Youth Justice Conferencing Case Study

Youth Justice Conferencing Case Study
The primary aim of the criminal justice system in dealing with young offenders is the emphasis placed on rehabilitation the offender to become a
functioning, law–abiding member of society. This is achieved through differentiating children and young offenders with the rest of society. Through the
Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW), Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW), Children's Court Act 1987 (NSW), this is achieved.
The Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act recognises inherent differences in maturity and responsibility between adults and children, affording greater
protections to effectively respond to the vulnerabilities of children. In this act, levels of protections differ dependant on the age of the child. For
children under the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An offender must admit guilt and consent to have matters dealt with in a conference for it to apply. Youth justice conferencing allows for the young
offender to take responsibility for their actions and recognise the harm it has caused to the victim and by extension, greater society. However, the
effectiveness in the use of youth justice conferencing in NSW is questioned. A recent study conducted by the NSW Bureau ofCrime Statistics has found
that "youth justice conferencing is no more effective than sanctions imposed by the Children's Court in reducing the risk of juvenile reoffending". This
finding is inconsistent with the effectiveness of youth justice conferencing in other jurisdictions, notably Victoria, where people who participated in
youth justice conferencing "...were much less likely to reoffend within 12 to 24 months..." than their counterparts who received sanctions through the
Victorian Children's Court. This raises questions over the implementation of such diversionary programmes in NSW, where little to no follow up
support is given to offenders in conclusion to the conference, as opposed to Victoria, where support is given and the requirement for the young offender
to return to court following the completion of the conference for final sentencing. The disconnection between practices surrounding diversionary
programmes in NSW and Victoria is highlighted in the Four Corners episode 'Kids Doing Time'. A recurrent theme discussed by individuals who had
been through youth justice conferences was the difficulty of integration into society without support mechanisms in place, often only provided by
underfunded NGO's. White Lion is a NSW based NGO that aims to support high risk youth in reintegrating into society through providing support
services. There is a high correlation between at risk youth and young offenders, with many
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Sex Offender Research Paper
Seven–year–old Megan Kanka was sexually assaulted and killed by Jesse Tim Medequas a released sex offender along with two other ex–offenders
(Winick and La Fond, 213). Megan's parents and the community were extremely angry at the fact that they did not receive any type of notification that
a released sex offender especially a violent one was living amongst them. In 1996 in New Jersey, Megan's Law implemented guidelines for sex offender
registration and nationally mandated notification systems be implemented across the states to notify communities of sex offenders living among them.
The registry requires all sex offenders to register their personal information such as their name, address, and crime. The notification system requires
police ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This requires a switch from a "legal concept of dangerousness" to "decision–making concept of risk" (Winick and La Fond, 222). Safe Offender
Strategies (SOS), an evidence based approach, is an example of a skill based curriculum with emerging research on the role of self–regulation and
problematic sexual behaviors (Stinson and Becker, 1). It encourages a collaborative approach that centers in on individualized change strategies
consistent with sex offender goals and needs (Stinson and Becker, 2). They offer explanations through multi modal self–regulation theory that discusses
the relationship between dysregulation (unable to regulate behaviors themselves) and maladaptive behaviors (bad or abnormal behavior) (12).
Individuals with deficits in self–regulation will engage in maladaptive behaviors (12). Many who struggle with self–regulation will engage in other
maladaptive behaviors to avoid sexually inappropriate behavior

Juvenile Crimes Face Harsh Punishments
There are serious flaws with the way the US judicial system prosecutes juveniles. Although there is a juvenile court system in place to try youth
offenders, the way it is being implemented is different between each state. In addition, some states even go further and try youth offenders, depending
on the crime they committed, in an adult criminal court. In recent years, juvenile crimes face harsh punishments in the US, and the number of juvenile
offenders sent to youth courts is decreasing, based on the data ("The Sentencing Project – Juvenile Justice," 2015). This decline of cases being sent to
the juvenile courts indicates that more cases of youth crime are being transferred to adult courts. Trying a child as an adult contradicts to UN's rights
of the child as listed on FACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (p.1– 4), which shows that by
transferring a child to an adult correction facility, we are denying that child of his/her rights.
A child has a limited understanding of how the world functions. It is difficult for a child to distinguish right from wrong. Therefore, it would be
common sense to try a child, under the age of 18, differently than an adult, with some exceptions being made to frequent offenders and very serious
crimes. But that is not the way it is being implemented in the US. There are three ways a youth offender can be transferred from a juvenile court to an
adult court in the US. Brink (2004) lists the

Prison Is Too Violent For Young Offenders Essay
In the text, "Prison is Too Violent for Young Offenders", written by Gary Scott, provides a discussion that the youth offenders doesn't need to be
incarnated to be rehabilitated. Prison yields negative environment that influences the youth offenders. The juveniles are more susceptible to influences,
by the cause of, they're undergoing developmental stage. Scott explains that the penitentiary develop the survival instinct of the youth to use weapon. If
changing the behavior of the young offender is the goal, then incarceration is not the answer. Thus, in order to rehabilitate the juvenile, we should
provide the youth an environment, letting them have educational insight about their behavior. With the stand, I agreed that providing youth home...
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At the age of 14, the youth offenders could tried as adults and be transferred to a level 4 maximum–security prison. Contradictory to the stand of the
Supreme Court that youth should be treated as adults. According to Okonkwo (2012), youths should be treated differently than adults. Psychology
categorizes the age of 15–18 is the peak of cognitive development stage (webmd.com, 2016). It does not support the idea of youth culpability, but it
strengthens the claim of treatment towards the youth offenders. Taking consideration the psychological results of incarceration. Psychodynamic theory
suggests that experiences in his childhood would be repressed and affect the conscious mind as adults (Ciccarelli, 2012). Thus, involvement of the
children to the nature of penitentiary and the actions of the detainee could affect the unconscious mind of the youth that can lead to a higher possibility
of troublesome behavior. However, psychological factors are often taken less consideration in the decision making of the juvenile delinquency. Still,
many of the other states than California still follow the rules of incarcerating a youth offender and some state become deviant in the norm like

