1. Name of the Teacher : EASWARI S.V.P
Name of the school :
Name of the subject : Biology
Name of the unit : The Chemical Changes of Food
Name of the Topic : Movement of Food Through Oesophagus
By observation, communication and discussion the child learns about movement of food through oesophagus.
TERMS
Uvula, epiglottis, nasalcavity, trachea, pharynx, oesophagus, sphincters, peristalsis, involuntary muscles, bolus, duodenum, pyoric sphincter.
FACTS
 The chewed food in the mouth is pushed into the pharynx.
 The uvula and the epiglottis prevent food from entering the nasalcavity and trachea respectively.
 Food from the pharynx enters to the oesophagus.
 Food moves through oesophagus as a result of the contraction of the involuntary muscles in the oesophagus.
 This wave like movement is called Peristalsis.
Date :
Standard : 9
Division :
Strength :
Duration :

2.  Peristalsis takes place throughout the alimentary canal in only one direction.
 So the food never comes back into the mouth of a person who is consuming food.
 The oesophagus is surrounded at the top and bottom by two muscular rings, the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters.
 They act to close the oesophagus when the food not being swallowed.
 The oesophageal sphincters are functional,but not anatomical sphincters.
 They are sections of the oesophageal wall that act as a sphincter,but do not have distinct thickenings like other sphincters.
 Food reaches the stomach within 8 seconds.
 The food we eat is stored in the stomach.
 The entire process of digestion in the stomach is completed in 4-5 hours.
 The continuous movement of stomach grinds and mixes the food thoroughly.
 It is an example for mechanical digestion.
 So it is said that there should be intervals between meals .
 Pyloric sphincter acts as a valve to let food pass from stomach to duodenum.
 It shuts off during the process of digestion.
 In mammals the duodenum is the principal site for iron absorption.
CONCEPT
The chewed food in the mouth is pushed into the pharynx which moves to stomach through oesophagus by peristalsis.
LEARNING OUTCOMES IN
Enables the pupil to develop:
 Factual knowledge about the movement of food through oesophagus.

3. TERMS OF SPECIFICATIONS
 Recalling new terms like uvula, epiglottis, peristalsis sphincters, oesophagus etc. New terms and facts are indicated in the content analysis.
 Conceptual knowledge about the movement of food through oesophagus.
 Explaining the movement of food through oesophagus.
 Procedural knowledge about the movement of food through oesophagus.
 Explaining the process of movement of food through oesophagus.
 Metacognition knowledge about the movement of food through oesophagus.
 Recognising the importance of peristalsis in digestion.
 Scientific attitude towards the movement of food through oesophagus.
 Showing interest to know more about peristalsis.
 Process skills on the movement of food through oesophagus.
 Comparing peristalsis with other movements of the body.
PRE REQUISITE
Food reaches the stomach through oesophagus.
TEACHING LEARNING RESOURCES
1. A power point presentation containing pictures, video clippings and details of peristalsis, stomach, oesophagus.
CLASS ROOM INTERACTION PROCEDURE
EXPECTED PUPIL’S RESPONSE
INTRODUCTION
Teacher asks the pupil :-
1. Someone gave you a jalebi. What you will do?
We will eat it.

4. 2. How will you eat?
3. Where does that jalebi reach?
4. How does it reaches the stomach?
Movement of food through oesophagus [B.B].
The teacher succeeded in knowing the previous knowledge of the pupil.
We chew with teeth and swallow it.
Stomach
Through oesophagus
PRESENTATION
ACTIVITY-1
Teacher divides the pupil into groups and shows them the slides of the power point presentation containing pictures, video clippings and details of peristalsis, epiglottis, uvula, oesophagus etc and ask the students to observe the slides and write down the answers for the given indicators in the science diary
INDICATORS
1. Why the food we eat do not enter nasal cavity?
2. Why the food we eat do not come back to mouth?
3. Why the food we eat do not enter trachea?
Pupil observe the slides carefully.
Uvula prevents the food from entering nasal cavity.
Peristalsis is unidirectional
Epiglottis prevents the food from entering trachea.
GROUP DISCUSSION LEAD BY THE TEACHER
The chewed food in the mouth is pushed into the pharynx. The uvula and the epiglottis prevent food from entering the nasal cavity and

5. trachea respectively. Food from the pharynx enters to the oesophagus. Food moves through oesophagus as a result of the contraction of the involuntary muscles in the oesophagus. This wave like movement is called Peristalsis. Peristalsis takes place throughout the alimentary canal in only one direction. So the food never comes back into the mouth of a person who is consuming food. The oesophagus is surrounded at the top and bottom by two muscular rings, the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters. They act to close the oesophagus when the food not being swallowed. The oesophageal sphincters are functional, but not anatomical sphincters. They are sections of the oesophageal wall that act as a sphincter, but do not have distinct thickenings like other sphincters.
ACTIVITY-2
Teacher shows the pupil the slides of the power point presentation containing pictures ,video clippings and details of stomach and ask the students to observe the slides and write down the answers for the given indicators in the science diary .
INDICATORS
1. How mechanical digestion takes place inside the stomach?
Pupil observe the slides carefully.
Continuous movement of stomach grinds and mixes the food thoroughly which is an example for mechanical digestion.

6. 2. Why is it said that there should be intervals between meals?
3. Which is the anterior most part of stomach?
4. Which is the posterior most part of stomach?
Digestion in the stomach is completed in 4-5 hours so there should be intervals between meals.
Lower Oesophageal Sphincter
pyloric sphincter
GROUP DISCUSSION LEAD BY THE TEACHER
Food reaches the stomach within 8 seconds. The food we eat is stored in the stomach. The entire process of digestion in the stomach is completed in 4-5 hours. The continuous movement of stomach grinds and mixes the food thoroughly. It is an example for mechanical digestion. So it is said that there should be intervals between meals. Pyloric sphincter acts as a valve to let food pass from stomach to duodenum. It shuts off during the process of digestion. In mammals the duodenum is the principal site for iron absorption.
REVIEW
1. What is peristalsis?
2. How mechanical digestion takes place in stomach?
3. Explain about oesophageal and pyloric sphincters?
FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY
Draw the structure of uvula, epiglottis, oesophagus and stomach.

7. BLACK BOARD SUMMARY
Date
BIOLOGY
Movement of food through Oesophagus
Std: IX
Div:
Str:
Pharynx
Uvula
Epiglottis
Oesophagus
Oesophageal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Peristalsis