Television, Birth Control, By Fred Pearce

Television, Birth Control, By Fred Pearce
In Fred Pearce article "TV as Birth Control," he introduces his argument by asking a simple
question; "What are U.S family sizes compared with those of India?" This question gives the
audience a background introduction to the main idea of the article, which is how TV helps reduce
the fertility rate in underdeveloped and developing countries. He talks about one of the difficulties
India faces as having a lot of young women of childbearing age. Hence, Pearce's purpose behind this
question is to state that the birth rate in India has fallen dramatically to 2.5 children per woman of
childbearing age since the boom of TV programs..
According to the research of Lewis, Pearce reports TV ownership to be a correlation. After
conducting various researches on how TV ownership affects physiological and psychological
behaviour. Finally, he comes to a conclusion that having a TV in the living room might have the
power to transform behavior in the bedroom. This statement means that what women watch on TV
could subconsciously affect their decision in having abundant kids. He mentions how the new
commercial cable and satellite programming replaced dull government programming with game
shows, soap operas, and reality television. This also helped in affecting the fertility rate in India. The
most popular show between 2000 and 2008 showed rural Indian women having jobs and business
because they had fewer children. Furthermore, Pearce used logos to provide evidence that TV
empowers women.
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Factors Affecting Birth Rate in Germany
| Factors affecting Birth Rate in Germany |
|
Table of Content
1 Introduction(1/2) A 3
2 Literature Review(1) R 3 2.1 Definition of variables R 3 2.2 Japan 3 2.3 USA 3 2.4 India 3
3 Hypothesis / Research Question(1/2) R 3
4 Methodology (2) M 3 4.1 Correlation 3 4.2 Simple Regression 4 4.3 Multiple Regression 4 4.4
Measure of fit 4 4.5 Level of Significance 5
5 Data 5
6 Findings 6 6.1 Simple Regression 6 6.2 Multiple Regressions (5) T 7 6.2.1 All factors 7 6.2.2 All
factors excluding children born outside of marriage 7 6.2.3 Education factor 8 6.2.4 Economic
factors 8 6.2.5 Social development factors 8 6.2.6 Age Factors 8 6.2.7 Significant factors from each
category ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The analysis report found that states that tended to suffer most from the recession had the biggest
declines in births.
The National Center for Health Statistics, in a statement released also stated that "there is quite
possibly a connection between the decline in births and the economic downturn of the last couple of
years." Two consecutive years of declines "would be consistent with that," given that the nation 's
economic troubles are affecting the birth rate.
India
In view of the importance acquired by the women force in the development of the country fertility
rate study is taken in Kanyakumari district. The approach includes the sampling of the data by
considering nine best maternity nursing homes with 270 data points. A structured questionnaire was
prepared in order to define independent factors. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) was
used for all the analysis. Simple correlation was used to find the association between the variables.
Linear regression was estimated wherever significant association was observed. Factors have been
categorized in three groups – 1.Natural factor – age of women Age of the women at marriage,
religion and type of family. 2. Knowledge factor – education of women and Education of spouse. 3.
Economic factor – Employment of women, Employment of spouse, Income of women, Income of
spouse. For the variables under

Addressing Adolescent Reproductive Health Care
RUNNING HEAD: ADDRESSING ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 1
5
ADDRESSING ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE
SOWK 522
Assignment #4: ADDRESSING ADOLESCENT
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE
MOROCCO
Orion C. Brutoco
April 25, 2017
Kristie Holmes Ph.D, LCSW
Child marriage, also known as Child, Early, and Forced Marriage (CEFM), by the United States
Agency of International Development (USAID), is an issue of global proportions. Since, the
problem itself crosses multiple aspects of a society, a multi–sector approach is recommended by
USAID and many other global nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to alleviate the burdens that
are both causes and effects of CEFM (Glinski, Sexton, & Meyers, 2015). Child ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These religious traditions, which have become normalcies, regardless of legislation to raise the
minimum age for marriage to eighteen, CEFM is still widely practiced. This presents an uphill battle
that requires a multi–sector approach to address not only religious aspects, but also financial and
economic factors that may limit the poorest of women from attaining the healthcare required to treat
the harmful consequences of adolescent pregnancy. This puts women at even greater risk for
maternal mortality, and post–natal mortality.
Many successful interventions and sustainable strategies have been proven useful in shifting
perspectives both in respects to gender inequality and access to essential resources, which all have
an affect on reducing rates of CEFM across the globe. In Morocco, the King has already taken
initiative toward passing laws raising the minimum marriage age from fifteen to eighteen, for
women, in Article 19 of the reformed "Moudawana al–Usra" (pg. 218), Morocco's Family Code,
passed in 2004 (Zvan Elliot, 2009). This is one example of how the government's role has supported
the multi–sector approach.
Since the multi–sector system brings together outside global NGO's, inter–agencies, government,

and ministries of health and justice, adolescent married girls and women have an "army of support"
addressing a

Overpopulation Is A Global Catastrophe
Naturally, as our population grows in size our growth rate increases exponentially. As a result, we
face the issue of overpopulation, one of the many dangerous trends discussed in Anthony Barnosky
and Elizabeth Hadly's Tipping Point for Planet Earth. Currently, if we do not make any changes, it is
expected that we will reach a population size over twenty–seven billion people by the year 2100.
Along with this massive increase in population size, we will also face a rise in food and water
shortages, an increase in population density, and an overall loss of quality of life. In order to prevent
these potential effects, Barnosky and Hadly suggested three possible solutions to combating
overpopulation–a global catastrophe, a one–child policy, or an increase in education, job, and
contraception availability among girls. Any one of these solutions will potentially help us prevent
overpopulation; however, exactly which solution it ends up being all depends on our preparation and
the actions we take now. Ideally, we would like to avoid a global catastrophe that would decimate
the population. But, if we are unable to lower our growth rate another world war, or something like a
pandemic could occur. While no correlation between population density and nation level conflict has
been made, the connection between overcrowding and increased internal conflict has been (Tir
1998). Thus, it would be preferable to take advantage of the other solutions like the one–child policy
that China

The Political Economy Of Gender
Over the past century, women in numerous dissimilar cultures have become increasingly agitated at
the value placed by the government in promoting traditional patriarchal lifestyles. This focus on men
being the breadwinners of their family outside of the house so that it becomes difficult for women to
succeed outside domestic life is a spark of controversy. In many cases, it has led to an intense
examination of policy changes, or lack thereof, by governments in response to a collective women's'
voice within their respective countries, in their quest for equality in the home and workplace.
Responses to gender gap problems don't have the same solutions around the world however.
Through the "The Political Economy of Gender" by Iversen and Rosenbluth the effect modern
movements have on women's beliefs can be examined through Albert Hirschman's ideas of "voice
and exit" and further applied to situations such as those examined in "Exit, voice, and family policy
in Japan" by Leonard Schoppa. In "The Political Economy of Gender" Iversen and Rosenbluth
provide background on the economic outlook of what the gender gap means both economically and
socially. What is fascinating about this is the evolution of economic models in dealing with the
division of labor they explore. Initial models on the topic such as Becker's focused on the "male–
dominated family of the 1950s" to actually reinforce why men should make more money than
women. While this seems archaic in its roots, I would argue

