This study analyze the influence of self-protection, handling infectious materials, and health of employees and the most influence of independent variable to work productivity in the laboratory of regional public hospital (a case at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto). This study is a survey of employees in the laboratory of RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto. The total sample had been done with 44 subjects. Primary data were taken by distributing questionnaires of self-protection (X1), infectious materials handling (X2), employee health (X3), and work productivity (Y). The secondary data were obtained in relation to research which is the number and characteristics of laboratory employees, work productivity indicators, and others. Data collection by questionnaire used 1 to 7 Likert scale, interview and observation. Reliability and validity tests for the questionnaire, the conversion of ordinal into interval according to succesive interval methods, the classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis, F test, t test, and elasticity were done by statistical analysis. The result shows that Coefficient of determination is 74,2%, means 74,2% of work productivity in the laboratory are influenced by independent variables in this study. Independent variables jointly affect work productivity in the laboratory, Fcount > Ftable. Independent variables partially affect work productivity in the laboratory, tcount> ttable (X1=6,993>1,96; X2=2,704>1,96; X3=4,082>1,96). Self protection is the most influence on work productivity in the laboratory with the elasticity of 0,483. Based on the results, determinant factors were affected to work productivity, and self protection is the most influence on work productivity in laboratory.

1. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.3.6.1 ISSN: 2456-7817
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Determinants of Work Productivity in
Laboratory of Regional Public Hospital
Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi1
, Suliyanto2
, Wiwiek R. Adawiyah3
,
Ahmad Fajri4
1
Department of Clinical Pathology of Medical Science Faculty of Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Email: liemsianhok@yahoo.com
2,3
Department of Economic of Jendral Soedirman University, Indonesia
4
Departmnet of Financial Analysis of Semarang State Polytechnic, Indonesia
Abstract— This study analyze the influence of self-protection, handling infectious materials, and health of
employees and the most influence of independent variable to work productivity in the laboratory of regional
public hospital (a case at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto). This study is a survey of employees
in the laboratory of RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto. The total sample had been done with 44
subjects. Primary data were taken by distributing questionnaires of self-protection (X1), infectious materials
handling (X2), employee health (X3), and work productivity (Y). The secondary data were obtained in relation to
research which is the number and characteristics of laboratory employees, work productivity indicators, and
others. Data collection by questionnaire used 1 to 7 Likert scale, interview and observation. Reliability and
validity tests for the questionnaire, the conversion of ordinal into interval according to succesive interval
methods, the classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis, F test, t test, and elasticity were done by
statistical analysis. The result shows that Coefficient of determination is 74,2%, means 74,2% of work
productivity in the laboratory are influenced by independent variables in this study. Independent variables
jointly affect work productivity in the laboratory, Fcount > Ftable. Independent variables partially affect work
productivity in the laboratory, tcount> ttable (X1=6,993>1,96; X2=2,704>1,96; X3=4,082>1,96). Self
protection is the most influence on work productivity in the laboratory with the elasticity of 0,483. Based on the
results, determinant factors were affected to work productivity, and self protection is the most influence on work
productivity in laboratory.
Keywords— self-protection, infectious materials handling, employee health, work productivity.
I. INTRODUCTION
The laboratory is one of the supporting facilities for
health services in hospitals. Laboratory installations
consist of clinical pathology laboratories, anatomic
pathology laboratories, microbiology laboratories, and
forensic laboratories. Not all laboratory types are in every
hospital because of the different types and levels of each
hospital. The most frequent laboratory installations in a
hospital are clinical pathology laboratories with
microbiology, and anatomical pathology laboratories.
The establishment of a laboratory for health services
requires certain conditions that must be met,
implemented, and evaluated. Establishment of
laboratories requires certain places, chemicals and their
storage, provision of laboratory equipment and their
placement, security and safety procedures, handling of
specimens and infectious waste, prevention of infections
and health efforts of workers and human resources. The
whole must be standardized and carried out as much as
possible with the aim in order to provide optimal and
quality service. These provisions are also intended for
internal parties so that occupational safety and health in
the laboratory can be guaranteed. The last thing is very
important to note because without guaranteeing
occupational safety and health, laboratory staff can be
easily exposed to infections and other negative
impacts. The situation does not provide a comfortable
atmosphere for internal employees. Management is
required to handle this.
According to the US Department of Laboratory Bureau
od Laboratory Statistics in Teguh (2010) said that the
results of the National Safety Council (NSC) report in
1988 showed that the occurrence of accidents in hospitals
was 41% greater than workers in other industries. Cases
that often occur are needle sticking, sprains, back pain,
scratches / cuts, burns, infectious diseases and others. A
number of cases were reported as being compensated by
hospital workers, which were sprained, stretched:

2. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2019]
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52%; bruises, bruises: 11%; cuts, blisters, stab wounds:
10.8%; fracture: 5.6%; multiple injuries: 2.1%; burns :
2%; scratch wounds: 1.9%; infection : 1.3%; dermatitis:
1.2%; and others: 12.4% . Also presented the results
based on work accident research in the Clinical Pathology
laboratory of the General Hospital, DR. Zainoel Abidin
(RSUZA) Banda Aceh in 2009 amounted to 69.6%. The
research also informs that occupational safety and health
management (K3 promotion and training) is related to
work accidents at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of
Banda Aceh Hospital (Salawati, 2009).
