KHAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
IRD 1O3: DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS AND ITS APPLICATION
COURSE OUTLINE
1. Conceptualization of Development
Economic, Social, Political and Environmental Conceptions and indicators of Development
2. Theories of Development:
Rostow, Smith, Marx
3. Characteristics of transitional Societies
Low incomes, Dual Economies, Poverty, Population Growth, Scarce Strategic Natural Resources, Demonstration Effects and Unemployment.
4. Africa’s Development Objectives
Alleviation of Mass Poverty, Self-sustaining Growth and Development, Regional Integration and Collective Self-reliance.
5. Sectorial Development
Agricultural and Rural Development, Industry and Informal Sector, Tourism, Infrastructural Development- water, institutions such as schools, colleges e.t.c. for manpower development; roads, airways, telecom, railways, shipment.
6. Organization Strategies for Development
Top down Planning and Bottom up planning
7. Definition of Foreign Aid
· Why countries accept foreign aid
· Why donors give foreign aid
8. Structural Reforms and their impact on Development
The rationale of Structural Reforms, Impact of Structural Adjustment Programmes in specific sectors (e.g. education, Health, Agriculture)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson the student should be able to:
1. Have an understanding of the economic aspects of development process.
2. Appreciate development problems experienced by the Less Industrialized Countries.
3. Suggest solutions to these problems.
DEFINITION OF DEVELOPMENT
Historically the word development in its present context is of a very recent origin. It was used in the covenant of League of Nations and much later by the charter of the United Nations. The concept of development acquired more significance after the Second World War in 1945, partly as a requirement to help reconstruct the countries, which had been ruined by the two world wars, and later extended towards development of countries emerging from colonial rule.
From the general Literature of development and from the descriptions of development projects one may deduce that development represents a process through which relatively simple traditional, agrarian societies become industrialized and therefore modernized. This philosophy, characterized planning and development, was thought in most developing nations in the 1950s and 1960s.
In the 1950s and 1960s development tended to be looked at in strictly economic terms. Economic growth was considered synonymous with economic development, and thus the total development of a society. While economic growth is an essential component of a country’s development process, it is not sufficient. During this period, also referred to as the first development, meant the capacity of a national economy, whose initial economic condition has been more or less static for a long time, to generate and sustain an annual i
2. Behavioral science
Behavioral science is a branch of social science
that derives its concepts from observation of the
behavior of living organisms.
Broadly defined, behavioral science is the study
of human habits, actions, and intentions.
5. Behavior
Behavior is a response of an individual or group to an
action, environment, person, or stimulus.
1. Behavior is everything a person does.
2. Behaviors is
● that can be observed
• that can be heard/seen
• that can be measured
9. Nature:
We genetically inherit
physical traits from our
parents,but we also
inherit personality traits,
intelligence,and
preferences.
Nurture:
The household and city
we grew up in,how we
were raised by our
parents, teachers,and
friends - these are
environmental factors
that determine who we
are.
12. Attitude
Attitude is a settled way of thinking or feeling
about someone or something, typically one
that is reflected in a person's behavior.
13. Values
-Values are the moral principles and beliefs or
accepted standards
of a person or social group.
-Values are a person's or society’s beliefs about
good behavior and what things are important.