Overpopulation Is Not The Issue
Overpopulation is blamed for many of todays problems around the world including poverty, hunger,
and war. In reality, overpopulation is not the issue. In fact, the term "overpopulation" shouldn't even
be used because it makes one infer that there is too many people on this planet. That, however, is not
true. There are plenty of resources to go around and the population may actually be declining instead
of growing. Overpopulation will not be an issue for the future of planet Earth because the poverty
rate is decreasing, there is plenty of food for everyone, and birth rates are going down. Poverty
decreases as population increases. Poverty isn't a disease its the lack of a thing like darkness.
Poverty usually exists when infrastructure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A single human being is incapable of solving some of the most basic problems that need to be
solved in order for their lives to improve. With community, however, there is an assembly of minds
and an increase in labor that allows people to solve a problem and accomplish a harder and more
complex task (Episode 4: Poverty). More people actually helps lower poverty rates. People have
more opportunities in urban areas to increase education therefore getting a higher paying job and
bringing them out of poverty.
There is plenty of food to go around, it just isn't always distributed evenly. "The world currently
produces enough food for everybody, but many people do not have access to it" (What Causes
Hunger?). Something along these line was said by both the United Nations Food and Agricultural
Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFO). We can grow more food on less land
now because of genetically modified plants. Plant breeders have worked to find the best variety of
plants that can produce the most and resist disease and other natural problems. Since many plants
have been genetically modified, they produce higher yields. We are also able to grow food in places
where it has now been able to be grown before. This is because of modern technology such as better
irrigation systems, adding nutrients and chemicals to the soils, and finding crops that would better
adapt to a

Hiv Prevalence--Ghana
NATIONAL HIV PREVALENCE
& AIDS ESTIMATES REPORT
2011–2015
National AIDS/STI Control Programme Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health. Accra, Ghana.
National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report
National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report 2011–2015
March 2012
National AIDS/STI Control Programme Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health Accra, Ghana
©National AIDS/STI Control Programme 2012 ©Ghana Health Service 2012 All rights reserved.
The designations employed and the presentation material in this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the NACP concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area or of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
EPP Curve Fitting Parameters used for the 2011– 2015 curve fitting Table 2. Population and
Demographic parameters used for projection Table 3. Programme Indicators Table 4. Infant feeding
data Table 5. National HIV Prevalence Estimates, 2011 Table 6. National HIV Prevalence Estimates,
2012 Table 7. HIV Population Table 8. Trends in Projected HIV Incidence, AIDS Mortality and ART
Needs
III
Introduction
H
IV prevalence data is critical for planning and implementation of programmes within the National

Response. The data is useful for understanding the magnitude of the HIV/ AIDS problem and for
monitoring the impact of interventions. Generation of HIV prevalence data is done using
UNAIDS/WHO recommended methods. As in other countries with generalized HIV epidemics, the
estimates of HIV prevalence in Ghana is primarily based on sentinel surveillance among pregnant
women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) clinics and a national population based survey that includes
HIV testing. It is recognized that both sentinel surveillance and population–based surveys each have
strengths and weaknesses but together provide complementary information. Sentinel surveillance
provides samples that are consistent over time so that good estimates of HIV trends can be obtained.
Population–based surveys, on the other hand, provide much better geographic coverage of the

Do You Have Children?
Do you have children? If not, do you plan on having children in the future? Voluntary childless
marriages have become a growing trend ever since the end of 1964s and have become even bigger at
the start of 2006. According to the U.S. Census Bureau 's Current Population Survey, in 2014 about
47.6 percent of women between the age 15 and 44 had never had children. One might ask what's the
primary cause of childless couples.Childless couples are caused because of young couples seeking
higher levels of educations and positions, the need to become financially stable and have become
more self–centered over the years.
Couples between the ages of 20–40 will be more likely to put off having children until they have
completed their education ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also gives employers second thought of giving women a higher promotion since they might not be
available when the employer need or they might have to change some policy and quotas to adapt to
the women schedule ."There has been a profound disconnect between the speed at which women
have been asked to take full–time roles in the workplace and the rate at which we've adapted laws
and social programs to support this drastic change in the lives of women," Plan. Employers
nowadays expect their employees to people productive and efficient if employers have to use
resources or change productive level due to one person it might be cheaper if the employer lets go
the employee.
It's quite common for most couples in first world countries to delay having children until they 're
able to sustain themselves and their child financially. Children average cost expense yearly range
from $10,000–$20,000 yearly. The fees sometimes make couple rethink about having a
child.According to moneysense, the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 is about
$243,660.It cost $12,825 per child per year or $1,070 per month this is not factoring university and
other expenses.Having a child has many financial issues like child care, necessary expenses, and
ongoing expenses.Statistics Canada show on average the number of people pays for child care is
$4,000–$7,000 until the age of 11.

Sustainable Development, Poverty and Population Growth
"Sustainable development (SD) is maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to
improve lifestyles and feeling of well–being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and
ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend" (Authorstream, 2010, p 1: ¶ 1). In
concurrence, the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) asserts that SD is,
"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs" (Authorstream, 2010, p 1: ¶ 2). This essay concentrates on
how population growth and poverty issues are interrelated with each other as well as being related to
the concept of sustainable development.
Panayotou (2000, p 177: ¶ 2) asserts that in rural, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Van Ginneken and van Diepen (1993, p 354), population growth appears to vary across
the world and especially between less developed (LDC's) and more developed countries (MDC's).
The greatest population growth appears most likely to arise in LDC's. Van Ginneken and van Diepen
(1993, p 355) suggest that in LDC's, such as Africa for example, prospective, fast–paced population
growth has been attributed to the fact that the youth of the population are expected to produce a
significant amount of children into the future i.e. each prospective family is likely to at least produce
one or two children. This is known as a demographic transition and occurs in both LDC's and
MDC's. In the midst of this transition process, LDC's tend to have elevated birth rates; it is at this
point that population growth is at its greatest (Van Ginneken and van Diepen, 1993, p 355). Overall
LDC's appear to have a far more volatile population growth than MDC's (Van Ginneken and van
Diepen, 1993, p 355).
For example, energy usage in an LDC such as South Africa has substantially increased since 1983,
partially due to massive population growth. Van Ginneken and van Diepen (1993, p 360: ¶ 2)
forecasted that, "in 2050, the share of LDC's in the total use of energy would be 87%, compared to
27% now." There is a degree of uncertainty involved as to whether these energy demands can be
fulfilled, and whether the associated polluting emissions can be suitably dealt with in