Flaws Of The Laws Against Sex Offenders
Flaws in our Laws According to the Center for Sex Offender Management "It is estimated that one in every five girls and one in every seven boys
are sexually abused by the time they reach adulthood". The United States has many laws aimed to reduce sexual offenders but the annual percentages
for sexual offenses have stayed the same ever since the laws were established. This research is not intended to lessen the gravity of sexual offenses but
to understand that our laws against sex offenders are not preventing the sexual offenses. The main problem with the laws against sex offenders, are the
sex offender registries, the registries fail to act as a deterrent for sexual offenses and they encourage vigilante justice. Also, people convicted of a
minor sexual offense face harsh punishments and sex offenders face many restrictions. In order to understand why the United States sex offender laws
are the way they are, we need to know the story behind on why they were created. In 1993, the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually
Violent Offender Registration Actwas established when Jacob Erwin Wetterling, an 11 year old boy, who was kidnapped, raped, and murdered by a
sexual predator, that lived near him. According to the article Rethinking Sex Offender Registries by Lehrer, Eli, "the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against
Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act required all states to establish their own registries". After the Wetterling Act was established an

The Youth Criminal Justice Act
Dear Mike Wallace, chair of the Justice and Human Rights Committee,
I am writing today with reference to the recent amendments being proposed to the Youth Criminal Justice Act, contained within Bill C
–10. This bill
proposes a multitude of amendments that should be made to the current Youth Criminal Justice Act. One of the major amendments that Bill C
–10
proposes is in relation to the location of detention for young offenders. Currently, a young offender, under the age of eighteen, can be ordered by the
court to serve their sentence in a correctional facility for adults. Clause 186 of Bill C–10 proposes to replace section 76(2) of the Youth Criminal
Justice Act by changing the already existing legislation to provide that a young offender, under the age of eighteen, will serve their sentence at a youth
custody facility, in all cases and regardless of the crime committed. This is one of the most important amendments being proposed because of the
research that has taken place in relation to young offenders serving their sentences in adult correctional facilities. For the remainder of this letter, I will
be presenting evidence as to why clause 186 is an important amendment to make to the Youth Criminal Justice Act in order to protect not only
Canadians within society but those who have committed a crime at a young age.
When looking at a crime committed by a person under eighteen there are various factors to examine when determining why the offence was committed
and how

Sex Offender Notification System
Since 1994 nationwide laws have been put into an effect nationwide asking for those convicted of a sexual crime be placed on a registered list. In
the 20 years since its implementation, the registry has added several caveats such as a tier based registry where the violent offenders were kept at a
higher more prominent level. As well as public notice every few months of an offender relocating or living in your area. While some low levels
offenders must relinquish 15 years of their life notifying the public and remaining on this list, those on the higher tier of the list must reregister more
often and for the rest of their lives. While on the surface it would seem that having such a list, coupled with a lifetime of notification to residents in...
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Since it's their enactment however some states have seen a dramatic increase in sex offenders whether due to the expansion of the definition of a sexual
crime, or the reclassification of some convicts as a result of this law. An example of this would be prior to the law if a teenager was tried as an
adult in their state, served time but under the state's legislature was not required to register as an offender. Under the current law, there is a
possibility this teenager will have to register for the rest of their life every 3 months. Failure to do so may result in a felony charge or possible life
sentence. If they were to go to college they would need to reregister with the state they reside in as well as their home state, and would likely also be
rejected for federal aid as the classification may have already pegged him as a convicted

Essay on The Young Offenders Act
The Young Offenders Act
The federal government of Canada fifteen years ago, in 1984, the Liberal party changed the Juvenile Delinquents Acts to the Youth Offenders Act to
have a "More human approach to the rights of young people before the law"(Leschild and Jaffe, 8:1991). In the present such as Premier, Mike Harris,
of Ontario wants the federal government of Canada to scrap the Young Offenders Act. In 1999, the same party that came up with the act is making
majors changes to the act. This report will look at the young offenders act at the present time, look at why kids commit crime, what is being done to
improve the act, what has the province done towards teenagers and also a look at the United Sates youth system.
WHAT IS YOA... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Marcia Kaye thinks that adolescents that turn to crimes or the street have faced sexual abuse and/or physical abuse. Kaye goes on to say that
"Even through parents have been loving attentive, children will choose a life of prostitution, drugs, and violence" (Kayne, 50,late 80,s). Toronto
defence counsel Bill Trudell said it best when he said "We don't we just recognise in this country we have kids who don't ask to be brought into this
world, who have all kinds of pressures we don't even imagine and who aren't Martians, they're kids?" Allmand who is one of the most left–wing
Liberals on social issues, said that is a disintegration of the family and it is translating into the kind of problems youths are experiencing today (Tyler,
Insight: 1994).
HAS YOA BEEN EFFECTIVE: Since 1995, a year after the YOA came into effect; all areas of offences have increased. This would included all
persons ages 17 and under or less charged with an offence that was dealt with informally by the police. The total of all offence in 1985 was at 188,958
and by the year 1989 it had jumped to 225, 766 so an increase of 36,808 in just 4 years. A big suprise was in the rise in numbers of the Drug offence. In
1985, it was at 4,290 and in 1986 it jumped up to 4,767, but by the year 1989 it was at 4,253. In that 5 year period it decreased by 43 but at least it is a
start in one area (Ruffo, 4,1994). But it is not really young people committing the crimes because a

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)
What is YCJA? The YCJA stands for (Youth Criminal Justice Act) which is a law for young people who commit crime. The YCJA helps young
offenders get to rehabilitate to a normal life in a society. The YCJA act will prevent young offenders having a criminal record if you are between
12–17 if older you a charged as an adult. In the YCJA you can be charged as an adult due to a violentcrime when you are between 14–17. The Youth
Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) since then replaced Young Offenders Act(YOA) as of April 1, 2003 young offenders have been helped by rehabilitating
and reintegrating . The YCJA is known for all the great laws but there is room for improvement. Youth can be charged as an adult from 14. I propose
a change in the age range to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the youth's family has a drinking problem or involved with selling or using drugs or alcohol. The cause of violence in young youth is from violent
hostile families, violent friends, this will change the perception and attitude of the youth's life. The problem with these families is that it is hard to get
out of a situation like that. when you were raised like in a hostile environment you adapted to doing these things and you think it is right but in reality it
is

