The document discusses the phonetic science behind the Korean writing system known as Hangeul. It describes Hangeul as a phonogram comprised of syllabic blocks made from combinations of consonants and vowels. The document outlines the 14 basic consonants and 10 basic vowels that form the building blocks of syllables in Hangeul and provides visual examples of each consonant and vowel. It also discusses extended consonants and vowels, as well as applications of the Hangeul system in logos and names.

1. Phonetic Science of the Korean
Characters, HANGUEL
Dae Young KIM
dykim@cnu.ac.kr
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2. Phonetics Primer
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3. Types of Characters
Ideogram
Chinese character
田(field), 力(power), 男(man), …
Phonogram
Roman: a, b, c, d, e, …
Korean
Japanese
…
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4. Elements of Phonogram
Vowels
a, e, i, o, u, …
Sound from/thru throat
홑소리: self-sound
Consonants
b, c, d, f, g, …
Sound of lips, teeth, tongue, etc.
닿소리: touch-sound
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5. Syllables
A sounding group consisting of a vowel
and one or more consonants to form a
separable distinct sound
con-so-nant
vow-el
syl-la-ble
…
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6. Roman Characters, a Phonogram?
Great George
Apple cake
Case ceased
Idol image
John in San Jose
Jung Wolfgang von Amadeus
…
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7. Korean Characters
Phonogram
Vowels and consonants arranged in
syllables
Modeled after the vocal system
“Scientific”
“Perhaps the most scientific phonogram”
“One of the most astonishing invention
of the mankind”
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8. Consonants
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9. Basic Consonant Groups: 5
Root ㄱ ;root of tongue
Tongue ㄴ
Teeth ㅅ
Lips ㅁ
Throat ㅇ
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10. ROOT Consonant: ( ㄱ g )
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11. ROOT Consonant: ( ㅋ k)
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12. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄴ n )
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13. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄷ d)
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14. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㅌ t)
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15. TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄹ r )
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16. TEETH Consonant: ( ㅅ s )
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17. TEETH Consonant: ( ㅈ j)
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18. TEETH Consonant: ( ㅊ ch)
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19. LIPS Consonant: ( ㅁ m )
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20. LIPS Consonant: ( ㅂ b)
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21. LIPS Consonant: ( ㅍ p)
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22. THROAT Consonant: ( 0 )
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23. THROAT Consonant: ( ㅇ h)
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24. THROAT Consonant: ( ㅎ h)
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25. ROOT Consonant: ( ng)
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26. Basic Consonants (14)
ㄱg ㅋk ng root
ㄴn ㄷd ㅌt ㄹr tongue
ㅅs ㅈj ㅊ ch z teeth
ㅁm ㅂb ㅍp lips
ㅇ h ㅎh throat
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27. Vowels
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28. Basic Vowel Elements: 3
. 天; heaven
ㅡ 地; earth
l 人; human
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29. Basic Vowel ( a): HEAVEN
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30. Basic Vowel ( ㅡ eu): EARTH
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31. Basic Vowel ( ㅣ i): HUMAN
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32. Basic Vowel ( ㅗ o)
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33. Basic Vowel ( ㅜ u)
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34. Basic Vowel ( ㅏ a)
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35. Basic Vowel ( ㅓ eo)
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36. Basic Vowel ( ㅛ yo)
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37. Basic Vowel ( ㅠ yu)
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38. Basic Vowel ( ㅑ ya)
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39. Basic Vowel ( ㅕ yeo)
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40. Basic Vowels (10)
. ㅡ ㅣ ;天 地 人
ㅗo ㅛyo
ㅜu ㅠyu
ㅏa ㅑya
ㅓeo ㅕyeo
ㅡeu ㅣi
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41. Extensions
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42. Extended Consonants
ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ
ㄴ ㄸ ㄵ ㄶ
ㅅ ㅆ ㅉ
ㅁ ㅃ ㅄ
ㅇ
ㄹ ㄺ ㄼ (ㄹ+ㄹ = L )
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43. Extended Vowels
ㅏㅑ ㅐae ㅒyae
ㅓㅕ ㅔe ㅖye
ㅗㅛ ㅘwa ㅙwae ㅚoe
ㅜㅠ ㅝwoe ㅞwe ㅟwi
ㅡ ㅢeui
ㅣ
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44. Syllables
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45. Syllable = C + V + (C)
Starts with a Consonant
Connected by a Vowel
May or may not end with a Consonant
To be shaped to a box
C V C C V
김 V 곰 V 권
C C C
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46. Applications
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47. LG
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48. Anycall
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49. 010
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50. Examples - 1
O K A M U R A
ㅗ ㅋ ㅏㅁ ㅜ ㄹㅏ
ㅇㅗ ㅋㅏ ㅁㅜ ㄹㅏ
오카무라
C URT S I LL ER
ㅋ ㅓ ㅌ ㅅㅣ ㄹㄹ ㅓ
ㅋ ㅓ ㅌㅡ ㅅㅣㄹ ㄹㅓ
커트 실러 (컷 실러)
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51. Examples - 2
S t e ve Wei n s t ei n
ㅅㅌㅣㅂ ㅘㅣㄴㅅ ㅌㅏㅣㄴ
ㅅㅡㅌㅣㅂㅡ
ㅇ ㅘ ㅇㅣ ㄴ ㅅ ㅠ ㅌ ㅏ ㅇㅣ ㄴ
스티브 와인슈타인
I n d I r a Gh a n d i
ㅇㅣㄴㄷㅣㄹㅏㄱㅏㄴㄷㅣ
인디라 간디
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52. More examples … ?
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53. Epilog
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54. Missing Sounds
z
f
v
th
…
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55. For Other Languages
The Korean writing Hanguel can be
applied to any other languages since it
is a pure phonogram.
For people with no writing scripts
…
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