The Political Economy Of Gender
Over the past century, women in various, and in many cases extremely different cultures have
become increasingly agitated at the value placed by the government in promoting traditional
patriarchal lifestyles. This focus on men being the breadwinners of their family so that it becomes
difficult for women to succeed outside domestic work, is a spark of controversy that has led to an
intense examination on policy changes, or lack thereof, by governments in response to a collective
women's' voice within their respective countries, in their quest for equality in the home and
workplace. Responses to gender gap problems don't have the same solutions around the world
however. Through the "The Political Economy of Gender" by Iversen and Rosenbluth the effect
modern movements have on women's beliefs can be examined through Albert Hirschman's ideas of
"voice and exit" and further applied to situations such as those examined in "Exit, voice, and family
policy in Japan" by Leonard Schoppa. In "The Political Economy of Gender" background is
provided on the economic outlook of what the gender gap means both economically and socially.
What is fascinating is the evolution of economic models in dealing with the division of labor. Initial
models on the topic such as Becker's focused on the "male–dominated family of the 1950s." While
this seems archaic in its roots, it can be argued that this first examination provides a backdrop for the
decades of extreme change that began to occur just

Fertility Rate And Age Specific Fertility Rates
This paper will explore the population phenomena pertaining to Singapore acquiring and sustaining
low fertility, which has ultimately resulted in an ageing population. There is a multitude of
interconnected factors that have contributed to Singapore's low fertility, and more importantly how
this has reduced younger populations being added every year. However, this paper will focus on the
premise that women's higher educational attainment has prompted a delay in marriage, and thus a
delay in having babies. Therefore, this paper will evaluate statistics retrieved from the International
Data Base from the Census Bureau Website that include the Total Fertility Rate and Age Specific
Fertility Rate in Singapore over a span of twenty years. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Age Specific Fertility Rate is contingent on the age of a woman and places her in groups of
women based on their age and then predicts how many babies each woman is expected to have over
a period of time based on a specific population (Poston & Bouvier, 2010, p. 45). In Singapore, the
Age Specific Fertility Rate peaked for women between the ages 30–34 in 1997, 2007, and 2017.
However, while there was a reduction in fertility rates for all ages across a women's life span from
1997 to 2007, there was a slight increase in fertility rates in 2017 for the age groups 30–34, 34–39,
40–44, and 45–49 (Refer to Graph 1). While elderly women tend to have fewer babies on average
than younger ones, which is true for Singapore, the slight increase in childbearing in later years
indicates changes in the structure of individual lives and the society as a whole. This data ultimately
suggests that women in Singapore are waiting longer to get married and have children, which are
pertinent causes of the country's low fertility and ageing population. While there are many societal
and economic factors contributing to delays in marriage and reproduction, this paper will focus
primarily on the increase of Singaporean women obtaining higher education and subsequently
joining the workforce. In the article, "Delayed marriage and ultra low fertility in Singapore..."

Relationship Between Fertility Rates and Education...
Introduction
It has come to our attention that in developed countries the birth rate has been decreasing with the
years. This trend is however not limited to developed countries but is also present in emerging
countries, like Mexico. One of the main reasons for this decline is said to be the postponement of
marriage among young people. Obtaining a higher education could lead young women to remain
unmarried in their twenties. Increasing possibilities to achieve a higher education and therefore
working in an appealing job has become increasingly attractive to young women. This change in
values also contributed to the increase in unmarried singles in their twenties. However, it is also
possible that the influence of one's family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rates above two children indicate populations are growing in size and the median age is declining.
Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their
children and for women to enter the labor force. Rates below two children indicate populations are
decreasing in size and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general declining and this trend is
mostly predominant in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are
projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years.
Description of the Procedures Used
The purpose of this section is to describe the course of action of the study and to specify the steps
taken.
In order to answer the research question in an appropriate way, it was first needed to do intensive
research in the internet in order to obtain relevant data. The pages consulted were INEGI and Index
Mundi. On these pages it was possible to collect data regarding the birth rate, the fertility rate and
the level of education. The next step was to convert the data into tables and graphs, describe them
and to provide some background information in order to make the data clearer. Furthermore, one can
already see at first sight how the fertility rate and level of education are developing at first sight.
In order to tackle the question (Whether there is a relation between the increase in the level of
education and the decline in the

Malthus Theory On Global Overpopulation
Even though some say that Malthus's theory was correct, I believe that Malthus's theory on global
overpopulation was wrong. Malthus's theory was wrong because he didn't see the future of
technology, birth rates or what the global population would look like in the future. However, even
though I believe that Malthus's theories weren't correct a few hundred years ago, doesn't mean that
they will always be incorrect.
First off, we will look at how birth rates are trending over the globe. With the United States, the
birth rates have been declining for the past few years. Looking at the past six years, starting in 2008,
the birth rate was 14.18 per 1000 persons. Looking at 2014 the birth rate was 13.42 per 1000
persons. The average number of babies women from 15 to 44 have over their life dropped to a
record low last year, to 1.86 babies, well below the 2.1 needed for a stable population. For every
1,000 women ages 15 to 44, there were 62.5 births in 2013, compared with 63 the previous year. As
we see here, these numbers are not heading in the right direction, but are not all that bad.
I have also came by the number 2.1 needed for a stable population. I wanted to learn more about that
so this is what I found out. Replacement rate fertility requires each woman to replace herself.
According to the CIA World Factbook, there are 107 boys born for every 100 girls. Meaning that
each 100 women need to have 207 children, on average, in order to produce the 100 girls needed to
replace

The World 's Total Fertility Rate
What to Expect When No One is Expecting Reflective Analysis As our global population count
continues to exponentially climb, many people are under the impression the world is overpopulated.
A lot of society wonders how we will be able to sustain such a large population. An overpopulated
planet could cause or enhance problems such as natural resource depletion, global climate change,
and starvation. The majority of people believe overpopulation is our world's most crucial problem,
including me. Or at least I did before I read What to Expect When No One is Expecting. This book
definitely made me think twice. What to Expect When No One is Expecting, by Jonathan Last,
argues how overpopulation will not be a challenge for future generations. In fact, the book shares
how married couples are not having enough babies. Statistically, in the last forty years, the world's
total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased from 6.0 to 2.52. Meaning, the average woman is having 4.48
less children in her lifetime. At first glance, this statistic seems like a good thing, but in reality it is
expected to have a devastating effect. What to Expect When No One is Expecting convinced me the
world doesn't have an overpopulation problem by explaining how economics is a major cause of the
lowered fertility rates, and consequently, because there are less babies, the economy will take the
biggest hit. Today, in America, the TFR stands at 1.93 and continues to fall. However, the average
American couple

