1. Learning Objectives
• Describe how lighting and sound design contribute to the
theatrical power of a play or musical.
• Apply the terms and vocabulary to specific examples of live
theatre to identify and differentiate the effects of lights or
sound on a production.
• Discuss the tools and processes that lighting and sound
designers use to accomplish their art.
• Discuss the contributions made by other technical
personnel to a theatrical production.
2. Key Concepts
• Designers rely more and more on new technologies in their
work.
• For nearly 2,000 years, theatrical lighting remained fairly
static, utilizing natural light, candles, and oil lamps.
• The advent of the use of gas, electricity, and computers
during the past two centuries revolutionized stage lighting.
• The craft of the lighting designer goes far beyond ensuring
visibility.
3. Key Concepts
• Because the work of the lighting designer often unifies
all aspects of the production, it is similar to that of the
director.
• The growing use of recorded and amplified sound in
the theatre has increased the need for sound
designers, as well as the complexity of their job.
• The “glue” that holds the work of the designers
together—as well as other members of the production
team—is the stage manager and the technical director
4. Lighting and Sound Design
• Applies the same visual elements and
principles of design as set and costume design
• Constantly working with new technology
• Typically the last elements added to a show
during production
5. Lighting Design:
Some History
In Ancient Greece and Elizabethan England, there was no ability to light stages. But the Greeks
probably used the natural lighting to coincide with specific moments in the play.
8. Lighting Design:
Some History
In 1816, gas ighting fixtures began to be used in Philadelphia. The rest of the world quickly
followed. This allowed technicians to control light by regulating the flow of gas
9. Lighting Design:
Some History
Above: 1) Limestones, 2) Gas lighter, 3) Gas container with bag and pressure valve, 4) Gas
pressure gauges and regulators
12. Lighting Design:
Some History
Technology continues to develop, allowing greater control over lighting as it continues to be an
important form of artistic expression.
13. Lighting Design:
Some History
Intelligent lights can be programmed to change direction, intensity, color, etc. They can also
be programmed to “listen” to music, and respond accordingly to pre-set patterns,
18. Lighting Design:
The Job(s) – Establish Environment and
Atmosphere
Apple Store, Chicago. All Apple Store lighting is copyright Sylvia Bistrong. This, as you may
imagine, made her a millionaire several times over.
22. Lighting Design:
Instruments
Follow Spots – man operated lights which provide
specific bright lights, usually for one individual
Scoop lights – technically ellipsoidals, these lights
provide a large, undefined wash of light for covering
large areas
23. Lighting Design:
Instruments
Gobos: Stencils cut into metal plates which provide specific patterning (As above, snowflakes)
for light
Gels: placed in front of lamps to filter light, providing
Specific colors on stage.
30. Sound Design:
Instruments
Many plays and musicals use body mics for amplification.
Sound boards can be as complicated
As lighting board.
Floor mics are designed to have a
Very low profile.
Small, thin area mics are often hung from the ceiling.
31. Sound Design
• Sound is incredibly important to theatre
– Helps define mood
– Helps set location
– Informs the audience how to feel