizations have made nuclear propulsion perfectly safe in military operation. In the forty years
the first nuclear propelled voyage, five of the world's navies have combined for over 100 million
miles of nuclear powered ocean travel using seven–hundred marine nuclear reactors. Nuclear power
revolutionizes submarines because nuclear powered vessels don't have to refuel and don't need an
oxygen source. Since nuclear power has become available, submarines can sustain 25 knots and
remain underwater for extended periods of

The Effects of the Naval Budget Cuts Essay
The United States of America has been involved in many different conflicts, foreign and domestic,
popular and unpopular, spanning across four centuries and all corners of the globe. From the warm
coastal waters of the American homeland to the atolls of the Pacific, from the winding inland rivers
of Vietnam to the chokepoint at the Strait of Hormuz, American sailors have valiantly stood up to
defend America's interests at home and abroad. The Navy has had to continuously update its vessels
and technologies in order to keep up with the rapidly changing times, and ensure we not only stay
competitive with but surpass the foreign competition. No other period in history has undergone the
swift technological evolution that our troops experience ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This plan failed, however, as lawmakers were not able to come up with a bipartisan solution. After
both parties failed to come up with a solution that would satisfy both parties, automatic budget cuts
then came into effect. These automatic cuts called for a $109 billion to be cut annual. The weight of
the cuts would be spread equally throughout the U.S. Government, being carried by both military
and nonmilitary departments alike, meaning that the budget cuts to the military alone would total
$55 billion annually each fiscal year. It is through these cuts that the Navy will have to operate on
into the foreseeable future. As the budget cuts continue on into the future, the readiness of our
sailors and ships are increasingly being put in jeopardy. The human aspect of the military is the
foundation of everything we do, and without that vital part in the proverbial pyramid of defense,
everything else is meaningless. The technology of the times is only as effective as the human
element supporting it. Without the vital human aspect, all of the newest technology may as well be a
useless pile of junk. Despite the importance of maintaining a strong human aspect, if we allow our
Navy's ships to fall into disrepair, not even the best sailors in the world could operate effectively.
The most devastating effects of budget slashing will be felt the most by our hardworking sailors
themselves. Although the Chief of Naval Operations has stated that military manpower will be

The Attack On Pearl Harbor
Introduction
The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 was a day that all Americans will remember.
It was a day that showed us we were not invincible, we could be struck on our home soil and it
scared and demoralized the people of the United States. In an effort to combat that loss of moral and
show the Japanese people that they were just as susceptible, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued
a directive to attack Japan as soon as possible.1 Of the options presented the course of action
decided upon would use the Army Air Force and the Navy. Their mission would be to deliver
bombers modified to take off from carrier vessels within striking distance of Japan. Then the
bombers would launch, fly to, and bomb the cities of Tokyo and Nagoya.2 This mission would come
to be known as the Doolittle raid, named for Lieutenant Colonel James "Jimmy" Doolittle, who
planned the mission.3 He was selected by Gen. Henry H. Arnold, Chief of Staff of the Army Air
Forces.4
The selection of Doolittle to lead this nearly suicidal mission was a natural one, Arnold later
explained. He was fearless, technically brilliant, a leader who not only could be counted upon to do
a task himself if it were humanly possible, but could impart that spirit to others.5
History The global political and military climates were turbulent in the year's prior leading up to the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent American attack on Tokyo. That turbulence was
World War II which had

The Battle of Midway Essay
The Battle of Midway dealt a devastating catastrophe for the Japanese naval and air capabilities with
destroying four carriers, one heavy cruiser, 248 aircraft, and 3,057 personnel. The Americans lost
one aircraft carrier, one destroyer, 150 aircraft, and 307 personnel. Historically, Midway has been
considered the turning point in the Pacific theater of World War II. Japan's shipbuilding and pilot
training programs were unable to keep pace in replacing their losses, while the U.S. steadily
increased its output in both areas that inevitably led denying Japan the ability to achieve its limited
policy objective: to destroy the American carrier force in the Pacific and use the Aleutians and
Midway Island as stepping stones for a Japanese ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This intelligence allowed Nimitz to avoid a secondary naval battle and concentrate a surprise attack
unforeseen by the Japanese at Midway. Nimitz was able to position the fleet out of the Japanese
carrier's striking range and hide fall under the protection of land based air at Midway. Aligning the
three carriers and land–based air power was instrumental in matching and defeating the larger and
more competent Japanese fleet. On the Japanese side of intelligence, Yamamoto believed to have the
element of surprise at Midway, which was thought to draw the Americans out of Pearl Harbor.
Yamamoto had numerical naval superiority in the Pacific to defeat the Americans at sea but
remained unaware that the code breakers ascertained its operational and strategic plan to attack at
Midway. Spector argues that Japanese submarines knew the American forces were planning
something at Pearl Harbor, but the intelligence was never passed on to Yamamoto. Additionally,
Yamamoto believed that two of the American carriers were sunk at Coral Sea, which the Yorktown
was hastily being repaired in Pearl Harbor. In reality, the Japanese had no idea where the American
fleet or carriers were leading up to the Battle of Midway.
Additionally, Yamamoto was deceived by American intelligence on the location of the other two
active carriers, which he thought were still in the South Pacific. Inevitably, Yamamoto proceeded to
attack Midway while Nimitz