China 's One Child Policy : Destructive Or Constructive?
China's One–Child Policy: Destructive or Constructive?
Classical Argument Essay
China's one–child policy has created a wide range of debates as to whether it is helpful or
detrimental to the country due to the conditions it holds. In 1978, China discussed a law stating
married couples could only have one child within their lifetime. This policy was eventually applied
a couple years later, in 1980, after they discussed the various terms of the policy. After several years
of action, China added flexibility to this law, allowing families to have another child after five years
as long as their first child is female. The one–child policy was originally enacted as a temporary
solution to control the bursting population of the country, however ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Li and Zhang state, "the one–child policy may indeed have contributed to the rapid growth of the
Chinese economy since the late 1970s", after conducting their study (Li and Zhang 116). If China's
population had grown at the rate that it was before the 1980s, it is highly possible that the country
would have ended up crashing in production with little people actually living the comfortable lives
that they do now. While the population is still growing, it is not at as rapid of a rate as years previous
to the policy. Li and Zhang find, "Shanghai achieved a birth rate as low as 0.6% in the period 1993–
1998" (Li and Zhang 112), showing that even highly populated areas can keep growth under control
when certain conditions are met. Li and Zhang state the reduction in birth rate has made the biggest
contribution as it has affected more than just the population.
With less people inhabiting the country, unemployment has dropped significantly. Cheap labor has
resulted in a surplus of jobs being offered because the country can afford to pay a lot more people.
Due to citizens being willing to work cheaply, the country they live in is more inclined to offer
multiple positions to people searching for an occupation. This results in less people going without
jobs. Nakra states, "Economists project that in the next 20 years the working–age group will fall in
China by around 100 million people" (Nakra 137), with the policy there will be plenty of jobs
available. With less children in the

The Effects Of Declining Fertility On South Korea And Japan
In modern society, the phenomenon of declining fertility is visible in many countries and is not only
confined to South Korea and Japan. However, the phenomenon of low natality is more likely to be
found in developed countries such as South Korea and Japan, which stand 219th and 220th,
respectively, out of 224 countries according to the birth rate chart of the CIA World Factbook
recorded in 2013. The low birth rate below the replacement rate 2.0 is expected to be more critical to
small countries like South Korea and Japan because of limited natural resources and scarcity of
manpower. South Korea and Japan share many characteristics to foreign people because they are
neighboring countries who had many cultural and trade exchanges in the past. When it comes to
comparing and contrasting the declining fertility in both countries, most of the characteristics are
considerably similar when viewed from the big picture but different when looked in detail. This
research paper will begin by providing a brief description about when low fertility society began.
Then, the paper will primarily focus on three subjects: significant factors of fertility change,
problems aroused by low fertility, and possible solutions such as policies suggested by their
governments.
Both South Korea and Japan are now societies of low fertility, but Japan entered the society of low
fertility about 10 years earlier than South Korea. In 1950s, the fertility rate for both countries was
above replacement level.

Compare And Contrast The Us And Rwanda
In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the data provided on the United States and
Rwanda.
GDP PER CAPITA
The GDP per capita is the gross domestic product per person. This is the income of the country
divided by the population. THE US has a higher GDP of 56,207,04$ as shown in table 1.This means
that the United States economy is rising at that there is an increase in productivity .Rwanda has a
low GDP per capita as shown in table 2 .this means that the economy of Rwanda isn't efficient and
this tells us that country is suffering from poverty and corrupted and inefficient government. The
GDP per capita comparisons shows us that the US performance is higher
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
This is a way in which a country can measure its economy. THE United States has a higher GDP of
18.04trilion$ as shown in table 1.This means that the US is increasing the amount of production that
is taking place in the economy and the people have a higher income and hence are ... Show more
The United States has a high death rate of 8.41deaths/thousand as shown in table 1 .This happens
because the United States have a much higher proportion of older people ,due to low birth rates and
mortality rates .Rwanda has a high death rate of 6.43 deaths/thousand .They have a low proportion
of older people due to a high birth rate and mortality rate .
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person can live .Rwanda has a low life expectancy of 65.788 years as
shown in table 2 due to its poor health care and nutrition .They are also effected by the
socioeconomic factors .Rwanda also doesn't have a proper educational system therefore the people
do not get jobs so they are not able to pay for the medicines they might need .The United STATES
has a high life expectancy of 79.501 years as shown in table one .This tells us that the quality of
health care and quality of life is very good in the United states.
TOTAL FERTILITY

The Importance Of Women In Developing Countries
Slums, corruption, malnutrition, starvation, lack of sanitation and high fertility rates are all
characteristics of developing countries. Burundi is a country with one of the highest population
density in sub–Saharan Africa. At an annual growth of 3% per year, Burundian women have an
average of 6.38 children during her lifetime. What are the main causes of the high fertility rate?
How can developing countries move from high fertility to low fertility? Many factors can account
for high fertility rates in developing countries, such as the lower status of women, lack of knowledge
about contraceptives and high infant mortality.
The primary factor to higher fertility in developing countries to lower fertility in developed
countries is the lower status of women. Developing countries follow traditional trends that everyone
should get married, in fact, 98.2% of the Burundian population is married. (United Nations, 2012)
Women of developing countries have less control over how many children they want to have versus
how many children their husbands want to have. They do not have the independence of choosing
unlike women in developed countries. In addition, Burundian society has a tendency to be in favor
of males rather than females. For example, parents spend more resources on male offsprings rather
than female offsprings in doctor visits, food, and education. When children of a particular family get
sick, the parents would rather take the male offsprings to the doctors because male

I Dont Hknow
Question 1
Which is TRUE about infertility?
Assisted reproductive technology includes all fertility treatments in which both egg and sperm are
handled.
Question 2
Population statistics reflect two important trends. These are: fertility rate; mortality rate
Question 3
The number of children born per 1,000 women aged 15–44 is called the: general fertility rate.
Question 4
Developed nations such as the United States, Canada, or in Western Europe tend to have
__________fertility rates and __________ mortality rates. low; low
Question 5
Sophie just had a baby, and her government ensures that she has 16 weeks of paid maternity leave,
with 3 additional years of unpaid leave if she wants it. Her husband also has 11 days of paid ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Question 15
A cultural value that encourages childbearing is called: pronatalism. Question 16
With respect to couples who are voluntarily childfree: childfree couples usually experience their
decision as a process that is revisited several times.
Question 17
Every time you and your spouse go to see your Grandma, she starts up again with "When are you
two going to have children? What are you waiting for? Don't you know how great it is to be
parents?" This is an example of: pronatalism. Question 18
Which of the following is TRUE about childbirth?
C–sections are the most common form of surgery in the United States.
Question 19
People today find the transition to parenthood: surprisingly difficult.
Question 20
According to the USDA, the largest category of cost associated with raising children is:. housing
Question 21
Ruth is experiencing infertility, which is defined as: the inability to get pregnant after one year of
trying.