Court Community Sentencing Vs. Youth Justice: How It Works
England and Wales The options are chosen from a scale linked to the severity of the crimes committed: Prevention schemes "Final Warnings" Court
community sentences Intensive Supervision Custody and Training("UK | Youth Justice: How It Works." BBC News. BBC, 23 Aug. 2001. Web. 28
Mar. 2017.) Community Sentencing is where the sentencing magistrates believe that some form of program within the community would be the best
way of trying to stop offending. ("UK | Youth Justice: How It Works." BBC News. BBC, 23 Aug. 2001. Web. 28 Mar. 2017.) If an offender pleads
guilty or is convicted for a first offence, the courts can refer him or her to a special panel comprising an expert and two members of the community.
("UK | Youth Justice: How It Works."
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only 17 female young people are normally placed in YOI. HM Prison Service. ("Young People (juvenile Offenders)." Justice.gov.uk. HM Prison
Service, 30 Jan. 2017. Web. 28 Mar. 2017.) Case Study: 12–yr–old finally sentenced after 3 years of crimes He was arrested 60 times and has 19
convictions for more than 30 known offences. He allegedly attacked his uncle with a chainsaw and pulled a knife on his mother. He has assaulted
two social workers, bitten the hand of a female colleague, stole the car keys of a staff member, and has driven an Audi TT while the police gave
chase. His crimes usually consist around burglary, theft, criminal damage, and assault. The police could not do anything because of his age. The
England and Wales Juvenile Justice system is much better at serving Justice than the US Juvenile system is. Which was probably hard because he
could barely see above the steering wheel. The judges tried everything they could to stop him, but could do nothing much because of his age. At one
point he was fitted with an electronic tagal, which was removed nine days later after he because he broke his

The Pros And Cons Of Ineffective Methods
Can you imagine going through the juvenile court system at age 15? Today, when kids commit crimes at a young age, they can be tried as an adult,
and serve adult sentences that could put them in prison for a large part of their life. As you continue to read, you will learn about the effective and
ineffective ways that the court deals with today's youth.
Ineffective Methods Some of the most ineffective ways to deal with today's youth are the scared straight program, boot camp (shock incarceration), and
group homes. Boot camp is a youth correctional program, where they enforce strict rules and have harsh punishments. A boot camp's ineffectiveness is
shown where it says, "States have begun to consider new approaches to juvenile offenders, backed by research showing that incarceration actually
increases the chances a young person will commit another crime" (Source 3,1). This quote shows that boot camp does not serve its' purpose. When a
juvenile goes into boot camp, it is not only ineffective, but it actually increases the chances that the juvenile will commit another crime. Another
method that has proven to be ineffective is scared straight. Scared straight is a program in which juveniles go into an adult prison to interact with
inmates. One of the people from the Spokane county juvenile court system said that if a good kid does something bad, then scared straight actually
makes it more likely that the kid will commit another crime (Source 5). This quote shows that scared

Juvenile Offenders And The United Nations Convention On...
1.0 Introduction With the escalating seriousness and devastation being caused by young criminals, the Queensland Jurisdiction amended the Youth
Justice Act 1992, on 11 February 2014, in an attempt to control and reduce young people offending and achieve improved outcomes for young
offenders and their families. However, the reforms are argumentative with stakeholders believing that the amendments breach the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child. This report will evaluate Queensland's criminal justice system's ability to effectively balance the rights of
juvenile offenders with the society's need for order, as well as examine different stakeholder perspectives and make justified recommendations about
legal issues and their outcomes. 2.0 Legislation The Youth Justice Act 1992 (QLD) contains laws for juveniles who commit offences, or are alleged to
have committed offences. Under the law a juvenile is a person who is not old enough, by statutory age of criminal responsibility, to be held accountable
for their criminal acts. In most Australian jurisdictions the maximum age for treatment as a child for criminal offences is 17 years. However,
Queensland is the only Australian jurisdiction that deals with 17–year–olds as adults in the criminal justice system. The purpose of the Youth Justice
Act 1992 (QLD) is to provide fair and balanced law to juvenile offenders to effectively balance their rights with the society's need for order. The Act
also provides services

The Positive Effects Of Employment On Lowering Recidivism
Much research has been done regarding the positive effect employment has on lowering recidivism. However, little research has been done to
determine the effect a criminal record, including registration as a sex offender, has on finding gainful employment. Holzer's 1996 study (as cited by
Johnson, 2006) found that two–thirds of employers in major cities would avoid hiring known ex–offenders, indicating that regardless of public policies
that may make finding employment difficult, ex–offenders ultimately still have to overcome the social stigma of their criminal histories. Negative
community attitudes towards criminal history are even worse for those who are registered sex offenders (Willis, Levenson, & Ward, 2010). With the
addition of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the researchers also found that the unemployment rate among released offenders was over six times higher than that of the general
population at the time of the study in 2009. Furthermore, the unemployment rate among ex–offenders within nine months of release from prison was
between 92–97 percent. Potential Barriers to Employment Unemployment can be especially hard to tackle when a limited number of fields are open
to those who are looking for jobs. A 1998 Bureau of Justice Statisitcs Report (as quoted by Travis, Solomon, & Waul, 2001) found that a number of
fields were off limits to ex–offenders looking for work, including "law, real estate, medicine, nursing, physical therapy, and education". Released sex
offenders may face further restrictions in which fields they may enter depending on the stipulations of their release. Johnson (2006) notes that due to
internet usage restrictions, some released sex offenders are not able to perform jobs that require use of the internet. Such restrictions may severely limit
the job opportunities for ex–offenders. Once an ex–offender finds a field in which they can work, they can be subject to further scrutiny through the
use of criminal background checks by hiring managers. Nally, et al. (2014) noted a number of studies showing that

Female Sex Offenders
Most people tend to overlook women sex offenders compared to men who are sex offenders. Women are just as likely to be a sex offender just as men
are. Typically, women sex offenders tend to prey on their students if they happen to be a school teacher. This gives them the access to hundreds of
under aged children every school year that they can prey on sometimes, be in an intimate relationship with them. When someone hears something
regarding a sex offender, we typically automatically assume it is a male who committed the act and the crime. Males tend not to report their
victimization, which may affect statistics. Some men even feel societal pressure to be proud of early sexual activity, regardless of whether it was
unwanted, according to The United States ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
About ninety five percent of people who are unwilling being forced into sex are usually young women. Many people tend to stereotype women being
caring, harmless, and trusting compared to men. While the rates of sexual acts being forced by women are lower compared to men, they do still
commit the illegal activity upon others. Many female sex offenders tend to be younger aged compared to male sex offenders. The average age of
female sex offenders is about thirty six years old and tend to be friends, family, or acquaintances of the victim. Female sex offenders tend to persuade
their victims easier than male sex offenders since females are usually motherly and nurturing, making them seem more trustworthy. It tends to be more
difficult to distinguish a female sex offender compared to female sex offenders. Female sex offenders are usually under reported, unrecognizable and
considered more ethically acceptable than male abuse, according to an article on

