by Dilip Kumar Chandra PGT Biotechnology JNV Raipur CG

2. The day- to-day condition of the
atmosphere at a place with
respect to the temperature,
humidity, rainfall, wind speed is
called weather at that place

3.  Temperature-
 Rainfall

4.  Humidity
 Wind speed
ANEMOMETER
HYGRO METER

5.  All changes in the weather are driven
by sun
 Weather is generally not the same on
any two days and week after week

6.  The average weather pattern taken
over a long time is called climate

7.  CLIMATE HAS A PROFOUND EFFECT
ON ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.
 THE POLAR REGIONS AND TROPICAL
REGIONS ARE THE TWO REGIONS OF
THE EARTH WHICH HAVE SEVERE
CLIMATE CONDITIONS
 ANIMALS ARE ADAPTED TO SURVIVE
IN THIS CONDITIONS IN WHICH
THEY LIVE.

8. THE POLAR REGIONS PRESENT
AN EXTREME CLIMATE.THESE
REGIONS ARE COVERED WITH SNOW

9. Animals in polar regions are adapted to the
severe conditions of the polar region

10. ARCTIC LANDSCAPE

11. ANTARCTC LANDSCAPES

12. ANIMALS IN ARCTIC REGION
Arctic fox
The arctic fox ranges throughout
the Arctic. They are found on
land. They also live on sea ice,
sometimes traveling hundreds of
miles from land. Its coat is white in
winter and brown in summer.
Arctic foxes do not hibernate in
the winter. They are a scavenger
and tend to eat animals that are
already dead. They often travel in
packs.

13. Arctic hare
Hares are similar to rabbits.
Preyed on by many of the larger
animals, Arctic Hares help to
alleviate the pressure on
lemmings and are an alternative
food. This animal is one of the
few that does not range below
the Arctic Circle. When living in
the northern part of the Arctic
Circle this species remains
white throughout the year, but
further south in the circle its
coat darkens in the summer.
This animal also has the unique
talent of running solely on its
hind legs.

15. Seals
 There are a wide variety of
seals living in the Arctic, six
different ice-inhabiting types
in all. There are also seals in
the Antarctic. The largest
hair seal of the Arctic is the
bearded seal, reaching 2.5
meters in length. Seals are
one of the most mysterious
animals, possessing many
talents that have yet to be
explained. Seals are well
adapted to the Arctic habitat.
They give birth to their young
on the sea ice, but feed in the
ocean. Leads in the ice
provide a perfect habitat for
seals, open ice to rest on, and
sea to feed in and escape
predators such as polar bears.

16. Polar Bear
Polar Bears are one of the major
predators in the Arctic and one
of the few animals that openly
preys on humans. They are
twice the weight of a tiger and
are the size of an Alaskan
brown bear. They are the top of
the food web. The eat a wide
variety of large animals, such as
seals and caribou. In order to
eat seals, polar bears depend on
sea ice that allows them to go
out into the water where the
seals normally live and feed.
Their fur is so thick that water
will hardly ever reach their skin.
They are one of the two Arctic
animals that range all of the
Arctic. Females give birth in the
winter every three to four
years, and have two cubs at a
time.

17. Adaptations of polar bear

18. Polar Bear
Polar Bears are one of the major
predators in the Arctic and one of the
few animals that openly preys on
humans. They are twice the weight of a
tiger and are the size of an Alaskan
brown bear. They are the top of the food
web. The eat a wide variety of large
animals, such as seals and caribou. In
order to eat seals, polar bears depend on
sea ice that allows them to go out into
the water where the seals normally live
and feed. Their fur is so thick that water
will hardly ever reach their skin. They
are one of the two Arctic animals that
range all of the Arctic. Females give
birth in the winter every three to four
years, and have two cubs at a time.

19. The Polar
Bear has
white fur
so that it is
not easily
visible to it
predators

20. The white fur helps it
to catch prays as
they do not see the
polar bear in its
white back ground

21. It has two thick layers
of fur. These keep it
warm in the cold
weather.
The fat insulates the
body from cold and
keeps it warm.

22. •It has a strong sense
of smell.
•It has long curved
and sharp claws.

24. The lion and the tiger have thick skin and sensitive hearing.
They have good sense of smell and their body colour is
matching its surroundings so that its preys do not easily
identify them

25. Adaptations of Penguine
1. The penguins
huddle together
to keep
themselves
warm.
2. They have black
and white body
which blends
with the
surroundings.