Question 22
Monika cannot carry a fetus to term; therefore, her egg was mixed with her husband's sperm and
implanted into a surrogate to carry to term. This is called: gestational surrogacy.
Question 23
Jan is concerned about the opportunity costs associated with raising children. Opportunity costs
include: part–time work
Question 24
Which group has the highest fertility rate today?
Hispanics
Question 25
The world's population is about

Kenya Research Paper
The country I am going to talk about is Kenya. Kenya is a country found in East Africa rising from a
low coastal plain on the Indian Ocean to mountains and plateaus at its centre. Kenya's capital is in
Nairobi and its borders Tanzania, South Sudan, Uganda Ethiopia and Somalia. This makes a main
entry of products to the landlocked Uganda. Kenya covers 569,140 square kilometres of land and
11,227 square kilometres of water, making it the 49th largest nation in the world with a total area of
580,367 square kilometres. Kenya became an independent state in 1963, after gaining its
sovereignty from The United Kingdom. The population of Kenya is 43,013,341 and the nation has a
density of 76 people per square kilometre. The currency is the Kenya shilling ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In conclusion, the various aspects of the economy have been tackled with a keen eye on the
production output performance analysis. This includes the various factors of the economy, such as
real GDP, real GDP growth rate and real GDP per capita analysis. Furthermore, the labor market
analysis of the Kenyan economy has been scrutinized. This takes into consideration the
unemployment and the various types of unemployment in the Kenyan economy. The development
spectrum is well shown by the population factors and it's GDP. The GDP stands at $14.9 billion with
a 5.6% growth and 5.5% 5–year compound annual growth and a capital of $3208 per capita. The
unemployment rate is at 9.2 % and an inflation of 6.6%. Overall economic freedom is limited by
weak protection of property rights and by extensive corruption. Corruption is perceived as
pervasive, and the judicial system remains vulnerable to political influence. An expected growth of
economy is highlighted by the discovery of oil which has become an opportunity for rising Kenya's
growth, which is aimed at achieving country's vision 2030

Japan Population Growth Declining Birth Rate and the Problems
a) Study a country on how and why its population has aged rapidly during the last 40 or 50 years,
and analyze its consequences.
Japan's graying population: The reasons behind it, steps taken to curb it and the implications of an
aging society
Introduction
Japan has seen rapid development from the times of Meiji Restoration (1868) up till today. In fact, it
has grown more rapidly than any other countries from 1870 to 1994 (Nafziger,1995) because of the
various economic policies its government had undertaken after the war ended. Thus, as a result of
this economic growth, standard of living has gone up and along with technological advancements,
Japan enjoys one of the highest life expectancy compared to any other countries in the world ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another reason is the economic recession. The economy was bad for Japan throughout the 1990s.
The unemployment rate rose sharply from 2% in 1990 to 5% in 2003(Suzuki, 2006). Youth was not
given an opportunity to work and those who did obtain a stable job decreased from 77.8% in 1988 to
55.8% in 2004 and that those who obtained no job or a temporary job went up from 9.4% to 24.6%
during the same period. The proportion proceeding to higher education increased from 6.5% to
11.8% meaning that starting a family will be delayed. .
Suzuki also mentioned that the low income of young men relative to their fathers discouraged
marriage. Previously, the income of men in their 30s were more than that of their fathers and
motivated women to marry them. Current trends, however, indicated that the relative income of
young men to old men has declined substantially and young men are less appealing as marriage
partners than before.
Problems with an aging society
One of the issues with an ageing society is that the dependency ratio of the country will increase.
Dependency ratio refers to the number of persons under age 15 plus persons aged 65 or older per
one hundred persons 15 to 64. It is the sum of the youth dependency ratio and the old–age
dependency ratio. This means that as the society ages, more young people are tasked

Family Planning And Its Effects On Women's Status And...
Family planning is the ability for couples to anticipate and achieve their desired number of children
and the spacing of their births. The fertility rate of a country can depend on many factors such as
religion, the social status of women, access to health care and the ideal family size. Successful
family programs aim to change all these things, the effects of these programs are far reaching and
often go beyond what was planned. First world countries don't often need a family planning
program, due to an increase in women's status and education. But third world countries who wish to
keep their population down due to economic, space, or resources issues must implement some form
of family planning. From harsh laws to changing social norms countries across the globe have begun
to see the effects of their programs. Family planning programs can change many aspects of life in
developing countries, the changes they make are effect by many things such as the government's
willingness to support them and current social values. In most cases family planning brings about a
positive change in the communities it effects.
China 's famous family planning programs started in 1962, family planning policies varying from
province to province. As described in Family Planning Policy in China: Measurement and Impact on
Fertility the general policy was no more than three children and mainly promoted through political
and social movements. in 1971 the family planning became uniform across the

The Three Demographic Variables And How They Affect...
3. Discuss the three demographic variables and how they affect population growth or shrinkage.
The three demographic variables are fertility, mortality, and migration. Fertility encompasses the
fertility rate which is how many children on average a woman can have. Countries with high fertility
rates tend to be poorer countries. These countries have scarce resources and the belief is that the
population growth will one day outstrip the food supply. Other countries that don't have soaring
fertility rate generally do not have scarce resource or rather keep both balanced. Mortality is viewed
by the annual deaths per a 1000 people. Mortality rates are found to be higher in countries that are
involved in nonstop war or conflict like Afghanistan and Israel. This is compelling because large
scale acts of violence which are common in these countries typically have huge population
shrinkages. Migration is measured by the migration rate which is the people moving into a country
compared to the number of people fleeing a country per 1000 people. This is the only demographic
that doesn't alter the global population, because no new births or deaths are happening. You can say
it's a shift of addresses.
4. Explain the difference between prejudice and discrimination. Is it possible to be prejudiced, but
not discriminate? To discriminate without being prejudiced?
The difference between discrimination and prejudice is discrimination is an action that is directed
towards a person or

Declining Birth Rates Developed Countries
Declining Birth rates in developed countries Developed countries in the last few decades have
encountered a new problem. As their population ages and leaves the workforce, less are replacing
them to enter. In fact, for most of human history, the elderly (those over 65) have never exceeded
3% or 4% of a country's population. In today's developed world, they comprise roughly 15% of the
population. By 2050, this could reach 25% on average (Chand & Tung, 2014).
The trend of decreasing fertility, accompanied with an aging population, has been an alarming
statistic for three different countries, including Japan, France and the United States. If the issue is
not remedied, these countries could see some pressing economic problems. No other country has
had such a sudden dramatic change in its population as Japan. In fact, according to Kumagai, (2010)
Japan experienced a doubling of its population over the age of 65 between 1970 and 1994. And as
the island nation's elderly population increases, their population entering the workforce seesaws
towards the polar opposite – less and less are there to replace them. Clark, Ogawa, & Kondo (2010)
further expand on the matter with the following: Unless demographic trends are reversed, the
Japanese population will decline in absolute size throughout the twenty–first century. Over the next
10 years, the decline will be relatively small but then the population will begin to shrink more
rapidly.
This decline is the direct result of

