23. Sudden cardiac arrest is reversible in most victims if it's treated within a few minutes with an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal heartbeat. This process is called defibrillation.
26. Epidemiology of Sudden cardiac death Cardiac arrest accounts for between 250 000-350 000 death each year in USA. Expert estimate that the overall survival rate may be beween 3% and 5% , in many large urban areas maybe less than 2% . In China , approximately 1 000 000 - 1800,000 people suffer cardiac arrest every year .Mortality of cardiac arrest is 95%-98% in USA ， and 98%-99% in China 。 Delay Initiation of CPR are the main cause o f low survival rate. .
29. Chain of Survival Early Defibrillation Resuscitation success depend on each link in the chain. Early defibrillation has emerged the greatest impact on ultimate survival. When defibrillation alone is added to the BLS regimen,survival increases from 6% to 25% for prehospital VF.
30.
31.
32. Better chance of survival Brain damage starts in 4-6 minutes Brain damage is certain after 10 minutes without CPR
33. Sudden death is unique. Time constraints are extreme. A victim's chances of survival are reduced by 7 to 10%with every minute that passes without defibrillation
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. BLS 1.CALL Check the victim for unresponsiveness 2. BLOW Tilt the head back and listen for breathing . . 3. PUMP If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push .
42. New BLS process (2005) unresponsiveness opening the airway& check the victim CPR 2:30 until defibrillation or monitoring defibrillation once :360J Continue CPR for 5 groups (2:30)
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50. if no concern cervical spine injury . Head-tilt/neck stretch
51. Head-tilt/chin-lift if no concern cervical spine injury . (2005 guidline new) In patients with suspected cervical spine injuries-if unable to open airway using the jaw thrust, use the head-tilt chin lift
52. Jaw-thrust T he jaw –thrust is the safest method for opening the airway if there is the possibility of cervical spine injury.
78. Automated external defibrillators (AED) With a large pads are currently available. These machine can recognize VF and deliver direct current (DC) countershock with better than 85% sensivity and with 100%specificity.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121. Complication of artificial ventilation: Gastric distension and regurgitation and aspiration are common without endotracheal.
![OBJECTIVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)