The document discusses the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. It describes that the heart has four chambers and uses double pumping to circulate blood through two circuits - pulmonary and systemic circulation. Blood vessels are composed of arteries, arterioles, veins, venules and capillaries. Arteries have thick elastic walls to withstand high blood pressure while veins have thin walls and act as a blood reservoir. Capillaries have a huge surface area and thin walls to maximize gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues. The document also lists common symptoms of a heart attack such as chest pain radiating to the left arm.

1. JEEVANKISHORE
TBILISI STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, GEORGIA

3. BLOOD
VESSELS
HEART BLOOD

5. • SUPPLY ENERGY…
[FUEL FROM FOOD]
• SUPPY OF OXYGEN FROM THE AIR WE BREATHE…
• DISPOSE BY PRODUCT OF COMBUSTIONS…
[CO2, H2O, Heat, etc…]

7. DOUBLE PUMP
PROVIDES FORCE FOR CIRCULATION OF
BLOOD
2 MAJOR SYSTEM OF CIRCULATION…
ù Pulmonary circulation
ù Systemic circulation
4 CHAMBERED
ù Right atrium
ù Left atrium
ù Right ventricle
ù Left ventricle

9. ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES
VEINS AND VENULES
CAPILLARIES

10. ARTERIES…
Thickcompliantwalls…
ù MustwithstandhighBP
ù Puncturecanbe fatal
ù HighBP damagesarterial
walls, leadingto vesseldisease
Largediameter…
ù Lowflowresistance
ù Transmitsentireheart
pressureto arterioles

11. ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
2 types
Systolic
ventricles contract,
arteries expand, hold 2/3
of stroke volume
Diastolic
ventricles relax, arteries
recoil, squeezing blood to
arterioles

12. VEINS AND VENULES…
ù very large radius and thin wall
ùLargest cross-sectional area
ù Negligible flow resistance
ù Large volume: holds 75% of blood and acts as blood
reservoir

13. Maximize exchange…
ù Huge surface area (~ football field)
ù Thin walls (no smooth muscle) to facilitate diffusion
ù Low blood velocity (~ 1 mm/s) gives more time for exchange
Flow is regulated by precapillary sphincter…
Only 1 of 30 capillaries is open in resting muscle…
CAPILLARIES…

15. Symptoms of heart attack
ùThe most common symptom (> 80%) is a heavy, persistent
pressure in the center of the chest, lasting 10 min or
more.
ù The pain often radiates upward to the neck, jaw, or left
arm and shoulder. Weakness and profuse sweating are
also common.
ù Sometimes the pain is a burning sensation, similar to
heartburn.
ù Rarely associated symptoms: brief and sharp pain, pain
on breathing