Since The Beginning Of Time, There Was Always An Imbalance
Since the beginning of time, there was always an imbalance between the power of a man and a
woman. In a stereotypical society, women would be the ones who were not recognized for not
putting in as much work as men do. The reason for this was because it was always the men who
went out to work and women who stayed home all day. In other words, women did and still do not
share the same equal rights as men. More specifically, why men get paid more than women do, even
when working similar jobs. In some cases, women don't get hired for certain jobs because some
employers underestimate women and their ability to finesse Oppression can be defined as "the
inequitable use of authority, law, or physical force to prevent others from being free or ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Muslim women wear scarves to convey their modesty, to control the sexual desire of a man. Others
would argue that men should be able to control their sexuality around a woman. In religions and
cultures, they often treat women as property. As stated in the article "Oppression and Women's
History," "the punishment for rape in some cultures is that the rapist's wife is given over to the rape
victim's husband or father to rape as he wishes, as revenge." This conveys that women in different
areas of the world don't even have freedom. Men govern the society and decide the laws, despite the
reasons that it is against their free will. Women are also punished more harshly than men are because
they are expected to obey the living norms within that place. This conveys that a woman's value is
less of a man's. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles developed theories based off political and economic
observations. The origins of Marxism were crated off of the analysis of the "theory of alienation,
labor theory of value and materialist conception history," (Ollman). His view on women's
oppression was through the capitalist perspective. One of his arguments consisted of "The
accumulation of surplus and private property", "that this powerful section was almost entirely men,"
(Richards & Saba). What Marx tries to explain here is that the oppression rose when females lost the
right to own

Gender Inequality In Japan
Japan, rich in traditionalist, patriarchal culture, is a developed country that has experienced large
economic growth from technological advances. Even with increasing globalization, its traditions and
values remain permeated in everyday life. Pregnancy outside of marriage is rare. There remains an
emphasis on interdependency, familial duty, and respect for elders. The Japanese recognize the
importance of socialization and the role of working with others to achieve a better society. Other
values, such as academic achievement, come from Confucian influences from neighboring East
Asian countries. Values like these subtly translate into a drive towards success in the workplace as a
means to support and honor their parents. With such a strong emphasis on achievement, family
building itself and challenging gender expectations have fallen by the wayside. Over the years,
female labor force participation and ineffective government support has resulted in a below–
replacement fertility rate, prompting an aging Japanese population.
Over the last 20 years, Japan's low fertility rates have made a significant impact on the age structure
of the population. Starting with the below–replacement total fertility rate of 1.39 in 1997, this
fostered the decline in population (U.S. Census Bureau). In recent years, the fertility rate in 2017
was 1.41, barely higher than the rate 20 years ago (U.S. Census Bureau). As total fertility rates
remain low, population aging occurs as fewer children are

The Pros And Cons Of Plastic Engineering
One might compare the use of genetic modification to having plastic surgery. Those who were
severely burned in fires, born with a cleft palate, or women who have undergone a mastectomy are
often candidates for plastic surgery and rightly so, but many others undergo plastic surgery merely
to "fit" into society's idealized concept of perfection. The same goes for the use of genetic
modification; there are good reasons for its use as well as bad reasons. The use of genetic
modification to create genetically modified children in order to help infertile women conceive is a
worthy cause; however, the use of this new technology could lead down a slippery slope.
On May 5, 2001, the world's first genetically modified children were born into our world. The
United States performed an experiment in which thirty healthy GM babies were born. This
experiment brought forth concerns of the ethics involved. On the positive side, mothers who would
have been considered infertile otherwise were now able to conceive. Over the years, scientists have
made great strides in the field of infertility: however, with the new CRISPR technology, a whole
new door could be opened for women previously considered barren. To help infertile women, a
fertility specialist would remove the infertile woman's egg, retrieve a female donor's fertile egg,
extract the genetic material that makes that egg fertile, place it back into infertile female's egg, and
finally fertilize it with the father to create a child.

Solving The Demographic Transition Model
Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America, is a textbook example of a country
firmly in stage 2 of the demographic transition model. A country steeped in rich culture, Guatemala
still has a sizeable population of Mayans, the ethnic group that populated the geographical region
pre–colonization. This minority is often the victim of marginalization, much like the Native
Americans of the United States. This, combined with the pressures of a rapidly increasing
population, create many complicated issues for the country to deal with as its next generation comes
of age. High fertility rates come with the territory of Guatemala 's current position in the
demographic transition model. If Guatemala doesn't keep its population in check ... Show more
One way to destroy the vicious cycle of high birth rates is to empower women through social
change, specifically, education. There is a proven connection between the education level of a
mother and how many children she will have, statistically. In the United States, birth rates of women
with less than 12 years of total education are more than triple their college–educated counterparts.
This can logically be applied to Guatemala's situation to find that if more women are educated, not
only in school, but in proper child care and contraception use, their Total Fertility Rate should
rapidly decrease to a more sustainable level. This is a one–two punch: not only will women have
less children, the ones they do have will likely be raised more effectively and are less likely to die of
disease in infancy. Guatemala must engage in a campaign to enroll more girls in school. This will be
difficult, due to the culture of the country. Women are expected to stay at home and work the fields.
Culture must shift to make progress, as it so often does. Guatemala's population issues don't just
deal with the numbers. Even once their population growth is slowed to a safe level, the people of
Guatemala deserve a higher quality of life on average. As stated before, more than half their
population is below the poverty line. Approximately 30% of their labor force works in agriculture,
and it only makes up 13.5% of their GDP. Many of the poorest households in this category

Factors Affecting Human Population Growth
Stunting Human Population Growth
No Population can have an ongoing exponential growth without having a limit that rules over the
population's size. This limit is called the carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the number of
people, animals and crops that a region can support without environmental degradation. The way
things are now, the human population is going to break through its carrying capacity very soon.
Exceeding the carrying capacity means that the number of humans roaming the earth is greater than
the number of humans the food supply can hold. Therefore, the only way to avoid a future battle for
food is by reducing the birth rate of newborns in families across the globe.
There is three ways that can prove effective against our growing population. 1.Laws: One way for a
country or other ruling authoritative body to control population growth is to institute laws that
prohibit high fertility. 2.Contraception: Another important way to limit population growth is to
increase the rate of contraception among the population. 3.Economics: When the cost of having a
child is extremely high, it deters parents from having more than a couple of kids. Everyone have
their own opinion on which of these methods would work best in keeping our population under
check. However, I believe that even though that all of these methods can prohibit high fertility, only
through contraception and education the population will stay under control for the longest time.
According to the