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) Essay
Youth crime is a growing epidemic that affects most teenagers at one point in their life. There is no question in society to whether or not youths are
committing crimes. It has been shown that since 1986 to 1998 violent crime committed by youth jumped approximately 120% (CITE). The most
controversial debate in Canadian history would have to be about the Young Offenders Act(YOA). In 1982, Parliament passed the Young Offenders Act
(YOA). Effective since 1984, the Young Offenders Act replaced the most recent version of the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA). The Young Offenders
Act's purpose was to shift from a social welfare approach to making youth take responsibility for their actions. It also addressed concerns that the
paternalistic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Youth crime is a tough issue, with many differing opinions. Punishment and rehabilitation, one, the other, or both, all topics of debate within society. If
you were to discuss the issues with the parents of a victim, it would be understandable that their opinions would differ greatly than those of the parents
of the offender. Many people have formed an opinion without an in depth look at the act. Others simply do not care.
The question that needs to be answered is, does the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Canada properly address the victims' rights, the rights and needs of
the young offender, and does it protect public safety? That question is hard to answer, as some people think that the Act is a more decent and humane
way to approach young persons in trouble with the law. On the other hand others feel it offers too much protection to those whom least deserve it––
the young offenders, and very little to those who deserve it –– the victims. The Youth Criminal Justice Act should concentrate on making young
offenders aware that they will be held responsible and accountable for their behaviour.
Today, despite the fact that youth crime rates

Mentoring Program to Reduce Juvenile Recidivism
Introduction
Youth are often confronted with socio–economical and political challenges including poverty, ethic and minority status and are often cited as at risk for
committing long–term community problems like rise in crime due to substance abuse, school drop–out and several forms of academic failures,
delinquencies, criminal offenses and unemployment (e.g. Grisso, Vincent & Seagrave, 2005; Champion & Mays, 1991; Fellmeth, 2002). According to
Grisso and his colleagues (2005), the argument that in order to help young offenders that were placed under rehabilitation centers reconnect to
community and avoid recidivism is to provide them education and employment opportunities upon release. It is in this area where mentoring programs
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. Mentoring Programs in Reducing Recidivism
Studies suggest that young people are often at risk of re–offending (e.g. Sharkey, et al, 2003; Vincent & Seagrave, 2005). Sharkey and his colleagues
explained that youth often reoffend since, as they prepare themselves in returning to their respective communities, they are usually confronted by
similar situations that had influenced their behaviors prior to committing offenses. Another group of researchers however show that youth engaged in
education, employment and other productive endeavors in their communities within 6 to 8 months after their release are less vulnerable to commit
another offense (e.g. Keating, et al., 2002, Bullis, et al, 2002, Grossman & Tierney, 2008). In the literature, mentoring programs are often advocated as
an effective intervention in helping young offenders in fostering one–to–one relationships (a young offender with a caring adult) and in connecting them
to promising education and employment opportunities upon their release Supporters of this view highlight that positive relationship with caring adults
strengthens the protective factors which help young offenders to overcome structural and institutional hurdles to having healthy and productive lives.
Keating,

Juvenile Delinquency Act ( Jda ) And Young Offenders Act
Juvenile delinquents, individuals who are under 18 and have committed a crime, have been sentenced in a variety of procedures throughout the years.
This may occur for various crimes such as theft, sexual assaults, etc. Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), a part of Canadian Legislation, determines the
process of prosecution for youths under the Canadian Criminal Justice system. This has assisted several young adults reintegrate into society. It
contains a set of definitive purposes and principles to aid judges in deciding sentences that are appropriate for youth. Prior to the YCJA, the Youth
Justice Legislation was greatly influenced by two major acts: Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) and Young Offenders Act (YOA). JDA, established in
1908, was recognized as an unjust act because judges were authorized to declare a sentence based on their opinion, not the law. Similarly, YOA (1984)
provided unsuccessful sentences that consisted of inconsistent and vague principles. In 2003, the Youth Criminal Justice Act was introduced to
generate equilibrium intervening the juridical framework of YOA and the social needs approach underlying the JDA. However, great controversy has
been held against the act due to several individuals who presume it holds no purpose. Many infer that it is unjust to not be able to refer to the youth's
criminal record and to have an age boundary, although numerous statistics and criminal rate changes have disproved this. The Youth Criminal Justice
Act has been

The State Law Enforcement Agency
The state law enforcement agency that obtained the offender's information is responsible for entering the data into the appropriate record system and
notifies the appropriate law enforcement agency that resides over the jurisdiction of the offender. All of the data collected from the offender will also
be transferred to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Every year on the date of the person's initial registration the state law enforcement agency will
mail them a nonforwardable verification form to their last reported address. The person then is required to mail the verification form to the
designated state law enforcement agency with ten days. Verification forms must be signed and the person must report they still reside at the same
address last reported to the state law enforcement agency. Failure to mail the verification form within ten days results in a violation of the act unless
the person is able to prove their address has not changed (statute). Convicted offenders who must register are required to comply until "ten years
have elapsed" since they have been released from prison, paroled, given supervised release or put on probation. The requirement of a person to
register may also be terminated when it is determined the person "no longer suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder that would
make the person likely to engage in a predatory sexually violent offense." A person who knowingly fails to register and keep registration current is
subject to

improvements of our youth criminal justice system Essay
When thinking about youth crime do you envision a country with a high rate of young offenders, gang activity and re–offending? Or do you envision a
country with a significant increase of young offenders either being successfully reintegrated into society, or helped by a community when seeking
forgiveness for a minor offence that they have committed? Since the passing of Bill C–7 or the YouthCriminal Justice Act on February 4, 2002 by the
House of Commons, many significant improvements have been made in Canada's youth criminal justice system on how to handle and care for young
offenders. Some of the reasons why Bill C–7 was passed in Canada was because the bill before it, Young Offenders Act, had many problems and
suffered large amounts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These measures usually involve small group gatherings consisting of the offender, the victim and a third party at a community based level; the process
of Extrajudicial Measures must usually remain incomplete until a reasonable solution is negotiated between the three parties. Although the Young
Offenders Act allowed the use of alternative measures or diversions (Philip Rosen,2000) also known as Extrajudicial Measures as in the YCJA, little
details were given as to their purpose or to what constitutes appropriate use of these measures. According to statistics by Cheryl Engler & Shannon
Crowe (2000), "For every 10,000 youth in Canada, 135 participated in alternative measures" (highlights). These Statistics clearly show the lack of
knowledge on these measures as they represent the amount of times the courts have implemented them. In order to clarify when and why these
methods are supposed to be implemented, parliament further detailed the term alternative measures within the Youth Criminal Justice Acts renaming
the term to Extrajudicial Measures. "Police–reported data show that charges were laid or recommended against 42% of youth accused of a Criminal
Code offence in 2006, while 58% of youth accused were given a warning, caution, referral to a community or extrajudicial ..." (Andrea Taylor–Butts &
Angela Bressan, 2009). As we can clearly see with the passing of the Youth Criminal Justice Act, large numbers of young