The number of events above is a case that occurs in
hospitals and Clinical Pathology laboratories which are
part of the hospital, there is still little research on
workplace accidents in hospitals and laboratories, so that
data on work accident rates are still limited. Based on the
number of events in both places, research is needed as an
effort to improve K3 in the laboratory. Guaranteed
Occupational Safety and Health (K3) in the laboratory,
will produce good work productivity. This study will
examine the relationship. This is consistent with the
description in the International Journal of Occupational
Safety and Ergonomics (11: 3), that there is a relationship
between job satisfaction with safety policy
management. This is found in workers who receive safe
working conditions in their organization. Workers who
are in unsafe jobs, will get dissatisfaction at work
(Audrie, 2006). Job satisfaction is related to
productivity. The higher satisfaction, will increase work
productivity as well, and vice versa. This research was
conducted in another field, not in the health
sector. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on this
matter in the field of health, especially in the laboratory.
Prof. Regional General Hospital Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Purwokerto-Indonesia is a large class B education
hospital with a large number of employees in each
section. The hospital has a laboratory installation for
public health services . There are quite a lot of complaints
at the laboratory installation according to the laboratory
installation manager regarding the results of
the examination and other matters. Like other
workplaces, laboratories need to be concerned
about OSH which can affect employee work
productivity. There are no studies on the relationship
between K3 and work productivity in the
laboratory. Conducting this research, will be known about
the relationship at Prof. Regional General Hospital
laboratory. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto.
.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research is a survey research on laboratory
employees at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Prof.
Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto -
Indonesia). Sampling with saturated sampling method,
amounting to 44 people. Primary data was obtained by
distributing questionnaires about self protection (X 1),
handling infectious material (X2), employee health (X 3),
and work productivity (Y) . Secondary data taken are the
number and characteristics of laboratory employees,
indicators of work productivity, and other data . Data
collection with questionnaires in the form of a Likert
scale 1-7 scale, interviews and
observations. Reliability and validity tests were carried
out for the questionnaire ; converting ordinal data into
intervals according to the MSI ( Successive Interim
Method 1 ) ; classical assumption tests which include
tests of normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity,
autocorrelation, and linearity; multiple regression
analysis ; F test ; t test ; and elasticity.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of testing the questionnaire are reliable and
valid as a data collection tool. The classic assumption test
results are that the data on each variable are normally
distributed, there is no heteroscedasticity,
multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and linearity occurs in
these data. In the multiple regression analysis the
following formula is obtained: Y = 1.541 + 0.275 X 1 +
0.09025 X 2 + 0.157 X 3 .
A constant value of 1.541 means the work productivity
variable in the laboratory of the Regional General
Hospital Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto is
1.541 percent with the assumption that the variables of
self-protection, handling of infectious material and
employee health are constant.
Coefficient X 1 of 0.275 means that the variable of self-
protection has a positive relationship with the variable
work productivity in Prof. Regional General Hospital
Laboratory Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto, this
shows that the increase in self-protection variable will
increase the variable of work productivity. If there is an
increase in the variable of self-protection by one unit, it
will raise the work productivity variable in the laboratory
of the General Hospital in Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Purwokerto is 0.275 units, assuming that the other
variables remain at the 95 percent confidence level.
The X 2 coefficient of 0.09025 means that the infectious
material handling variable has a positive relationship with
the work productivity variable in the laboratory of the
Regional General Hospital Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Purwokerto, this shows that the increase in infectious
material handling variables will increase work
productivity variables. If the infectious material handling
variable rises by one unit, it will raise the work
productivity variable in the laboratory of Prof. Regional
General Hospital Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto

3. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2019]
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amounted to 0.09025 units, assuming that the other
variables remained with a confidence level of 95 percent.
The coefficient X 3 amounted to 0.157 means that the
variable employee health has a positive relationship with
labor productivity in the laboratory variables Regional
General Hospital Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Purwokerto, this shows that the increase in employee
health variables will increase work productivity
variables. If the employee health variable rises by one
unit, it will raise the work productivity variable in the
laboratory of the Regional General Hospital
Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto is 0.157 units,
assuming that the other variables remain with a
confidence level of 95 percent.
Through statistical calculations obtained the coefficient of
determination of 0.742 or 74.2 percent. This means that
74.2 percent rise and fall of the variable work
productivity in the laboratory of the Regional General
Hospital Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto is
influenced by personal protection, infectious material
handling and employee health, while the remaining 25.8
percent is explained by other independent variables not
included in this study.