Battle Of The Santa Cruz Islands Research Paper
The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands was a naval battle between the United States Navy and the
Imperial Japanese Navy. This was one of a hand full of naval battles that happen within visual range
of each other. The first strikes of the battle took place on 26 October 1942. The two fleets pulled out
of range from each other on 27 October 1942. The battle took place in the Pacific Ocean around the
Solomon Islands. This battle was labeled as a Japanese tactical victory, but later to prove that it was
an American strategic victory. Due to the amount of damage and loses that the Japanese Navy took.
It took away from the fleets' involvement in the battle for Guadalcanal, contributing to the Allied
victory in that campaign. The battle took place ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But with the fleets being so close to each other it was hard for them to move about for more tactical
placement. So, with the size of the Japanese fleet and the fact that they got off with the attack first
lead them to sink one of the Allied carriers. But also with the amount of damage the Japanese fleet
took, the Allied forces used that to push harder and win battles against the naval fleets of Japan. So
on the grand scale of things this battle was a Japanese tactical victory, but later to prove that it was
an American strategic victory. So most Naval expert have the argument that overall battle was a win
for the Allied fleet, due to the heavy loss of aircraft from the Japanese fleet. When other's stand by
the lost carrier of the Allied to the Japanese fleet. I believe that when you look at total damage to
both fleets to include aircraft. I still think that the Japanese fleet won this battle. When you look
more into larger scale the information that is present yes it was a strategic victory for the Allied
forces. With being able to repair and push the ships back into battles and the fact that they still had
many of their seasoned aircraft crews. Helped down the road for an overall victory over the
Japanese. In many Naval books this battle is used as an example on how a small battle can still
affect the overall victory and how in this case it did. It also is

Aircraft Carriers
Introduction The United States Navy calls its Nimitz class aircraft carriers "4.5 acres of sovereign
and mobile American territory" and highlights their importance to American strategy by noting that
an "aircraft carrier doesn't just launch aircraft – it projects power". The aircraft carrier has an ability
like no other war vessel to deploy aircraft and serve as a base of operations for a wide variety of
military activities. As a result, the US Navy forms entire battlegroups or fleets around the use of
these vessels and regularly deploys them abroad to meet their strategic objectives. Given that air
power is a relatively recent development in the grand scheme of military history, the speed of
contemporary development in aircraft carriers is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of which was the sinking of the HMS Courageous in 1939 by a German U–boat. An old
aircraft carrier at the beginning of the war and a converted battlecruiser, the vessel was tasked with
providing escort to merchant ships by providing anti–submarine protection in a convoy with other
destroyers to provide protection to the carrier. Despite this, a single German submarine was able to
successfully engage and sink the HMS Courageous, escaping without harm from the depth–charge
wield escorts to report the success back to Germany. This highlighted two key strategic weaknesses
of aircraft carriers, the first being their need for anti–submarine escort and their vulnerability to
small, relatively cheaper instruments of war. HMS Courageous was escorted by four destroyers who
were armed for anti–submarine warfare who, in theory, should have been able to safely escort the
vessel from this very threat. Furthermore, aside from the resources tied up in escorting the carrier,
the air planes which were meant to excel in this field were equally ineffective in defending their own
air base. Shore based aircraft had the distinction advantage of being able to return to a relatively safe
air base that was very likely to be there when they returned, unlike carrier–based aircraft. The
advantage of extending the range of

