Dyslexia Teaching

Dyslexia Teaching
Understanding Dyslexia: Defining, Identifying, and Teaching Research suggests that while there is
no cure for Dyslexia, students can adapt through multi–sensory instruction and become successful
members of society (Allen, 2010). In order to instruct students with dyslexia, it is crucial that
educators understand what dyslexia is, what causes it, and the steps to identifying a student who
struggles with reading and shows signs of dyslexia (Allen, 2010). According to Allen (2010), of
those who have identified as having a learning disability, 80% are affected by a reading disability.
According to Dejerine, Dyslexia is suspected to be neurobiological in origin. This is confirmed by
way of "functional magnetic resonance imaging (Allen, 2010). ... Show more content on
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After their struggles are recognized, good teaching will allow them to perform to the best of their
ability (MacKay, 1997). In order to make students with dyslexia feel more comfortable about
reading there are a few steps to follow. While telling students to read a book and then write a paper
on it may seem like basic instructions, to a student with dyslexia that could seem like a nightmare.
MacKay presents a few steps to follow when reading which include: title, captions, pictures,
questions, and reading. This is very beneficial to a student with dyslexia because his/her brain needs
tasks to be broken down otherwise they will feel like they are out of memory (MacKay, 1997).
There are many organizational tools that are helpful when reading or categorizing information.
Brainstorming is a great tool because no organization is required, it is simply just putting thoughts
on paper (MacKay, 1997). When timing is appropriate to organize the information mind maps would
be beneficial. Mind maps are a way to put your ideas together and sort information into paragraphs
in order to compile a paper (MacKay, 1997). For those who do not prefer mind maps another option
would be using linear notes. Linear notes simply means leaving room in the margin for the student
to write down facts he/she feels important (MacKay, 1997). MacKay elaborates that teaching
dyslexic students study skills proves that thinking and reasoning skills can shine even though their
basic skills may be a
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Stereotypes Of Dyslexia
Approximately 1 of 10 people are oblivious to the fact that they have dyslexia. Not knowing that
you have dyslexia is kind of like not knowing that your race, or a life without a mirror, and you not
being able to see yourself, thinking that you look until someone points out your flaw. People who
have dyslexia most likely would not know it until they get in to school. Children can presume that
they are flawed and they may feel lifted out, that can be hard. The ways you can find out or know
something about the disorder is to do some research. Some people do not even know about dyslexia
and how it affects your life. There are some ways to figure this out. To indicate if someone has
dyslexia someone would have to know the real subtypes of dyslexia. ... Show more content on
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Some people feel that they are "stupid" or "dumb", and that is not true they just have to adjust a bit.
It is sometimes hard to decode words. "Decoding is translating a printed word into its sounds...A
specialist can focus, for example, on prefixes and suffixes. So when a teen comes across a word like
polygamy, he can be taught the meaning of the prefix poly. Then he can apply that knowledge to
make sense of the meanings of specialized words beginning with that prefix, like polyhedron."
Sometimes it's just an eye to mouth problem where your brain is not picking up everything "
(Osewalt). Researchers have been trying to figure out what causes dyslexia. Is there one weakness–a
single deficit–that causes all of these issues? Or do the various issues have separate causes? Just
because someone has dyslexia doesn't mean that they have a disease (the Understood. Org team).
"Dyslexia is not a disease. It's a condition that you are born with, and it often runs in families.
People with dyslexia are not stupid or lazy. Most have average or above–average intelligence, and
they work very hard to overcome their learning problems" (?). One of the main reasons that a person
with dyslexia is called lazy is that they will give up and nor want to learn because the learning is too
hard for them to understand. When the kids or adult doesn't understand they probably need to be
taught another way so that they can get a better grasp on the information.