If Offenders, Young People Are Expected Act Like A...
If offenders, young people are expected to act like a standard person of their age. In Mullin v Richards, 1998, Teresa Mullin and Heidi Richards,
who were friends, were sitting next to each other at a desk in school. While playing fighting with plastic rules, using them as swards, Teresa Mullin
was injured by a fragment of the rule, which snapped and went in her right eye, causing her to loose most of her eye sight. Teresa sued the school
for negligence, as well as Heidy. However, it was decided by the court that Heidy was expected, as standard, to act like a 15 years old student, and not
like a reasonable adult. Concluding with the judges deciding that Heidy was not in breach of duty, as she had met the standards of a 15 years old... Show
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This causation is identified with the 'but for' test, in other words, 'but for the defendant's breach of duty would the damage or injury have occurred?'
the main case would be Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee, 1968, where the husband of the claimant went to the
hospital due to strong stomach pain and vomiting. He was sent home after the Accident and Emergency department refused to examine him. After five
hours, he died due to arsenic poisoning. The hospital owed the man duty of care and were also in breach after refusing to examine him. However,
they were not liable as even if they had conducted the examinations the man would have died prior the results and treatment. Meaning that he would
have died if the breach was or was not present, as their breach did not cause him to die.
Remoteness of damage consists in establishing whether the offender is liable for only the damages, if the consequences were foreseeable from the
breach of duty. In other words, the judges have to be able to establish where and when do the consequence act start and finish, as some may be too
remote to be included as they may happen years after if not earlier, depending on the circumstances. For example, in The Wagon Mound case, a test of
reasonable foreseeability was established. This case consisted in the offender accidently spilling oil in the claimant's wharf, while he was fueling
another ship. At the time, there were welding

Juvenile Justice System Analysis
Throughout the world, almost every country recognizes that children who commit crimes are different from adults: as a class, they are less
blameworthy, and they have a greater capacity for change. To respond to these differences with fairness and equity, a separate youth justice system was
established apart from the traditional court. Today, many countries have youth justice systems to account for the fact that young offenders and adults
have very different needs and circumstances. While most countries have a youth justice system in place, the parameters that regulate each vary
extensively in some cases. For example, in Germany, you can still be tried under the Juvenile Justice Act, even if you're 20 years old. In Canada, you
would be charged... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First enacted in 1908, Canada's Juvenile Delinquents Act and its subsequent amendments guided the structure of Canadian juvenile justice until 1984.
The 1908 Act was the first law to require different legal procedures and different sentences for juveniles. Later, Canada's 1984Young Offenders Act
replaced the 1908 Juvenile Delinquents Act. The new legislation set the national range for juvenile jurisdiction at ages 12 to 18. By the early 2000s,
however, Canada surprisingly had one of the highest rates of youth custody in the world. Increasingly, the costs of youth custody were also becoming a
significant fiscal burden. By 2003, the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) finally replaced the Young Offenders Act. Even though legislation guiding
juvenile justice policy and practice changed several times in recent decades, the current system, the YCJA, shows considerable promise in its ability to
restrict the use of secure confinement to only the most serious and violent young offenders. Thus, also reducing the crime rate greatly in Canada.
Throughout the 1900s, the practice of youth justice in Germany vacillated between rehabilitation and punishment. Following World War I, Germany
passed legislation to create a system that incorporated both philosophies. The Juvenile Welfare Act of 1922 addressed youths in need of care and the
Juvenile Justice Act of 1923

Introduction. Toronto, Including The Greater Toronto Area,
Introduction
Toronto, including the Greater Toronto Area, is a multicultural and urban Canadian city with a current population of 5,406,324 (Monga Bay, n.d.). In
1985, Canada had an estimated population 3,356,000 and an estimated population of 4,925,000 people in 2005 (Monga Bay, n.d.). The fluctuation in
population reflects a simple change in number over time and that change can cause an alteration of societal values, striving to change the criminal justice
system.
Youth probation officers have a role in the criminal justice system to supervise young offenders to ensure a compliance with court orders and are on
good behaviour for an arranged period of time (Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Service, 2016). Youth... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, the perspectives of the youth probation officers in Toronto may differ from youth probation officers from other cities in Ontario, along with
other provinces and territories. In addition, another limitation of this paper is that the answers given by the youth probation officers were done within
the past five years, during the Youth Criminal Justice Act. However, the act was implemented in 2003, with many officers who started their work prior
to the enactment, which may cause a variation of their values in youth justice. To counter this complication, the interviews will provide insight on
challenges the youth probation officers in the city have faced progressively.
Young Offenders Act
Criminal justice systems, along with the accompanying policies, are continuously changing and moving towards modernity (Brabazon, 2017). There is
a change in value judgement when modernity is applied to society. The movement towards modernity and the shift in value judgment makes a criminal
justice system supposedly morally superior with the combination of human rights (Brabazon, 2017).
As previously mentioned, from 1984 to 2003, Canada used the Young Offenders Act as the legislation for the youth criminal justice system
(Umamaheswar, 2013, p. 1163). The Young Offenders Act replaced the Juvenile Delinquents Act and preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act that
Canada currently uses (Umamaheswar, 2013, p. 1163). The Young

Essay on Sex Offender Registry
Protecting Our Community
Brittany L Turner
English 093
Summer 2012
Ivy Tech Community College
Protecting Our Community
Introduction
The number of registered sex offenders have increasingly grew over the years. Every day you see a man or women added to the registry for crimes
against women and mostly children. The sex offender registries biggest and main focus is to keep the people in the community in each city and state
informed and protected. "Sex offenders and sex crimes provoke a great deal of anxiety in our society." Baker, J, Brannon, Y, N., Fortney. , Levenson,
J.S. ("Public Perceptions about Sex Offenders and Community Protection"). The sex offender registry is based solely on protecting the public from
being a victim ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Community notification also known as "Megan Law" permitted anyone of the law enforcement personnel to disclose all registered sex offenders
information to neighborhood residents. This is alerting the residents that a sex offender has recently moved into their area.
Community Notification and does it ensure families safety
"Prosecutorial Remedies and other tool to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act "were passed in 2003. This Act allowed people to search
different state borders for information on sex offenders in other cities and states. Some effective community notification strategies are alerting the
public through News, press releases, newsletters, and sometimes door–to– door warnings of the sex offenders in the area serves a good purpose. Now
days states are mandated by the Federal government to put the sex offender registry online so that anyone web access can stay notified.
The internet has become so helpful and useful about keeping the public alerted and informed on their surrounding as well as their children's
surrounding. The internet is now the primary source for finding for finding information on any registered sex offender no matter where they might be.
The sex offender registry was created the public about sexually predators that might live in any area. The registries increase the