Juvenile Justice in Nepal
Term Paper On
Social Context of Children in Nepal Juvenile Justice
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. Bala Raju Nikku Bidhya Joshi Bikina Chhetri
Kadambari Memorial College Date: 21st November, 2010
Juvenile Justice:
Juvenile justice is the area of criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held
responsible for criminal acts. In most states, juvenile justice law is applicable to those under 18
years old. Juvenile law is mainly governed by the juvenile justice codes of states. The main goal of
the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation rather than punishment.
Juvenile justice is administered through a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In practice however these safeguards are not consistently respected and the investigation systems are
not child friendly.
The government of Nepal has established only one correctional home which is located in
Kathmandu valley.
Status of Children in Nepal:
The population of children (below 18 years of age) is 12.2 million – around 48% of total population.
Every week, 2000 children or every day 191 children lose their lives due to the country's
indifference towards them. The under–five mortality rate is 59 out of every 1000 live births. Out of
3.6 million children under five years of age, 62% do not have access to basic health services. Every
year 50,000 children die of preventable diseases. 39% children do not get to finish primary
education. 2.6 million Children are working as child labourers in order to make out a living. Among
them, 127,000 children's lives are in danger. Child marriage before the age of eighteen is at 51%.
Every year, 12,000 children and women are trafficked in Nepal. Among them, 20% of children are
below 16 years of age. Children are trafficked for domestic work, carpet weaving, circus, forced
marriage and prostitution. (World Vision International Nepal, 2009) Fig.2: Nepal Demographic and
Health Survey, 2006

Demographic Indicators to the top
Population (thousands), 2008, under 18 12666
Population (thousands), 2008, under 5 3535
Population annual growth rate (%), 1970–1990 2.4

Analysis Of China 's ' China Road '
Reading "China Road" opened my eyes to many of the issues China faces as it attempts to become a
world power. Despite being slightly outdated, this book provided good insight into what China is
like in the eyes of an outsider. In addition to providing insight, this book also helped me become
more aware of some of the cultural norms of China. What I was most surprised about was how
different life in China is depending on where one lives. The difference in quality of life was so
dramatic when comparing the cities of China to the rural farming areas. I also was amazed by how
different the Chinese act in terms of their attitudes. In particular, while reading I came to a part in
the story where the author spoke about a bus ride. On this bus ride, a watermelon fell off of a
luggage rack and landed on a child's head. In America, this would have been a big deal. Most likely
an ambulance would have been called, a lawsuit would have been filed, and some sort of bus reform
policy would be put into place. In China, nothing happened after this event. People on the bus made
sure the child was okay but, after that, they returned to their normal business. Nobody made a big
deal out of it, and nobody saw it as an opportunity to sue and make money. America is such a
litigious country. In China, it seemed as if they had more forgiving personalities. They were less
caught up in personal gain, and more focused on the important things in life. Another detail that
surprised me about China was the

Human Consumption Is Depleting The Earth 's Natural...
Human consumption is depleting the Earth 's natural resources and impairing the capacity of life–
supporting ecosystems. Humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively over the
past 50 years than during any other period, primarily to meet increasing demands for food, fresh
water, timber, fibre and fuel. Such consumption, together with world population increasing from 2.6
billion in 1950 to 6.8 billion in 2009, are major contributors to environmental damage.(Human
population growth and the demographic transition). Strengthening family–planning services is
crucial to slowing population growth, now 85 million annually,(Essential Environment, Human
Population,page 118) and limiting population size to 9.2 billion by 2050. Otherwise, birth rates
could remain unchanged, and world population would grow to 11 billion.(Essential Environment,
Human Population,page 120).
Indonesia is the 4th most populated country on the planet, making up 3.49% of the earths
population, behind China, India and US ( World Population). Indonesia's population is expected to
grow to 271. 1 million in 2020 and 305.6 million in 2035, and the question is can the future
Indonesia sustain this demographic burden (Indonesia 's population growth: A demographic bonus
or Burden)?
Of particular concern are addressing the issues of adolescent pregnancy as UN's 2010 World
Population Prospects estimated that 1.7 million women and girls under the age of 24 give birth
annually in Indonesia and almost half a

Family Structure And Structure Of The British Family
Introduction.
Family is the fundamental unit of society. The concept and structure of the British family has seen a
change over the last 50 years. These changes have culminated in the decay of marriage and therefore
the rise of cohabitation, new forms of family composition and the delay of parenthood, thus, making
traditional nuclear family less stable than in previous generations (Jenkins et al. 2009).
The aim of this essay is of great importance as it will look at important decades since the second
world war and will give a general understanding of the actual family structure trend in the UK. It
also aims to discuss the changes and impact of these on children, policies and legislation,
government, and society in general. Changes in British family throughout the last 50 years
Aggregate Changes in Household Composition.
Late decades have seen considerable changes here which clearly point out to notions of 'new '
lifestyles, not minimum the trend to autonomous living, and to new family patterns.
Table 1. Irwin (2000).
The most noticeable changes are the raise in the extent of one–person households, and in the extent
of lone parent families. In 1996–7 more than one fourth of households comprise one individual
living alone, twice the extent of 1961. The extent of families involving a couple family with
dependent children has fallen from 38% in 1961 to 25% in 1996–7 (Irwin, 2000).
Reference to Irwin (2000), reveals that marriage rates have been in relentless decrease

Human Population Growth
Once, when the world was changing and new lands were being explored and conquered, the opinion
of the masses was "Growth is good." There was no worry about the lives being harmed or how large
our impact was, or even of the future repercussions our actions might have. However, this once–
carefree opinion has twisted and mutated and created a monster: human population growth. It's big.
It's fast. And there's almost no way to stop it, with our current rate of increase. The consequences of
our forefather's actions, carried out so long ago and not given so much as a backwards glance, are
now coming back to haunt us, and they fight dirty. This growing beast is pressing an ever–increasing
strain upon our Earth's resources, and it seems like there is nothing we can do to prevent present and
future degradation. Luckily, the solution to this expanding issue is sustainability. Scientists and
researchers across the globe are working to design effective new ways to keep our way of life
without fanning the flames of global change. The bottom line is, the quicker we get started on
reducing and reversing global climate alteration, the better off everyone will be. Human population
growth has and is drastically affecting the cycles through which our environment works. Ever since
the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s, the growth has skyrocketed. With the additional help of the
Medical Revolution in the 1950s, our population has increased exponentially, causing detrimental

Inequality In Somalia
Introduction According to Maryan Qasim, an advisor in the Transitional Federal Government of
Somalia and an expert in women 's rights, the most dangerous thing women can do in Somalia is not
go to war, but give birth (Qasim). Over the past decade the country has not only struggled with
gender inequality, but with civil war (Somalia country profile). To this day, the country remains in
conflict and anarchy. Without laws or a solid form of government, the Somali people suffer from
drought, famine and destitution (Qasim). The Gender Inequality Index in Somalia is .776, placing
Somalia at the fourth highest position globally (Gender in Somalia). This statistic includes many
factors and results from not only the lack of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most common causes of maternal death are hemorrhage, prolonged and obstructed labour,
infections and eclampsia, toxemia that may occur in late pregnancy (ibid). Anemia and female
genital mutilation have a direct impact on, and aggravate these conditions. Women who undergo
FGM often experience complications when giving birth, especially in Somalia where pharaonic
circumcision, the most dangerous form, is practiced (ibid). In this form of FGM, the entire genital
area is "cleaned up" by snipping away the clitoris, labia and all external genitalia, thus creating a
large wound where the vaginal opening is sewn up with a wild thistle. The woman's legs are then
tied together so the wound can heal (Kristof). 95% of women in Somalia undergo FGM (Eradication
of Female Genital Mutilation in Somalia). Along with the initial pain of the procedure, FGM can
have severely adverse effects on the physiological, psychological, and sexual well–being of those
who undergo the practice (ibid). The practice of FGM also increases the likelihood of a girl
contracting HIV from unsterilized equipment. The total fertility rate in Somalia is also extremely
high at 5.8 children per woman (The World Factbook: SOMALIA). This high rate results in a low
proportion of women breastfeeding after four months and a lack of child spacing, which has
negative implications for both the health of the child

