Naming and addressing in the Internet. Anti-Loc/ID-Separation arguments.

1. What to name,
How to route
DaeYoung Kim
dykim6@gmail.com

2. What to name

3. Inter-Net
link
relay-node
= router
leaf-node
= host

4. Naming & Addressing
Classic1
• Shach[’78]
• name(what), address(where), route(how)

5. Address == Name !
iPAD-dy.kr
168.188.68.120
00:25:00:21:e4:a9
name
address name
address
DNS
ARP
APP
inter-net
network
iPAD
-dy
PoA

6. “There’s no identifying an object without
locating it, and vice versa.” - Jerry Saltzer

7. Naming & Addressing
Classic II
• Saltzer[’78 & rfc1498]
• service, node, PoA, route

8. N & A Classic
Host
PoA (I/F) id
PoA*
L2
L3
node id

9. Semantic Overloading
of IP address
Host
IP address
id
locator

10. Loc/ID Separation (LIS)
Host
Loc
ID

11. Fallacy of IP address
Host
IP address
PoA*
MAC address
L2
L3
*Naming the same leg twice

12. Fallacy of IP Address
BobAlice
?
?
x
To: I1
I1
I2

13. Who to name
Host
PoA*
MAC address
L2
L3
node (id)

14. Why then this by Saltzer?
Host
IP address
PoA*
L2
L3
node (id)

15. Links first

16. Links first

17. Links first

18. Links first

19. Nodes first

20. Nodes first

21. Nodes first

22. How to route

23. Global Internet = {sites}
1
4
3
2
25
15
41
37
22
11
11

24. site = {nodes} = {subnets}
1 2
3
4
5
6
91
94
97
101
96

25. Scope
subnet
site site
mac addr subnet
subnet subnet subnet
node name
global
site addr
subnet addr
node addr site

26. Recursive Addressing
tier 0 tier +1 tier +2tier -1
node site ??
Name

27. APP
TP/IP
NameS
Site
Site-b
Site-c
{node, site}
name
G
G
nodenode
name
1
2
3
6
6’
7
Site-a
iAS6’’
4
5
{node, site}
Operational Overview

28. Routing
• Interior & Exterior routings orthogonal
• Interior routing on node address
• Exterior routing on site address
• Sites equivalent to network nodes
• Any routing protocols possible

29. Flat Interior Routing
1 2
3
4
5
6
91
94
97
101
96
1
1
12
2
91
91
94
97
97
-
96
96
94
-
1
2
3
4
5
6 94 94
1
2
3
4
5
91
91
94
97
97 97
-
6 94 -
91
91
94
97
97
96
-
-
94
96
1
2
3
4
5
6 94 94
91
97
91

30. Flat Interior Routing
91
91
94
97
97
96
-
-
94
96
1
2
3
4
5
6 94 94
91
91
94
97
97
-
96
96
94
-
1
2
3
4
5
6 94 94
1
2
3
4
5
91
91
94
97
97
97
97
-
91
6 94 -
91
1 2
3
4
5
91
94
97
101
96
1
1
12
2
6
{94:-6} {94:-6}
{91:+6}
{91:+6}

31. Flat Interior Routing
1 2
3
4
5
91
94
97
101
96
1
1
12
2
6
91
91
94
97
97
-
96
96
94
-
1
2
3
4
5
6 91 -
91
91
94
97
97
97
97
-
91
1
2
3
4
5
6 91 91
91
91
91
94
97
97
96
-
-
94
96
1
2
3
4
5
6 91 96

32. Mapped Interior Routing
1 2
3
4
5
6
91
94
97
101
96
1
1
12
2
1
2
3
4
5
91
91
94
97
97
6 94
mapper
{node, subnet}
= {node, router}

33. 3
4
5
6
1 2
3
4
5
91
94
97
101
96
1
1
12
2
6
{94:-6}
{91:+6}
1
2
3
4
5
91
91
94
97
97
6 94
mapper
{node, subnet}
= {node, router}
Mapped Interior Routing

34. 1 2
3
4
5
91
94
97
101
96
1
1
12
2
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
mapper 91
91
94
97
97
91
{node, subnet}
= {node, router}
Mapped Interior Routing

35. Exterior Routing
1
2
3
4

36. Flat Exterior Routing
1
3
4
2
25
15
41
37
22
11
37
25
15
22
1
3
2
1
1
11
41 3
dst:41
2
2
1
11
11

37. Mapped Exterior Routing
1
4
3
2
25
15
41
37
22
11
11
11 12
13
21 41
42

38. Summary

39. Nuts in a shell
• Recursive id
• Route on id
• Self-certifying id

40. Implementation
Choices
• IPv4 (or IPv6 address) for node address
• AS# for site address
• DNS extended for NameS
• IS-IS+ or OSPF+ for interior routing
• BGP4+ for exterior routing

41. Consequences
• Recursively scalable without bound
• No address depletion, No governance
• No routing table explosion
• Inherent fast host / nw mobility by routers
• Effortless ISP migration and multi-homing
• No ID/Loc Separation

42. References
• J. Saltzer, RFC 1498, On the Naming and
Binding of Network Destinations, 1993.
• J. Day, Patterns in Network Architecture,
Prentice-Hall, 2008.
• YH Kim & DY Kim,“NARA: Network
Architecture with Recursive Addressing,”
Telecomm. Review, vol. 23, no. 25, pp. 261-273,
April 2015.