Megan's Law Case
History Megan's Law is named after a girl, Megan Kanka, who at only 7 years old was kidnapped, sexually assaulted then murdered in cold blood.
The man who did this had a prior conviction for sexual assault. The murderer, Jesse Timmendequas moved across the street from Megan and her
family. He was sentenced to death but never got put to death because on December 17, 2007 the New Jersey Legislature abolished the death penalty.
His new sentence was life in prison without any possibility of parole. However, they did not have the proper resources to know about his criminal
history. Megan's Law is a legislation that exists in the United States. It requires individuals that are convicted in sex crimes involving children or
minors to register in the database containing all the names of all known and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The importance of protecting the safety of the public and most importantly, the children is a lot higher than the offenders right to privacy. According to
a study done by Expert Law, the biggest raised concern is the fear of vigilantism. That is, "law enforcement undertaken without legal authority by a
self–appointed group of people." The fear was if neighbors learned about a sex offender's presence in their neighborhood and decided to force them out
or cause physical harm, which is illegal. Violent acts against offenders are uncommon.
Megan's Law comes with the disadvantage that it discourages many sex offenders from participating in the registry due to the fear factor of them
being attacked or looked at differently in their neighborhood. Even though it is a felony offense to fail to register on Megan's Law, around 20% of
offenders do not comply with the registration requirement. The United Kingdom does not have public disclosure laws. A study was performed in 2001
that stated a very high 97% compliance with registering without

The Youth Criminal Justice Act
In Spring 2009, three offenders, all in grade eleven , set two houses is Sherwood park on fire. The youth criminal justice Act (YCJA) provided
opportunities for them to reintegrate and rehabilitate, instead of throwing them in jail. YCJA covers kids between the ages twelve to seventeen years
old. It 's purpose is to handle youth offenders more differently than adults because of their undeveloped minds. The YCJA was released back in 2003.
By protecting the rights and providing Youth Canadians the support they need, the YCJA benefits the offenders in a positive way. The act gentrust the
youth a second chance to make sure they don 't reoffend by rehabilitating and reintegrating them. Also youth over the age 14 years can get an adult
sentence if necessary. Therefore, the YCJA is an effective law because it supports everyone; youth will acquire the help they need and Public Safety is
insured.
One of the most important components in the YCJA is that it allows youth to receive a second chance. After they have been rehabilitated, and five
years have passed, their criminal record will be sealed. In addition, the act will enforce and conceal the identity of the young offender. The media ban
allows the twelve year old girl who murdered her family (consists of three people) will eventually be able to apply for the job of her preference. She is
less likely to be rejected and the will not be recognized by the public since she was covered by the media ban. Criminal record

The First Sex Offender Register Law
United States
California enacted the first sex offender register law in 1944. However, sex offender registers in the United States did not become widespread until the
1990s. The Jacob Wetterling Act 1994 was named after 11
–year–old Jacob Wetterling who was abducted and to this day has never been found. The
Jacob Wetterling Act implemented the first nation–wide sex offender register. Originally, the concept of a sex offender register was intended to for
use solely by law enforcement; it was not an intention for the sex offender register to be public. However in 1996, Megan's Law was added to the
Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act 1994 and made it a requirement for the information on sex
offender registers to be accessible by the public. Megan's Law was enacted as a result of a heinous crime where 7–year–old Megan Kanka was raped
and murdered by her neighbour, who had two previous convictions for sexually assaulting young girls. In 2006, Congress passed the Adam Walsh
Child Protection and Safety Act. This Act required states to enact stricter registration requirements, including an increase in the penalty for not
registering and more frequent verification of sex offenders' locations. Since 2006 public access to sex offender registers has been accessible on the
Internet in most states. On these websites you can search for an offender by name or location, and find information such as their photo, convictions,
address,

The Pros And Cons Of The Juvenile Justice System
Blended sentencing laws–which give courts discretion in some cases to impose juvenile and/or adult sentences on young offenders–became popular
during the 1990s as a means of broadening the spectrum of available sanctions. These laws variously allow courts to impose: 1. An adult or a juvenile
sentence; 2. Both a juvenile and an adult sentence; or 3. A sentence that exceeds the normal limit of juvenile court jurisdiction. Since 2002, Ohio has
provided a blended sentencing alternative for designated serious youth offenders, who receive both a juvenile and an adult sentence. The Ohio
sentencing alternative was modeled on Minnesota's blended sentencing alternative, referred to as Extended Juvenile Jurisdiction (EJJ). Under this
system, the suspended adult–system sentence may be imposed if the offender does not comply with the terms of the juvenile court sentence. The
Minnesota and Ohio alternatives are sometimes referred to as a "last chance" for young offenders to remain in the juvenile justice system. Both states
have retained the traditional option of transfer to adult court for serious juvenile offenders. Researchers who have studied how prosecutorial decisions
are made under these systems generally assume that prosecutors use a two–step process whereby they first decide whether a particular case involving a
juvenile defendant will be prosecuted in juvenile court or motioned for a specialized processing track. In the second stage, prosecutors decide whether

Social Policy And The Access Of The Judiciary System
What is Social Policy and the link to the Judiciary system
Social policy aims to improve human welfare and to meet human needs. Important areas of social policy are wellbeing and welfare, unemployment
insurance, pensions, the NHS, social housing, family policy, social care, child protection, crime and criminal justice and labour issues. It was said
problems of children who were deprived or abused have been connected closely with issues concerning young offenders (Spicker.uk, 2015).This
statement involves various roles from professionals in the judiciary system. Under the Children's Act 1998 the local authority's functions where to
provide services which support children and their families (Anon, 2015). Social workers would have had involvement during the individual's young
life and have already taken action in order to prevent the abuse therefore preventing young offenders. In turn victim support would support the
individual if they are required in a court setting; they will advise if they are feeling worried, nervous or afraid. If an individual becomes a young
offender the Youth offending teams within the court support them by; staying in touch with a young person if they're sentenced in custody, charged
with a crime and has to go to court or if a young person is arrested. The youth offending team work closely with the probation services (Gov.uk, 2015).
Leeds Crown Court
The first impression of the Crown Court building is initially imposing and intimidating; however the

