2. My Experience
• 1998-2002 澳洲雪梨大學建築學院KCDCC博士
1998 2002
• 1995-1997交通大學應用藝術研究所 碩士
• 國際學術會議評審委員
2007 IASDR (International Association of Societies of Design Research)
Conference, Hong Kong
2006 7th APCHI, Taiwan
APCHI
2006 Design Computing & Cognition '06, Netherland
2005 International Workshop on Human Behaviour in Design, Melbourne
2004 Design Computing and Cognition Conference Boston
Conference,
2002 Artificial Intelligence in Design, Cambridge
2001 Computational and Cognitive Models of Creative Design, Heron
Island, 01 SydneyCAADRIA’01, S d
I l d 01, S d CAADRIA’01 Sydney, A t li
Australia
2000 Artificial Intelligence in Design '00, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
drhhtang@gmail.com 2
3. My Academic Position
• 2002 Jan ~ 2002 Aug Visiting Prof in NCTU
2002.Jan 2002.Aug Prof.
• 2002.Aug ~ 2007.Aug 長庚大學助理教授
• 2007.Aug ~ …………. 台灣科技大學助理教授
drhhtang@gmail.com 3
8. Hypothesis (變與不變)
• Fundamental Models of Human Being
• Focusing on the commonality of users and
designers
• The number of subjects is limited
limited.
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10. How to study designers
• Interview
• Case Study
• Input-output Experiment
• Protocol Analysis
• Brain Study
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11. Interview
• Lawson B. (2005). How Designers Think
Lawson, B (2005) Think,
Fourth Edition: The Design Process
Demystified: Architectural Press
Press.
• Nigel Cross F1 race car designer
g g
• Memory and story-telling
• Biased by questions and expectation
• No statistic significance
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12. Case Study
• Candy L., & Edmonds, E. (1996). Creative
Candy, L Edmonds E (1996)
design of the Lotus bicycle: implications for
knowledge support systems research Design
research.
Studies(17), 71~90.
• General Description
drhhtang@gmail.com 12
13. Input-output Experiment
• Purcell T., & Gero, J. S. (1996). Design and
Purcell, T Gero J S (1996)
other types of fixation. Design Studies(17),
363~383.
363 383
• Fixation: exposure to an existing design has
p g g
effect on current designing
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14. Experiment
• Subjects are final year mechanical engineering
students and industrial design students
• Design Task is a device for assisting the elderly
in getting into and out of a bath
g g
• Setting is one group given the verbal
i t ti
instructions and the other given th verbal
d th th i the bl
instructions and the picture of the example
design
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18. Brain studies
• neurophysiology
• brain scans
– fMRI
– PET scans
• Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and
Volgenau School of Information Technology and
Engineering, George Mason University
g g, g y
drhhtang@gmail.com 18
23. Topics I
• What is designing ?
Information-processing & Seeing-moving-seeing
Visual reasoning theory
Co-evolution
• Lateral and concurrent linkages in the design
p
process
Dependency chunks
Physical, perceptual, functional,
Physical perceptual functional and conceptual
drhhtang@gmail.com 23
24. Topics II
• Perception
Seeing as & seeing that
Sketching without sketches
• Knowledge and situatedness
• Creativity
• Methodological Studies
Concurrent and retrospective p
p protocols
Design Content Oriented Coding Scheme (DCOCS)
drhhtang@gmail.com 24
37. Ph i l l
Physical level
l D-action/L-action
D ti /L ti
Perceptual level P-action
Functional level F-action
Conceptual level Goal
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38. D-action / L-action
Physical
目的：將設計師所繪草圖依其屬性與順序編碼
Perceptual
Functional
根據：繪圖內容
Co cep ua
Conceptual
定義：動作類型 元素類型
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39. D-action / L-action
Physical
定義：動作類型 元素類型
Perceptual
Dc 建立新的圖形
Drf 修正原有的圖形
Functional
Dsy 以符號表示方向、特徵、材質
Co cep ua
Conceptual
Dwo 以文字說明
Dts 在同一張草圖上複製原有圖形
Dt 在同 張草圖上複製原有圖形
