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1. Civil Engineering Assignment
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2. Topic: Solid Mechanics
Problem Statement:
Write short notes on the following:
1. Elastic Deformation
2. Plastic deformation
3. True Stress
4. True Strain
5. Stress-Strain Curve
6. Ductility
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3. Topic: Solid Mechanics
Problem Statement:
Write short notes on the following:
7. Charpy Test
8. Slip
9. Effect of cold working on material properties
10.Effect of thermal annealing on material
properties
11.Ductile Fracture
12.Brittle Fracture
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4. Topic: Solid Mechanics
Problem Statement:
Write short notes on the following:
13.S-N Fatigue Curve
14.Creep
15. Isostress strain curve
16.Isothermal strain curve
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5. Solutions:
1. Elastic deformation is said to have occurred when the
deformation undergone by the object is reversible. In elastic
deformation, the atomic bonds within the material under
stress are stretched, but the relative configurations of the
atoms are not changed.
2. Plastic deformation is the opposite of elastic deformation,
i.e. the deformation undergone by the object is permanent.
In plastic deformation, when the material is subjected to
sufficient force (stress), the atoms slip past each other or the
bonds may break down.
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6. Solutions:
3. True stress is the instantaneous stress, determined by the
ratio of the instantaneous force to the effective
instantaneous area.
4. True strain is defined as the instantaneous error in the
change of length of the material, when subjected to a force.
5. Stress-strain curve:
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7. Solutions:
6. Ductility is the mechanical property of a material. Ductility is
a measure of how much the material can be deformed by a
deforming force before undergoing plastic failure (fracture).
7. The Charpy Test measures the Brittle-Ductile Transition
Temperature (BDTT) of a material ,based on which the
energy required to fracture a material can be quantitatively
estimated. Its unit is K (Kelvin).
8. A slip occurs in a material when a dislocation in the relative
configuration of atoms of the material causes a plastic
deformation. Thus, a slip can also be called a permanent
deformation in a material under the action of a force.
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8. Solutions:
9. Cold working
i. Increases the yield strength
ii. Increases the tensile strength
iii. Decreases the ductility
iv. Increases the hardness
10. Thermal Annealing
i. Decreases the yield strength
ii. Decreases the tensile strength
iii. Increases the ductility
iv. Decreases the hardness
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9. Solutions:
11. Ductile fracture is caused by extensive plastic deformation of
the material before appearance of the ‘crack’. In ductile
fracture, the crack is stable, i.e. it resists further elongation
unless the deforming stress is increased.
12. Brittle fracture is characterized by relatively little plastic
deformation before the ‘crack’ appears in the material. In
brittle deformation, the crack is prone to extension even
without any increase in the deforming stress.
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10. Solutions:
13. In an S-N fatigue curve, S is the applied stress and N
refers to the number of cycles of stress.
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11. Solutions:
14. Creep is defined as the process of time-dependent
deformation at temperatures greater than half of the
absolute melting point temperature. It is measured on the
Kelvin scale.
15. The time-dependent strain curve for the same value of stress
and varying temperature is given by:
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12. Solutions:
16. The time-dependent strain curve for different values of stress
and isothermal conditions is given by:
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