Young Offenders In Australia
your response.
The Australian criminal justice system approaches young offenders through unique strategies to address the challenges of dealing with juvenile
offending. Even though young offenders commit a higher percentage of crime compared to adults, young offenders also have the highest likelihood to
be rehabilitated and change their lifestyle as they mature, resulting in a lower court appearance percentage due to the different rights children have.
There are a few repetitive reasons for young people to be involved in crime. These include poor parental supervision, drug and alcohol abuse, neglect
and abuse, homelessness, negative peer associations, difficulties in school and employment.
The justice achieved for young offenders is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The processing of these crimes help to embed the key of legal knowledge in the mind of a child hoping to shape their future actions. NSW age of
criminal responsibility is defined by statute as 10 years of age, which is recognised in Children's (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW). Meaning
that a child under 10 years of age cannot be charged for a crime. The basis of this is the recognition of the immaturity and exposure of children and
their inability to form the requisite criminal intent known as mens

Probation Vs Adult Probation
In today's court system, probation is a very common alternative for most all offenses. Probation is used as an alternative opposed to serving jail time.
The role of a Probation Officer is summed up best by the mission statement on display in my hometown's probation office; and the statement is, "The
job of a Shelby County Probation Officer is to effect positive changed behavior in each client through the use of evidence based practices, while
becoming proven leaders in promoting and improving community safety. " There are some similarities and difference between the juvenile and adult
probation departments. Some of their similarities included how they work within the day to day and their active duties within the legal system. They
differ in the sense where, one is working intensively with the youth, because they're sentenced probation time is very short and rushed period, yet the
adult officer could be working with a client for years and years. Although they mostly worked through the same training and evidence based practices,
the two departments are different in their own entirety. An Adult Probation Officer is a law professional who works with individuals who are granted
probation instead of serving jail time for their offense . Some duties of an Adult Probation Officer include keeping in contact with the offender and
potentially their families, good listening and communication skills, having good time management, teaching good time management to offenders, being

Essay On Youth Crime In Canada
Youth crime in Canada is an interesting and diverse topic regarding criminology and sociology. Youth crime comes in many forms and includes various
reasoning behind the crimes committed. The Young Offenders Act is the previous act set forth regarding laws about youth crime in Canada. The Youth
Criminal Justice Act is the current act enforcing laws regarding youth crime in Canada today. The articles I have chosen all relate back to the Young
Offenders Act and the Criminal Justice Act regarding different areas of youth crime in Canada. The first article researched looks at and evaluates the
Young Offenders Act and the Youth Criminal Justice Act and the much
–needed provisions made to ensure proper and fair dealings with youth crime.
The next article ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article also researches which act the judges' tend to be fairer in giving probation sentences. These articles all fall into the context of both criminal
justice youth acts in Canada but research different areas of youth crime in Canada. The Young Offenders Act and the Youth Criminal Justice Act are
both very important when looking at youth crime in Canada today. The Youth Criminal Justice Act has taken over the Young Offenders Act for
various reasons. The Young Offenders Act posed many issues regarding youth crime in Canada. According to Bala, Carrington & Roberts (2009),
"The Young Offenders Act, which came into force in 1984, was a highly controversial statute. While conservative politicians criticized the law for
being 'soft on youth crime,' there were also concerns that, under the YOA, use of courts and custody had risen, and by the early years of the
millennium, Canada had one of the lowest rates of youth diversion and one of the highest rates of youth custody in the world (p. 132) Due to these
issues and many others, the Youth Criminal Justice Act was formed, in hopes of

How To Rehabilitate Youth Offenders In Canada
A lot of Canadian youth face issues such as living in poverty, living in violent neighbourhoods and sometimes that leads to them becoming young
offenders. In order to help these youth become positive contributing parts of Canadian society the impact that the Youth Criminal Justice Act and the
Safe Streets and Communities Act has had on them must be studied. Therefore this essay will address the questions of whether the purpose of the
legislation we have to deal with youth offenders is to rehabilitate youth or punish them, and whether or not the method being used by the Canadian
government is effective in allowing young offenders to create and lead a stable life after being released from jail. This paper will argue that the main
goal of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However the SSCA changed the order of these principles so that it now says that "(a) the youth criminal justice system is intended to protect the public
by
(i) holding young person's accountable through measures that are proportionate to the seriousness of the offence and the degree of responsibility of the
young person,
(ii) promoting the rehabilitation and reintegration of young persons who have committed offences, and iii) supporting the prevention of crime by
referring young persons to programs or agencies in the community to address the circumstances underlying their offending

The Treatment Of Young Offenders
In past years the treatment of young offenders has evolved in favour of minors, as rehabilitation has become a major aspect in the heeling and
learning process for youths. The Youth Criminal Justice Act has been created for young offenders aged twelve to seventeen. This Act was made in
order to allow offenders mentoring and rehabilitation, in order to prevent further criminal actions that may occur. This enforces the idea that
mentoring offenders is indeed a motivating factor; in which aids the young offenders effectively in a positive manner. This is beneficial to any
youth offender, as they have not developed fully mentally and or physically, this is the deciding factor in regards to why they have more leniency
than an adult committing a criminal action. In addition to the lack of full development; young offenders are more prone to act on their behalf due to
the fact they may have come from a disjointed family, they may have been raised in a bad neighbourhood, as well as being abused within their
household. Young offenders should receive a second chance to learn and grow on the behalf of their actions, therefore rehabilitation is necessary in this
process. The right approach in regards to criminal acts committed by young offenders; is that they need to be given an opportunity to learn from their
mistakes in order to prevent future re–offences. The Youth Criminal Justice Act outlines the various laws with respect to offending minors; these acts
are put in place within