Dtd 在不同草圖上複製原有圖形
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40. D-action / L-action
Physical
Perceptual
透明壓克力
Functional
Dwo
Drf
Co cep ua
Conceptual
Dsy
Dc
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41. D-action / L-action
Physical 修改目的：建築與工設空間掌握的差異
使得造型元素不同
Perceptual 建築-平面化 工設-立面化
造型元素 編碼 造型元素 編碼
點 點
dot dot
Functional
直線 line
線（直、曲線） line
曲線 fline
箭頭 箭頭
arw arw
Conceptual
Co cep ua
圓
圓 circle
circle
三角形 tri
多邊形 poly
l
矩形 rec
多邊形 poly
標記、符號
標記 符號 sym
標記 符號
標記、符號 sym
文字 文字
anno anno
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42. D-action / L-action
Physical
Perceptual arw
透明壓克力
Functional
Dwo anno
Drf line
Co cep ua
Conceptual
Dsy sym
Dc poly
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43. D-action / L-action
Physical
Perceptual
Functional
Co cep ua
Conceptual
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44. P-action
Physical
目的：將設計師的視覺化現象編碼
Perceptual
Functional
根據：口語資料&動作
根據
Co cep ua
Conceptual
定義：設計者描述了草圖元素的視覺屬性&空間特徵
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45. P-action
Physical
心像類 P 第 次出現的浮現子形
Psg 第一次出現的浮現子形
Perceptual
Posg 之前曾出現過的浮現
g
Functional
造型類 Pfn 在新的圖形看到新的屬性或特徵
在新 圖形看 新 屬性或特徵
類型
Pfp 在舊的圖形看到新的屬性或特徵
Type
Co cep ua
Conceptual
Pfo 修改原來的屬性或特徵
空間類 P 對新的繪圖物感覺到新的空間關係
Prn
Prp 在舊的圖形看到空間關係
Por 修改原來的空間關係
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46. P-action
Physical
心像類 ispace 感覺到的元素並未被畫出
Perceptual
造型類 shape與外型感覺相關
內容
Functional
size 與尺寸感覺相關
Class
Co cep ua
Conceptual
空間類 G -relation 與產品整體有關的空間感
Ｌ-action 與產品局部有關的空間感
V -action 空間相互呼應
O –action 群體、類別的空間關係
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48. F-action
Physical
目的：將設計師的視覺化現象編碼
Perceptual
Functional
根據：口語資料
根據
Co cep ua
Conceptual
定義：對感覺到的視覺屬性或是空間特徵加以詮釋
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49. F-action
Physical
具體類 Fn 對所看或所繪圖形詮釋新的機能
Perceptual
Fre i 對所看或所繪圖形重新詮釋機能
Fre-i
對所看或所繪圖形詮釋舊的機能
Fo
Functional
類型
在新的圖形中詮釋舊的機能
Fi
Type
Co cep ua
Conceptual
心像類 Fnp 對心中所想圖形詮釋新的機能
Fop 對心中所想圖形詮釋舊的機能
drhhtang@gmail.com 49
50. F-action
Physical
產品本身的構件
Function
Perceptual
照明的方式
Circulation
Functional
內容
Class
Psych reaction 設計者的心理感受
y
Co cep ua
Conceptual
設計者推測使用者的心理感受
產品可能的使用方式及角度
View
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69. DCC’08 Conference
• THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
DESIGN COMPUTING AND COGNITION -
DCC 08
DCC'08
• Bringing artificial intelligence, cognitive science
gg g ,g
and computational theories to design research
23 25
23-25 June 2008
• Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
preceded by Workshops
21-22 June 2008
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71. Hot Topics
• Perception: sketching without sketches
• Discuss the roles of sketches and its
indispensability in design
• Design Media
g
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72. Situated Cognition
• 情境認知
• What does the window on the lobby look like?
• The story between you and your girlfriend or boyfriend
• The Concept of Situatedness and Constructive Memory
p y
• Established by Bartlett and Dewey.
•S
Sequences of acts are composed such th t subsequent
ft d h that b t
experiences categorize and hence give meaning to what
was experienced b f
i d before.
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73. Situatedness
• Where you are when you do what y do matters (
y y you (Gero
1999)
• Memory is not a static inprint of a sensory experience.
The
Th sensory experience i stored and th memory of it
i is t d d the f
is constructed in response to any demand on that
experience.
• He shape the situation… his own methods and
appreciations are also shaped by the situation. (
pp p y (Schön
1987)
• The sensory experience of an event might be the
function of the most related experience and th situation
f ti f th t ltd i d the it ti
where the memory was requested
• 九份與悲情城市
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