26. 3. To conserve heat, penguins may tuck in their flippers close to
their bodies.
4.They also may shiver to generate additional heat
5. There is thick fat layer which prevents the loss of body heat
6.The dark colour of penguin's dorsal surface absorbs heat from
the sun, which increases body temperature
7. It has webbed feet to swim in water

27. Migration of Birds
The periodic movement of birds in search of suitable climate
and breeding
Birds migrate to warmer region when winter sets in. Generally
they fly high where the wind flow is helpful and the cold
condition allow them to disperse the heat generated by their
flight muscles.

28. Arctic Tern
Arctic Terns migrate over the sea and are rarely
seen from land except during breeding season. It
is said that their migration path is over 22,000
miles (35,000 km) each year

29. The Siberian
Crane migrates
to Bharatpur in
Rajasthan and
Sultanpur in
Haryana

31. Distribution of Tropical Rainforest
of the World

32. Rain forests belong to the tropical wet climate group.
The temperature in a rain forest rarely gets higher than
93 °F (34 °C) or drops below 68 °F (20 °C); average
humidity is between 77 and 88%; rainfall is often more
than 100 inches a year. There is usually a brief season of
less rain. In monsoonal areas, there is a real dry season.
Almost all rain forests lie near the equator.

33. EMERGENT LAYER
This layer is the highest layer. It is
made up of the tops of the tallest
trees.
CANOPY
Most of the trees grow up to about
25 - 35 metres tall. The tops of the
trees group to form a ceiling called
a canopy.
UNDERSTORY
This layer is made up of trees that are
growing up to reach the canopy. They
stop just below the canopy and wait
until a gap appears which they can
then grow into.
The trees are small with thin trunks.
The trees here are about 20 metres
tall.
This layer is the home to birds,
butterflies, frogs and snakes.

34.  SHRUB LAYER
This is the layer that grows between
the smaller trees of the understory
and the forest floor. This layer is made
up of ferns and small shrubs.
 FOREST FLOOR( LitterLayer)
The forest floor is very dark. This is
due to the trees above stopping the
sunlight from entering the forest. It is
estimated that only 2% of the sunlight
actually reaches the floor.
The soil on the floor is covered in a
layer of leaves, twigs and dead plants,
which rot down quickly to provide
nutrients for the plants.
The leaf litter is alive with
invertebrates and microorganisms,
which quickly rot down this surface
layer. Mosses and ferns grow on the
forest floor where it is warm, damp
and shady.
The soil is very sandy with only a thin
layer of rotting vegetation. Without
the trees, the soil quickly loses its
ability to support plants and turns to
desert-like conditions.
The forest floor is home to some of
the larger animals of the forest such
as tigers and elephants in Asia,
gorillas and leopards

35. Western Ghats
The Western Ghats mountain range marks the point at which the
central upland of the Deccan Plateau falls steeply down to the costal
strip of the Malabar Coast. This view of the rugged Ghats near
Mahabaleshwar shows the heavy erosion of the exposed
mountainsides by the high rainfall of the area.

36.  Animal life is highly diverse. Common
characteristics found among mammals and birds
(and reptiles and amphibians, too) include
adaptations to an arboreal life (for example, the
prehensile tails of New World monkeys), bright
colors and sharp patterns, loud vocalizations,
and diets heavy on fruits.
 Many tropical animals have
 Sensitive hearing
 Sharp eye sight
 Camouflage
 Thick skin

37. Adaptations of The red eyed frog
The red eyed frog has sticky pads on its feet to help it climb trees
on which it lives

38. Adaptations of Monkeys
 Long tail to hold on to branches.
 Feet suitable to hold on branches.

39. Lion Tailed Macaque
The lion tailed macaque
lives in the
Rainforests of Western
Ghats. It is a good climber
and spends most of the
time on the tree. It feeds
mainly on fruits. It also eats
seeds, young leaves, stems
and flowers.

40. Adaptations of toucan
Toucans posses long, large beak. This helps them
to reach the fruits on tips of thin branches

41. The lion and the tiger have thick skin and sensitive
hearing. They have good sense of smell and their body
colour is matching its surroundings so that its preys do not
easily identify them

42. Adaptations of elephant
1. Strong sense of smell.
2. The nose is modified into a long trunk which helps the animal to pick up
food.
3. The tusks are modified teeth which help the elephant to tear the bark of
trees.
4. Large ears help to listen to even soft sounds.
5. Ears help to cool the body.