Dyslexia Causes
The exact causes of dyslexia are still not completely clear, but anatomical and brain imagery studies
show differences in the way the brain of a person with dyslexia develops and functions. Moreover,
most people with dyslexia have been found to have problems with identifying the separate speech
sounds within a word and/or learning how letters represent those sounds, a key factor in their
reading difficulties. Dyslexia is not due to either lack of intelligence or desire to learn; with
appropriate teaching methods, students with dyslexia can learn successfully.
Kids with dyslexia experience issues in figuring out how to peruse notwithstanding conventional
guideline, at any rate normal knowledge, and sufficient inspiration and chance to learn. It is believed
to be caused by impedance in the cerebrum's capacity to process phonemes (the littlest units of
discourse that make words not the same as each other). It doesn't come about because of vision or
hearing issues. It isn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People with dyslexia can be very bright. They are often capable or even gifted in areas such as art,
computer science, design, drama, electronics, math, mechanics, music, physics, sales, and sports. In
addition, dyslexia runs in families; having a parent or sibling with dyslexia increases the probability
that you will also have dyslexia. For some people, their dyslexia is identified early in their lives, but
for others, their dyslexia goes unidentified until they get older.
The reasons for dyslexia change with the sort. In essential dyslexia, much research concentrates on
the inherited elements. Specialists have as of late recognized particular qualities distinguished as
potentially adding to the signs and side effects of dyslexia. This exploration is vital in light of the
fact that this may allow the ID of those kids in danger for creating dyslexia and take into
consideration prior instructive intercessions and better

Dyslexia Research Paper
Issues of Dyslexia
Dyslexia makes its hard for people to learn because it's hard to Overcome and you could have lots of
Education difficulties.
II. Dyslexia A.Education difficulties B.Dyslexia in teens
III. Dyslexia can affect your education because it could affect your tendency to misread,difficulties
in learning or retaining sequences,and you could end up having short term memory.
IV. Dyslexia could affect you from learning a different language,reading, spelling, writing and even
speaking,teenagers who are withdrawn from school as a result of feeling unsupported and unable to
cope with the language–based environment may need time to relax at first, in order to find
emotional equilibrium.
Self–esteem is a vital characteristic that teenagers really need when they have dyslexia, but often
lack and home is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teens with dyslexia feel bad if they don't perform as well as others think they should.
People with dyslexia have normal intelligence & usually have normal vision but mostly teens with
dyslexia can succeed in school with tutoring or a specialized education program.
Teens with dyslexia who see their peers reading easly and making progress may make them feel
"stupid" because it's difficult to keep up.
Students with dyslexia could have trouble with the listed items below: low reading speed slow
writing speed slow processing speed and might take a while to answer questions in class, or to digest
information.
Dyslexia can affect different learners in different ways, according to the National Center for
Learning Disabilities.
The effects of dyslexia may depend on how severe the disability is, and what kind of help the
students get. Students may have one symptom, or different combinations of reading challenges. For
example, one student may find reading a challenge while another may find writing more

Dyslexia and life
For a long time, dyslexia has been causing many humans, especially children, to have learning
difficulties. The World Federation of Neurologists define dyslexia as, "a disorder in children who,
despite conventional classroom experience, fail to attain the language skills of reading, writing, and
spelling commensurate with their intellectual abilities" ("Dyslexia," 2013). Sometimes the letter m
might look like w, and the number 3 might look like 8; dyslexia basically makes it harder for people
to improve their language abilities. This is the behavior I wish to change because of the many
negative impacts it has on people's literacy skills and lives. Many dyslexic children have
considerable disadvantages while reading out loud or taking ... Show more content on
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Students studying at Yale University have discovered that defects in a gene, DCDC2, are related to
problems in reading skills. The DCDC2 gene (when it is not supposed to) goes into contact with
KIAA0319, which is known as a dyslexic gene ("What is Dyslexia?" 2013). None of these
hypotheses have been proven yet. Anyway, dyslexics can have difficulties understanding every time
they begin to read. The number of times dyslexia occurs or the time of the day it occurs cannot be
told; whenever those people are reading, the language complications can be seen. Two main theories
have been present regarding the reasons for why this behavior occurs, which are the cerebellar
theory and the magnocellular theory. We have proof that dyslexic people cannot process visual
concepts (which makes it harder for them to read or write). The magnocellular theory states that this
occurs because there is something wrong with the magnocellular pathways. Magnocellular pathways
are part of the central nervous system, and allow humans to process visual details from their
surroundings. Scientists believe that with these pathways not working, humans obtain dyslexia and
are not able to remember the presented information. On the other hand, the cerebellar theory says
that people who have problems in the cerebellum might become dyslexic. The cerebellum is
basically responsible for human motor control and language. Dysfunctions in the cerebellum can
cause