What Is The Effect Of China's One Child Policy
Overpopulation continues to be the leading driver of hunger, desertification, species depletion, and a
range of social problems across the planet. China is the world's most populous nation with around
1.357 billion people and India, with 1.252 billion, is catching up fast. Combined, the two nations
share more than one–third of the world's population. Both of the countries are grappling with huge
populations and the problems that arise with them, but they have chosen to employ drastically
different ways of coping. The population of China has become managed as a result of the One Child
Policy. Fifty years ago, China was the most populous country in the world, and while it still is, the
population has not grown as much as it would have if the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
India was the first country to enact a population policy, which was initiated in 1952, and is now
commonly known as the "First Five Year Plan" (July 31, 2012). This policy was enacted as a
response to decreasing mortality rates and a consequent population boom. The 1950's method was
commonly known as the "clinical approach" (July 31, 2012). Family planning facilities were
constructed in hopes that the population would use them, nevertheless this plan eventually failed, as
parents had no incentives to attend these facilities (July 31, 2012). By the 1960's, the government of
India knew that it had to modify its policies and introduced its third Five Year Plan focusing on
prolonging the current policies and setting target goals (July 31,

Why Is Japan’S Population Starting To Plunge?. My Research
Why Is Japan's Population Starting To Plunge? My research topic was about Japan's population but
more importantly, it was about Japan's fertility rate and why it was dropping so dramatically. The
questions that needed to be answer for this topic was, "what's happening with Japan's fertility rate?",
"why is Japan's population declining?", and "is the fertility rate dropping low due to work?". The
answer to these questions in general is that Japan's fertility rate has been dropping for the past few
decades and it's affecting the population. Research has shown that the cause of this problem is due to
work, especially for the women. The problem first started in the mid 1970's, where every year, fewer
and fewer children were being born in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Singapore has reached 1.2 births per woman and South Korea has one of most the lowest fertility
rate in the world. It is slightly less than 1.1 births per woman. South Korea's fertility rate went from
228,100 births in January–June 2015 to 215, 200 births in January–June 2016. A South Korean
expert on family and gender, says that in order to understand the issue, especially in Korea, we
needed to take a closer look at attitudes on marriage, childbearing, and gender roles, with economics
playing a large role, too. Women in modern Korea, who has a high level of education could
therefore most likely have the potential for economic independence and could have developed non–
traditional views on marriage and childbearing. A trend suggested that an increasing proportion of
women will be evaluating costs and benefits of having children and other options in life such as
having more time for employment and other non–familial activities. Young men and women who are
in their early 30's grew up in an era where South Korea was experiencing its most fast economic
growth. It is most likely that they have formed a taste for a high level of consumption and high
expectations of social and economic advances in their adult life.
Over the course of 2005 to 2014, the fertility rate in Japan has dropped down by .01 point from the
previous year to 1.42. Last year, the Japanese nation suffered the largest natural decline in its
population ever as the number of newborns hit a low record and

Egypt Economic and Social Issues
Bread, Water and Birth Control in Egypt
In September 2003, in an interview with Al–Ahram, the Egyptian government newspaper, in
response to a question about economic problems with a reference to a current shortage of bread –
President Mubarak of Egypt stated, once again, publicly and forcefully that rapid population growth
in Egypt was the primary cause of the country's economic and social problems. He added that the
country was doing what it could to solve these problems, but that the government could only do so
much. Implicit in his announcement was a patriotic call to the people to have smaller families. If the
President of Egypt speaks out publicly about population growth, it must be a grave concern of state
officials. Indeed, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"High fertility can impose costly burdens it can hinder economic development, increase health
risks for women and children, and erode the quality of life by reducing access to education,
nutrition, employment and scarce resources such as water." ("Population Growth in Egypt," Mona
Khalifa, Julie DaVanzo, and David M. Adamson, Rand Issue Study, 2000).
For 75 years, Egypt has paid attention to its population growth. A.G.Zohry recounts the evolution of
policy in his 1997 publication put out by the Cairo Demographic Center: "Population Policies and
Family Planning." In the 1930s, efforts consisted of awareness building and promotion of traditional
methods by non–governmental agencies. In 1937, an official Fatwa (declaration) was published
stating that the Islamic faith is not against the use of family planning. Government programs began
in earnest in 1953 with the establishment of the National Commission for Population Matters and in
1962 the National Charter proclaimed, "Population increase constitutes a dangerous obstacle" to
raising the standard of living for all. From 1965–1972 the government got involved in the Family
Planning Services through government state health and social services outreach. From 1973–1984
these services became more organized and related to education, realizing that a demand for their
services would be tied to the education of women. In the last 20 years, the Ministry of Health has
taken on principal

Twelve items selected from my closet for this project....
Twelve items selected from my closet for this project. They were manufactured in China, Vietnam,
Pakistan, Turkey, India, and the U.S. Five countries in this list are located in Asia; The U.S, China,
and India are three of the six contemporary world powers. For physical locations, both of China and
Vietnam located in the East and Southeast Asia; India and Pakistan located in the south Asia; Turkey
located in the Middle East, and the U.S located in the North America. Despite I purchased those
clothes in the U.S, according to the chart, it is easy to observe that six items were made in China,
and two made in Vietnam. This fact reflects that China and Vietnam became significant signs of
manufacturing in the world. In addition, the larger ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on the population issue, the Chinese government enforced the birth control policy from the
late twentieth century until now, so the total fertility rate of China is lower than the total fertility rate
of the U.S. In the labor market, China plays an important role of the labor export. Large population
emerges more workers, so the labors are cheaper in China. After the cold war in the 1990s, the
global economic cooperation made the connection between countries was more close and complex.
Many international companies invent and possess their core technologies in the U.S or other
developed countries, but they found their manufacturing factories in China. They already aimed at
the Chinese large cheap labor market could reduce the cost in their entire business. Consequently,
people can find different kind of stuff labeled as "made in China" easily and frequently–it is a good
explanation for the fact of half of my clothes were "made in China". Many small factories which
produce clothes and accessories are located in small towns in southeast of China, especially
Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong Provinces. Most of workers in those factories are wide range–age
women who from rural areas with lower level education. Their working conditions are depended on
the conditions of the factories. Vietnam has the similar situation to China in labors and

Television, Birth Control, By Fred Pearce

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