قدرة السحب للمراوح ومعدلات التهوية الدنيا

1. Basic Husbandry for Commercial Broilers
A. Dam and K. Taylor
ORDER NO. 13-069 AGDEX 452 OCTOBER 2013
(replaces OMAF Factsheet Basic Husbandry for Broilers, Order No. 93-035)
The tables in this Factsheet provide basic husbandry
information for commercial broilers. Proper care
and management of birds and their environment
result in fewer mortalities and improved production.
Additional information on poultry production can
be found at ontario.ca/livestock.
Table 1. Fan dimensions
Fan
Diameter
(in.)
Range of Airflow
(CFM)
all airflows measured
at 0.10 in. static
pressure
Average Airflow
(CFM)
all airflows measured
at 0.10 in. static
pressure
12 1,400–1,800 1,600
14 1,900–2,200 2,050
16 2,500–3,000 2,750
18 3,000–4,000 3,500
20–22 3,000–5,000 4,000
24–26 5,000–7,000 6,000
36 8,000–12,000 10,000
48 18,000–22,000 20,000
50 19,000–27,000 23,500
CFM = cubic feet per minute
Source: Agricultural fan performance test results from Bio-
Environmental Structural Systems (BESS) labs at the University
of Illinois.
Table 2. Minimum ventilation rates for broilers
Age (days) CFM/bird
1–7 0.094
8–14 0.25
15–21 0.35
22–28 0.49
29–35 0.55
36–42 0.69
43–49 0.79
50–56 0.89
CFM = cubic feet per minute
Adapted from Ross Broiler Manual, 2009.
Values in this Factsheet are in imperial
measurements, reflecting common usage in the
ventilation industry.
This Factsheet was written by Al Dam, Poultry Specialist,
OMAF, Guelph, and Kathleen Taylor, Poultry Research
Technician, OMAF, Guelph.

2. Table 3. Basic Husbandry Guidelines for Broiler Breeders
Criteria Brooding Grow out Troubleshooting Checklist
Air Temperature
(at bird height)
Day-old: 30°C
Two days to 27 days old: Decrease by
1°C every 3 days until 20°C.
Balance relative humidity vs. dry
bulb temperature when assessing air
temperature.
20°C until slaughter.
Balance relative humidity
vs. dry bulb temperature
when assessing air
temperature.
Too high: pasty cloacas, frequent wing
spreading/flapping, panting, crowding away
from heat source, listless, no peeping
Too low: feather ruffling, rigid posture,
huddling and piling near heat source,
trembling, vocal distress
Relative
Humidity
60%–70% Too low: dehydrated, dusty
Too high: damp litter, high ammonia
Ventilation See Table 1 and Table 2.
Approximately one air exchange per minute for maximum ventilation.
Maximum floor air speed when chicks are young: 0.15 m/sec.
Poor: high ammonia levels, areas caked
in litter, uneven distribution of birds
throughout pens
Ammonia Maximum of 25 ppm (parts per million)
>10 ppm: damage to lung surface
>20 ppm: increased respiratory issues, human eyes affected
>50 ppm: reduced growth rate
Too high: higher incidence of breast
blisters and respiratory problems,
blindness, reduced growth rate
Lighting Intensity
0–7 days: 30–40 lux (light period),
<0.4 lux (dark period)
>7 days: 5–10 lux (light period),
<0.4 lux (dark period)
Duration of darkness
0–7 days: 1 hr
>7 days: 4–6 hr
Light entering through inlets, fans and
doors can disrupt dark period.
Intensity
5–10 lux (light period),
<0.4 lux (dark period)
Duration of darkness
4–7 hr
Light entering through
inlets, fans and doors can
disrupt dark period.
Intensity too high: cannibalism, flighty,
nervous behaviour
Intensity too low: poor growth, poor feed
conversion
Duration of darkness too short: abnormal
feeding/drinking behaviour
Water Bell drinkers
6 drinkers/1,000 chicks minimum
(40-cm diameter)
Nipple drinkers
12 birds/nipple
Adjust nipple height accordingly as
birds age.
Provide additional drinkers when
birds are under 4 days of age.
Bell drinkers
8 drinkers/1,000 birds
(40-cm diameter)
Nipple drinkers
<3 kg: 12 birds/nipple
>3 kg: 9–10 birds/nipple
Disperse so that every
bird should be within
2 m of water source.
Not enough drinkers: poor feed intake,
poor growth, poor feed conversion
Feeders Paper should cover 25% of brooding
area to provide proper feeding area.
Spread feed along chick paper to
encourage chicks to feed.
1 feeder tray/100 chicks
Pan feeders
45–80 birds/pan
Flat chain/auger
2.5 cm/bird
(40 birds/m of track)
Tube feeders
38-cm diameter
(70 birds/tube)
Not enough feeders: poor feed intake,
poor growth, poor feed conversion,
more starve-outs, more damage from
competition among birds
Density
(floor space)
31 kg/m2
(2.88 kg/ft2
)
Lower stocking densities recommended during summer months
— 38 kg/m2
for better welfare.
Too dense: feather picking, cannibalism,
more injuries, more flip-overs, poor
carcass quality, lower feed efficiency
Adapted from Ross Broiler Manual, 2009. http://en.aviagen.com/assets/Tech_Center/Ross_Broiler/Ross_Broiler_Manual_09.pdf
Published by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
and the Ministry of Rural Affairs
© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2013, Toronto, Canada
ISSN 1198-712X
Également disponible en français
(Commande no
13-070)
Agricultural Information Contact Centre:
1-877-424-1300
E-mail: ag.info.omafra@ontario.ca
www.ontario.ca/omaf