trends in veterinary forensic medicine

1. Forensic Medicine and
Toxicology,
Assiut University
Professor Eman Ezz Eldawela
Elsharkawy
»
Future trends in veterinary
forensic medicine

2. Forensic Genetics
Molecular markers
and
its application
in animal identification

3. Types
of
Marker
s
Morphological
Biochemical Genetic
Chromosomal

4. Animals are identified based on
appearance
Eg. PIGMENTATION
Disadvantage: lack of polymorphism

5. Animals are identified based on biochemical
properties
Eg. Hb, AMYLASE, BLOOD GROUPS ETC.
Disadvantage:
Sex limited
Age dependent
Influenced by environment
It covers less than 10% of genome

6. Animals are identified based on structural &
numerical variations of genes on chromosomes
Eg. Structural and Numerical Variations
Structural- Deletions, Insertions etc.
Numerical- Trisomy, Monosomy, Nullysomy
Disadvantage: low polymorphism

7. Animals are identified based on
genetic molecular marker

8. What is a molecular
marker?
MM is a piece of DNA
molecule that is
associated with a certain
trait of an organism

9. Molecular Marker
 Revealing variation at a DNA
level
 Characteristics:
– Co-dominant expression
– Nondestructive assay
– Complete penetrance
– Early onset of phenotypic
expression
– High polymorphism
– Random distribution
throughout the genome
– Assay can be automated

10. DNA isolated from any tissue eg. Blood,
hair etc.
DNA isolated at any stage even during
foetal life
DNA has longer shelf-life.
Analysis of DNA carried out at early
age/ even at the embryonic
Stage irrespective of sex.

11. Molecular Markers
Single locus marker
Multi-locus marker
RFLP Microsatellite
DFP:DNA Fingerprinting AFLP
Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism
Amplified Fragment
Length Polymorphism
Simple Sequence Repeat
SSR

12. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
ATTTGATCGCTTTGACGCATCACACAGATTAGGCACCTGCTGAATAA
TAAACTAGCGAAACTGCGTAGTGTGTCTAATCCGTGGACGACTTATT
TAAACTAGCGAAACT
CACCTGCTGAATAA
GCGTAGTGTGTCTAATCCGTGGACGACTTATT
ATTTGATCGCTTTGACGCATCACACAGATTAGG
A
C
T
G
A
C
T
G
Mg++ Mg++
Mg++
Mg++
DENATURATIONPRIMER ANNEALINGPOLYMERASE RECOGNITIONMAGNESIUM COFACTOREXTENSIONTHE STRAND IS DUPLICATED

14.  Gene mapping
 For the purpose of
Identification of animals in
adulteration cases of meat
and meat products
 Pre and post natal diagnosis of
diseases
 Anthropological and molecular
evolution studies
 Animal breeding

15. Visualization and analysis
 DNA FINGER PRINT (Profiling)
 DNA FINGER PRINT (Sequncing)

16. DNA FINGER PRINT(PROFILING)
A technique used to distinguish between animales using
samples of their DNA.

17. DNA FINGER PRINT(PROFILING)

18. DNA FINGER PRINT (Sequencing)

19. Automated procedure for
DNA sequencing
A computer read-out of the gel generates a “false color” image
where each color corresponds to a base. Then the intensities are
translated into peaks that represent the sequence.