Megan's Law Case Study
Jennifer, I enjoyed reading your post, especially when you mention employers hiring sex offenders taking opposing employment action against that
employee based on the sex offender status. Megan's Law is different from state to state. Tennessee Megan's Law says that within 48 hours upon release
from prison the offender must register; can one commit a crime within that 48–hour window. (Megan's Law for Tennessee, 2016) Tennessee Megan's
Law states if you move into Tennessee from another state and are a registered offender you must register with Tennessee, who notifies Tennessee when
an offender relocates here. (Megan's Law for Tennessee, 2016) Offenders want the chance to move back into society, but the Megan's Law needs more
classification to make offenders accountable. It seems as if the Fourth... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A sex offender cannot live or work within 1,000 feet of parks or educational institutions, and state laws say those who committed crimes against minors
cannot live with children. (TENN. CODE ANN. В§ 40–39–203, West, 2008) For example, a sex offender in Nashville lived in a duplex next door to
his son, daughter–in–law, and grandchildren. He was kicked out of his house; therefore, he filed a lawsuit regarding his right to live in the duplex and
have his own children visit. Nashville Criminal Court Judge Seth Norman ruled in 2013 that the law's ban on residing with a minor did not include the
duplex living arrangement nor overnight visits. (Barchenger, 2016) However, the lawsuit challenges the retroactive application of the sex offender
registry laws, including those restrictions on contact with children, work, and residency. It argues those restrictions violate the due process clause of
the Fourteen Amendment and a constitutional provision known as the ex–post facto clause, which says laws cannot retroactively enact punishment for
previously legal

How Effective Is The Youth Justice System Essay
Introduction
How effective is the Youth Justice System in responding to youth crime? Since the arrival of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect,
the crime rates have decreased. Previously Canada had one of the highest youth incarceration rates in the western world. However since the Youth
Criminal Justice Act got put into place in 2003, the crime rates have declined significantly. The Youth Justice System does their best to better and
rehabilitate the adolescents that get into trouble with the law. They provide youth with rehabilitation programs, behavioral programs, and diversion
programs. The purpose of the Youth Justice System is to rehabilitate and make these teens positive members of society. This paper argues that Youth
Criminal Justice System is effective in responding to youth crime. Specifically, this paper with discussing rehabilitation for young juvenile delinquents,
downfalls of stats and crime sentencing and a better lifestyle for the youth after juvenile detention.Therefore, the Youth Justice System attempts to
provide teens with a brighter future no matter what they are being charged with.
Youth offenders is a person who has been convicted or cautioned for a criminal offense between the ages 12–17. However. youth age 14–17 may be
charged as an adult under certain circumstances. If the person being charged is under the age of 12 the ministry of children and family development
deals with it. Prior to the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)

The Department Of Juvenile Justice
The Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) appointed a new commissioner at the beginning of 1983, at this time the department was facing many
organizational issues. The state legislature had previously passed legislation affecting the environment in which the organization operated affecting the
population it was originally intending to serve. Internally the DJJ faced many challenges involving organizational goals, routines, engaged staff, and
new leadership. It is recommended that the organization take actions to adjust to the environment and align its goals with the new legislature. The
newly appointed commissioner should adjust her management towards a task–orientated leadership until the critical director and staff positions are
fulfilled. Once the department directors are in place, directives can be established to develop department routines. Hired management can then enforce
standard operation procedures as needed to optimize the performance of the organization.
Service Population and State Regulation
A change in service population at Spofford was a result of new legislation passed in 1978. Public concern and legislature in New York had a
significant impact on the Department of Juvenile Justice; Spofford was to absorb serious juvenile offenders due to the Juvenile Offender Act. This
resulted in a shift of the service population from status offender to include more serious juvenile offenders (Varley, 1987, p. 6). This change in
legislation and youth population

The Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in...
The reservation of the Convention on the Rights of a Child (CROC) had played invaluable role in charging the way in which young offenders are
dealt with within the Australia Criminal Process. Including the introduction of the theory known as Doli Incapax meaning the age of criminal
reasonability, the Young Offender Act 1997 NSW as well new law regarding the rights of a child once they have been arrested. It is evident that these
while some of charges are still ineffective in dealing with Young Offenders within theCriminal Justice System the majority of them are in place for the
greater good and are assisting young offenders when it relates to the Criminal Justice System.
Doli Incapax is just one of the ways in which children are now treated more equally under the law. According to the theory 'it is presumption that
children are incapable of having criminal intent' which in terms means that children under the age of 10 are unable to be charge with any criminal
offence and when relating to children 10 to 13 the prosecution make be able to show that the child at the time of the alleged offence actually know
what they were doing was seriously wrong. According to Section 6 of the Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 children have rights equal to
adult offender and have a right to be heard and participate in criminal proceedings that affect them, children are responsible for their actions however
require guidance and assistance and where possible a child should be able to

Convicted Sex Offenders Research Paper
Convicted Sex Offenders
Convicted sex offenders should have their addresses publicized. People would like to know they live in a safe neighborhood. As everyone should
be aware of it. Many people believe it shouldn't but it really should be. However, the safety of others is important when it comes to this topic. People
would be aware and would know the right actions to take. Convicted sex offenders should have their addresses publicized because it is for the safety
of other, so they do not do it again and because people should know.
First, lots of people want to be safe and know if a convicted sex offender is living around them. These people want what is best for their families. So,
knowing if a convicted sex offender is living close by helps.

The Juvenile Justice System Is The Primary System Used
The Juvenile Justice System is the primary system used to handle youth who are convicted of criminal offenses. It is just over 100 years old. Over
time it has gone through several changes and its unlikely to disappear anytime soon. We as Americans are still trying to find different ways to
approach juvenile justice vs. approaching it as adult justice. Throughout most of history, young adults and or children did not have a separate status
between juvenile and adults. Once you reached the ages of 5 or 6, you became apart of the adult society. There was no separate system for dealing
with youth offenders. In the early 1800s, problems with how to deal with youth offenders began to come about due to society going through economical
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All juveniles under the age of 16 could be handled by the court. Between 1960s and the 1980s, attention and speculation began to rise about the concern
of the juvenile delinquency and court system. During this time, this era was characterized by distinctly harsh punishments for youths. They were also
wanting to focus on providing minors with due process and legal counsel in court. Even though they were trying to provide help to youth offenders,
criticism during this time, focused on racial discrimination, gender disparities and discrimination towards children with mental health problems or
learning disabilities. Through out the years, crime rates rose and the misrepresentation from the media began around the 1960s and went through the
1980s. Today in America, no population poses a larger threat to public safety than juvenile offenders. Juvenile justice system deal with three types of
case; Delinquents, status offenders, neglected, abused or dependent youth. Over the years, many states have established family courts to deal with
offenders and cases with the status of neglect. Throughout the years, there has always been some type of tension between police and young offenders.
In my personal opinion, I think this comes from the music that the youth listens to. Most state statues provide some guidance for arrest procedures. As
an officer, you have the discretion in deciding when to arrest juvenile offenders.

Youth Justice Conferencing Case Study

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