The thing in the F test shows that the calculated F value >
F table value or is in the rejection area of H 0 with a
F table value of 2.61, while the calculated F value of
38.373 , thus the variables of personal protection,
handling of infectious material and employee health
together have the same significant effect on the variable
work productivity. In the t test, the results show that the
variables of self-protection, handling of infectious
material and employee health partially have a significant
effect on work productivity variables in the laboratory of
Prof. Regional General Hospital Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Purwokerto with t count value>t table value . Sequentially
value of t count is 6.993; 2,704; 4,082, while the value of
t table is 1.96.
Based on the elasticity test results obtained the value of
self-protection elasticity (E1) of 0.483, handling of
infectious material (E2) of 0.151, and employee health
(E3) of 0.278. The value of elasticity of self-protection is
greater than the value of elasticity in handling infectious
material and employee health so that it can be interpreted
that self-protection has the greatest influence on work
productivity.
The results showed that personal protection, handling of
infectious material, and the health of each employee
affected the work productivity of employees in hospital
laboratories. These results are consistent with the initial
hypothesis put forward in the previous section. As stated
earlier, the three independent variables are part of K3 in
the laboratory. The results of this study are the first in the
laboratory field, there has been no prior research on this
matter. However, there are other studies in other fields
which state that occupational safety and health affect
work productivity.
Current research shows that self-protection, handling of
infectious material, and the health of each employee
affect the work productivity of employees in hospital
laboratories. The three independent variables are
components of K3. These results are consistent with
research conducted by PT Agar Sehat Makmur Lestari
Pasuruan which examined the effect of K3
on productivity. The results show that there is a
significant influence between the implementation of K3
on employee work productivity (Pamungkas, 2008). In
addition, research on the textile company PT. Lokatex
Pekalongan, found that there is a significant positive
relationship between perceptions about the K3 program
with work productivity (Aprilia, 2008).
Personal protection carried out in the laboratory of the
Regional General Hospital Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Purwokerto is carried out in several ways. The most
important thing to do is to wear gloves when working in a
laboratory. Not forgetting also the use of laboratory coats
and footwear. The routine personal protective equipment
is always used when working in the laboratory and
removed when leaving the laboratory. But it is still not
used some other personal protective equipment such as
respirators and glasses. Indeed, both of these are not
routine to be used, only for some special handling of
some examination materials. Hand washing activities are
also carried out by laboratory employees after work,
giving protection to each employee. Likewise, disposable
and reusable materials are also handled according to
proper and correct procedures.
Handling infectious material has also been tried
well. Samples received are in a closed state, and are
always maintained so as not to spill. If there is a spill, it
will immediately be cleaned in the right way. The
sterilizer works well so that infectious material can be
handled. The use of disinfectants as an effort to prevent
infectious material is also carried out if necessary. This
action also functions as self-protection against the
infectious material.
The health of employees in the laboratory is well
considered. K first aid brain is available in the laboratory,
there are also written warnings that are useful for
preventing people from entering the laboratory if they are
not interested. There are also other health programs such
as immunizations as indicated. For female employees also
get special attention if needed because of something for
example in a state of pregnancy or unhealthy
circumstances. The activities and circumstances described
above are likely factors that support the hypothesis
accepted in statistical tests that there is an effect of self-

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protection, handling of infectious material, and employee
health on employee work productivity in hospital
laboratories.
Personal protection most influences the work productivity
of employees in hospital laboratories. The results of this
study are also in accordance with the results of other
studies. Research on the Relationship between the Use of
Hand Protective Equipment with Disabilities Due to
Work Accidents at PT. Purinusa Eka Persada Semarang in
2005 found that there was a relationship between the use
of hand protective equipment and the consequences of
work accidents which ultimately affected the work
productivity of employees (Utami, 2006). There is a
descriptive study of the use of personal protective
equipment in Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, that the highest
K3RS control is technically not good, and
administratively the highest is not very good. This can be
seen from the unavailability of PPE in the hospital and
inadequate, employees also do not use PPE when working
(Sholihah, 2006). In research on the use of PPE in Cipto
Mangunkusumo General Hospital, it was found that there
were more than 40% of staff in laboratories at high risk of
being infected with dangerous diseases because they only
used one PPE. The risk will be higher if officers do
not use PPE and do not wash their hands after work
(Perwitasari, 2006). Based on the results of these studies
and several other studies it can be seen that personal
protective equipment plays a very important role in
occupational safety and health. This situation also applies
in the laboratory for the protection of employees against
the transmission of infectious biological agents, so that
employees avoid various diseases. This situation will
certainly increase employee productivity in hospital
laboratories. Conversely, if an employee is exposed to an
illness it will reduce his work productivity.
This study uses parametric statistical analysis because of
normal data distribution. Thus the results of research in
accordance with the hypotheses previously made can be
drawn conclusions and conclusions can be
generalized. This study has limitations in terms of the use
of independent variables which are limited to only three
factors. There are still many other factors that influence
K3 in the laboratory that affect the work productivity of
hospital laboratory employees.
.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on result and discussion, independent variables
were affected to work productivity. Self-protection is the
most influenced factor on work productivity in laboratory
of RUSD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto-
Indonesia.
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