Module 3 Research Certification Essay Essay
Subject: Module 3 Research Certification Essay In order to maintain well organized and managed
processes, every organization will need to implement some form of inspection methods or adhere to
inspections set forth by overarching authorities. For airports serving, or intending to serve, air
carrier operations, the Federal Aviation administration's (FAA) Regulations 14 CFR Part 139 defines
specific policies, activities, and standards for airfield operations management that are required for
compliance (Wells & Young, 2011). In addition, the FAAAdvisory Circular (AC) 150/5200–18C
provides information to airport operators on airport self–inspection programs and identifies items
that airport operators should include in such a program (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2004).
Using these two references, applicable airports are equipped to conduct self–inspections, which are
vital to ensuring safe operations and compliance with stated requirements. The U.S. Government
Publishing Office details the FAA 14 CFR Part 139 on its website, which spells out the frequency
that the airport must be inspected. It provides that this should be done daily, except as otherwise
required by the Airport Certification Manual, when required by any unusual condition, such as
construction activities or meteorological conditions, that may affect safe air carrier operations, and
immediately after an accident or incident (U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2016). In essence,
the airport will be

Essay On The Battle Of Midway
1943: The Battle of Midway [1987]
1943: The Battle of Midway is a shoot 'em up arcade game, or more accurately a vertical scrolling
shooter game, designed and developed by Capcom and published in 1987. The game was the sequel
to Capcom's 1984 game, 1942 which was the first in the 19XX series. In this game analysis of 1943:
The Battle of Midway, also referred to as 1943, will be analysed subjectively under the following
headings: story, technology, aesthetics, and mechanics.
Story
"We have the ability to project ourselves into just about anything we control." [J.Schell, 2008]
Anyone who grew up in the arcades is very much familiar with 1943: The Battle of Midway. The
game is set in the Pacific theater of World War II, off the coast of the Midway Atoll. In terms of
story, what separates the 1942 from the 1943 is that the latter sets specifically on aerial combat
around Midway.
"We filter reality through our sense, and through our minds, and the consciousness we actually
experience is a kind of illusion – not really reality at all." [J.Schell, 2008]
As this game is somewhat fictional in its nature, Schell states a very relevant point about reality and
this 'illusion' games create for us. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'The Japanese main squadron tasted defeat off the coast of Midway Islands'. Some say that this
battle greatly changed the outcome of the war. The aim in this game is to represent a battle during a
historical conflict through a screen. The focus in the game is to attack the Japanese air fleet that
bombed the American aircraft carrier, pursue all Japanese air and sea forces, fly through the 16
stages of play, and make their way to the Japanese battleship Yamato and destroy. The challenge is
to destroy the battleship, 'Yamato'. Relive the excitement of "1943" by controlling

The Use Of Sea Aircraft Of The United States Winning World...
Ever since the first time Eugene Burton Ely completed the very first take–off and landing from a
warship on the 18th of January, 1911, the future of the Navy had drastically changed. Little did Ely
know that in a mere fifty years Naval Aviation would have a major contribution to the United States
winning World War II. Captain Charles F. Pond exclaimed that Ely's feat was "the most important
landing of a bird since the dove flew back to the ark." This quote by Captain Pond shows just how
important naval aviation was going to be in the future along with the Navy's need for vessel's to
carry these planes. The modern aircraft carriers of the Navy that we know now were vastly different
from the warships with wooden flight decks like on the USS ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This flight planted the importance of air power in the minds of naval thinkers, including Admiral
Bradley A. Fiske whom started looking for ways to make naval aircraft fighting machines. In the
start of World War I no nation had imagined a ship to where planed could land and take off from,
such as an aircraft carrier. The Naval Act of 1916 provided $500 million for items such as
battleships, battle cruisers, and submarines. There had been not one mention of funding naval air.
However many advancements came during World War I that would affect not just the United States
Navy, but the rest of the world for multiple generations to come. Great was leading the charge with
having produced two functioning aircraft carriers by 1918. There was no other nation that had even
produced one yet. However Japan was the first to build a aircraft carrier from the keel up, meaning
that it was not a converted battleships like the previous aircraft carriers. Naval air power built up to
160,000 officers and men, as well as 500 aircraft and 26 naval stations as World War I brought the
United States Navy's 1st Aeronautical Detachment to Europe. Brigadier General "Billy" Mitchell,
the chief of the United States Army Air Service, gave naval aviation a boost after conducting several
tactics for bombing ships. One of his major beliefs was that air power would one day shadow over
the importance of gunships. In 1921 General

Aircraft Carriers Research Paper

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Aircraft Carriers Research Paper