20. Animal species genome are available under the corresponding
accession number from the gene bank database
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez/nucleotide.html
Species sequence Accession
Number
Cattle ccatcaaacatttcatcatgatgaaatttcggttccctcctgggaatctgcctaatcctacaaatcctcacaggcctattcctagcatacactaca
catccgacacaacaacagcattctcctctgttacccatatctgccgagacgtgaactacggctgaatcatccgatacatacacgcaaacgga
gcttcaatggtttttatctgcttatatatgcacgtaggacgaggcttatattacgggtcttacacttttctagaaacatgaaatattggagtaatcct
tctgcacagtaatagccacagcatttataggatacgtcctaccatgaggacaaatatcattctgaggagc
AF490528
Buffalo ccatcaaacatctcatcatgatgaaactttggctctctcctaggcatctgcctaattctgcaaatcctcaccggcctattcctagcaataca
ctacacatccgacacaacaacagcattctcctccgtcgcccacatctgccgagacgtgaactatggatgaattattcgatacatacacg
caaacggagcttcaatatttttcaatctgcttatatatacacgtaggacgaggcatatactacggatcatatacctttctagaaacatgaaac
atcggagtaattctattattcgcagtaatagccacagcatttataggatacgtactgccatgaggacaaatatcattctgaggggc
D82892
Sheep ccatcaaatatttcatcatgatgaaactttggctctctcctaggcatttgcttaattttacagattctaacaggcctattcctagcaatacactatacacctg
acacaacaacagcattctcctctgtaacccacatttgccgagacgtaaactatggctgaattatccgatatatacacgcaaacggggcatcaatatttt
ttatctgcctatttatgcatgtaggacgaggcctatactatggatcatataccttcctagaaacatgaaacatcggagtaatcctcctatttgcgacaata
gccacagcattcataggctatgttttaccatgaggacaaatatcattctgaggagc
AF010406
Pig ccctcaaacatctcatcatgatgaaacttcggttccctcttaggcatctgcctaatcttgcaaatcctaacaggcctgttcttagcaatacattacacatc
agacacaacaacagctttctcatcagttacacacatctgtcgagatgtaaattacggatgagttattcgctacctacatgcaaacggagcatccatgtt
ctttatttgcctattcatccacgtaggccgaggcctatactacggatcctatatattcctagaaacatgaaacattggagtagtcctactatttaccgttata
gcaacagccttcataggctacgtcctgccctgaggacaaatatcattctgaggagc
AB015079
Dog ccgtctaacatctctgcttgatggaacttcggatccttactaggagtatgcttgattctacagattctaacaggtttattcttagctatgcactatacatcg
gacacagccacagctttttcatcagtcacccacatctgccgagacgttaactacggctgaattatccgctatatgcacgcaaatggcgcttccatatt
ctttatctgcctattcctacatgtaggacgaggcctatattacggatcctatgtattcatagaaacatgaaacattggaattgtactattattcgcaaccat
agccacagcattcatgggctatgtactaccatgaggacaaatatcattttgaggagc
NC_002008

21. Animal species genome are available under the
corresponding accession number from the gene bank
database
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez/nucleotide.html
Horse ccctcaaacatttcatcatgatgaaacttcggctccctcctaggaatctgcctaatcctccaaatcttaacaggcctattcctagccatacactacaca
tcagacacgacaactgccttctcatccgtcactcacatctgccgagacgttaactacggatgaattatccgctacctccatgccaacggagcatcaa
tattttttatctgcctcttcattcacgtaggacgcggcctctactacggctcttacacattcctagagacatgaaacattggaatcatcctacttttcacagt
tatagctacagcattcatgggctatgtcctaccatgaggccaaatatccttttgaggagc
D82932
Donkey cacataggcttggtcctggcctttttattagttattaataaaattacacatgcaagtatccgcaccccagtgagaatgccctctaaatcgcactctacga
tcaaaaggagcaggtatcaagcacactacaaagtagctcataacaccttgctaggccacacccccacgggacacagcagtgataaaaattaagct
atgaacgaaagttcgactaagttatattaaactagggttggtaaaattcgtgccagccaccgcggtcatacgattaacccaaattaataaaccctccg
gcgtaaagcgtgtcaaagacccatactaaaataaagttaaaacccagttaagctgtaaaaagctac
NC_001788
Rat tgacaaacattcgaaaatctcatcctctactcaaaattattaatcactcctttattgaccttcccgctccatccaacatctcatcatgatgaaactttggct
ctctattaggagtatgcctaataattcaaatcattacaggcctgttcctagcaatacactacacatccgacactctaacagcattttcatcagttacccac
atctgccgagacgtaaactacggctgactaattcgatatttacatgccaacggagcttcaatattctttatctgcttattcctccacgtaggacgaggaat
gtactatggatcttacaccttcctagaaacatgaaacattggaatcgtcctacta
EF186523
Mice tcgcgcgtgcgagcgggcgccgagctggctgggccccggagggcggatggcggacccgcaggcgttctgcgtggccgaggagcgcagcggc
cactgcgcagtggtggacggacacttcctctacgtgtgggggggctacgtgtctattgaagacaatgaggtatatttgccaaatgatgaaatgtggac
ctacgatattgatagtgggctgtggaaaatgcacctaatggaaggggagctccccccctccatgtcgggaagctgcggggcttgcatccacggaag
gctctatgtctttggaggctatgacgacaaaggatacagcaaccggctttactttgtcaatttacgaacaagag
EF605403
Camel cctccaatatttcatcatgatgaaacttcggctctctactaggagtttgcttaattatacaaatcctgacaggactattcctggcaatacattatacatccga
cacaacaacagccttctcttcagtcgcacacatctgccgagatgttaactacggctgaatcattcgatatttacatgctaacggagcttccatattcttcat
ttgcttatatattcacgtgggtcgcgggctttattacggctcgtataccttttcagaaacctgaaacgttggaattgttttattgttcacagtaatagcaacag
ctttcatgggctacgtccttccatgaggacagatatcattctgaggagcaa
U06426