1. Phonetic Science of the Korean
Characters, HANGUEL
Dae Young KIM
dykim@cnu.ac.kr
20-Sept-06 @ ICU ccl.cnu.ac.kr 1

2. Phonetics Primer
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3. Types of Characters
Ideogram
Chinese character
田(field), 力(power), 男(man), …
Phonogram
Roman: a, b, c, d, e, …
Korean
Japanese
…
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4. Elements of Phonogram
Vowels
a, e, i, o, u, …
Sound from/thru throat
홑소리: self-sound
Consonants
b, c, d, f, g, …
Sound of lips, teeth, tongue, etc.
닿소리: touch-sound
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5. Syllables
A sounding group consisting of a vowel
and one or more consonants to form a
separable distinct sound
con-so-nant
vow-el
syl-la-ble
…
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6. Roman Characters, a Phonogram?
Great George
Apple cake
Case ceased
Idol image
John in San Jose
Jung Wolfgang von Amadeus
…
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7. Korean Characters
Phonogram
Vowels and consonants arranged in
syllables
Modeled after the vocal system
“Scientific”
“Perhaps the most scientific phonogram”
“One of the most astonishing invention
of the mankind”
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8. Consonants
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9. Basic Consonant Groups: 5
Root ㄱ ;root of tongue
Tongue ㄴ
Teeth ㅅ
Lips ㅁ
Throat ㅇ
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10. ROOT Consonant: ( ㄱ g )
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11. ROOT Consonant: ( ㅋ k)
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12. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄴ n )
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13. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄷ d)
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14. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㅌ t)
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15. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄹ r )
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16. TEETH Consonant: ( ㅅ s )
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17. TEETH Consonant: ( ㅈ j)
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18. TEETH Consonant: ( ㅊ ch)
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19. LIPS Consonant: ( ㅁ m )
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20. LIPS Consonant: ( ㅂ b)
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21. LIPS Consonant: ( ㅍ p)
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22. THROAT Consonant: ( 0 )
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23. THROAT Consonant: ( ㅇ h)
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24. THROAT Consonant: ( ㅎ h)
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25. ROOT Consonant: ( ng)
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26. Basic Consonants (14)
ㄱg ㅋk ng root
ㄴn ㄷd ㅌt ㄹr tongue
ㅅs ㅈj ㅊ ch z teeth
ㅁm ㅂb ㅍp lips
ㅇ h ㅎh throat
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27. Vowels
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28. Basic Vowel Elements: 3
. 天; heaven
ㅡ 地; earth
l 人; human
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29. Basic Vowel ( a): HEAVEN
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30. Basic Vowel ( ㅡ eu): EARTH
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31. Basic Vowel ( ㅣ i): HUMAN
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32. Basic Vowel ( ㅗ o)
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33. Basic Vowel ( ㅜ u)
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34. Basic Vowel ( ㅏ a)
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35. Basic Vowel ( ㅓ eo)
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36. Basic Vowel ( ㅛ yo)
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37. Basic Vowel ( ㅠ yu)
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38. Basic Vowel ( ㅑ ya)
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39. Basic Vowel ( ㅕ yeo)
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40. Basic Vowels (10)
. ㅡ ㅣ ;天 地 人
ㅗo ㅛyo
ㅜu ㅠyu
ㅏa ㅑya
ㅓeo ㅕyeo
ㅡeu ㅣi
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41. Extensions
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42. Extended Consonants
ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ
ㄴ ㄸ ㄵ ㄶ
ㅅ ㅆ ㅉ
ㅁ ㅃ ㅄ
ㅇ
ㄹ ㄺ ㄼ (ㄹ+ㄹ = L )
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43. Extended Vowels
ㅏㅑ ㅐae ㅒyae
ㅓㅕ ㅔe ㅖye
ㅗㅛ ㅘwa ㅙwae ㅚoe
ㅜㅠ ㅝwoe ㅞwe ㅟwi
ㅡ ㅢeui
ㅣ
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44. Syllables
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45. Syllable = C + V + (C)
Starts with a Consonant
Connected by a Vowel
May or may not end with a Consonant
To be shaped to a box
C V C C V
김 V 곰 V 권
C C C
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46. Applications
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47. LG
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48. Anycall
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49. 010
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50. Examples - 1
O K A M U R A
ㅗ ㅋ ㅏㅁ ㅜ ㄹㅏ
ㅇㅗ ㅋㅏ ㅁㅜ ㄹㅏ
오카무라
C URT S I LL ER
ㅋ ㅓ ㅌ ㅅㅣ ㄹㄹ ㅓ
ㅋ ㅓ ㅌㅡ ㅅㅣㄹ ㄹㅓ
커트 실러 (컷 실러)
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51. Examples - 2
S t e ve Wei n s t ei n
ㅅㅌㅣㅂ ㅘㅣㄴㅅ ㅌㅏㅣㄴ
ㅅㅡㅌㅣㅂㅡ
ㅇ ㅘ ㅇㅣ ㄴ ㅅ ㅠ ㅌ ㅏ ㅇㅣ ㄴ
스티브 와인슈타인
I n d I r a Gh a n d i
ㅇㅣㄴㄷㅣㄹㅏㄱㅏㄴㄷㅣ
인디라 간디
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52. More examples … ?
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53. Epilog
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54. Missing Sounds
z
f
v
th
…
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55. For Other Languages
The Korean writing Hanguel can be
applied to any other languages since it
is a pure phonogram.
For people with no writing scripts
…
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