Essay on Dyslexia
Growing, developing and learning are the facts of life for all children. Each day children are faced
with many new concepts and various challenges. Can you imagine how it feels for a child to face
not only new challenges life has, but to face these challenges while living with a learning disability?
These challenges are met not just when they begin school either. Students suffer from learning
disabilities from the moment they begin learning, not when they start school. Learning disabilities
are real and they affect millions of people. "One such disability that affects over approximately 15
percent of the total American population is dyslexia" ( Nosek 5). We will discuss the following
issues and areas surrounding dyslexia:  ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To better understand some of the problems that dyslexic people face in learning to read and write,
one needs to look at the four basic steps in the learning process. The four steps include: input,
integration, memory, and output. Input– This involves what information goes into a person from the
five senses. These sensory organs send the information to the brain. Integration– The brain sorts
through all the information, puts it in the right order, organizes it, and gets meaning from the
message. Memory– The brain stores the information so it can be used when needed. Memory plays a
very important part in what students have to learn in school. The memory and cognition for the
dyslexic person can be outstanding. They have excellent long–term memory for things such as
movies, experiences, locations and faces. Output– This is where we use the information to answer
questions. This output can be either verbal or motor. "In any of these four steps, the dyslexic person
can experience a great deal of difficulty. Even when the sensory organ receives the message
correctly, the message can get garbled in the input and integration stages of learning. Not all
dyslexics have problems in the same areas. Trying to identify the exact source of the problem can be
difficult sometimes" (Savage 54). As mentioned earlier, the three areas of learning in which
dyslexic's struggle with are reading, spelling/writing and math. When a dyslexic

dyslexia Essay
The following paper discusses learning disorders, specifically, dyslexia, that are present within
school age children between the ages of seven and twelve. During this age, most average children
have the ability to read, write, spell, think, listen and do mathematical problems with minimal
difficulties (Silver, 1993, p.109). On the other hand, children with learning disorders, specifically
dyslexia, struggle to grasp these concepts because they have visual perception problems.
When a child lacks visual perception skills, the child is really lacking the ability to organize or
position the way something is seen. Furthermore, the child may confuse shapes, order of letters, and
may not be able to focus on a specific object for a long period ... Show more content on
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Dr. Rosen believed this difference in size of nerve cells could possibly be enough to "throw
off the timing of the brain and disrupt its crucial word processing skills," (Alexander &
Gorman, 1994, p.61). Following this, Dr. Albert Balaburda, a neurologist from Harvard, showed that
the brain of dyslexic people are "bombarded with tiny lesions and out–of–place cells which
explains that the core of the problem may live in the machinery that controls prenatal
development," (Nash, 1996, p.62). In conclusion, even though all of these findings pose
somewhat different views, they all have a biological and genetic cause for dyslexia in common.
Dr. E. Boder (1973) a neurologist and researcher of dyslexia broke down the disorder into three
different subtypes, in order to establish a technique to teach children with different degrees of
dyslexia (Masutto & Bravar, 1994, p.520). The first subtype is known as dysphonetic dyslexia.
When these children read, they tend to insert or delete letters and syllables. Following this is
dysedetic dyslexia, where children can not recognize words as a whole and seem to read very
slowly. Lastly, there is mixed dyslexia and children with this subtype experience both dysphonetic
and dysedetic dyslexia; furthermore, mixed dyslexia causes these children more academic

The Effects Of Dyslexia On Children With Dyslexia Essay
Many learning disabilities world–wide are over–looked if a child doesn't learn at the rate of the other
children, but a teacher might assume that the student is mentally challenged. That might not be the
case. Students world–wide struggle with the learning disability known as dyslexia. Dyslexia is
known for the way it twists words and numbers in ones' head. It's almost as if the persons' mind is
playing a trick on itself. The person might read the text backward or even say his or her thoughts
backwards. Just because one has dyslexia does not mean that he or she cannot major in any specific
major. Someone with dyslexia may choose which ever major he or she may like, although it will be
harder for the person and so they will have to put more time in and work harder than everyone else.
This is true in nursing students with dyslexia; they have to put more hard work in than anyone else
and yet they still might not be where they want to be.
In the article "Experience of Nursing Students with Dyslexia on Clinical Placement" by Christopher
McPheat, the author informs people that students with dyslexia need more help in the clinical
setting. He writes with a serious tone to let the audience know that this is not a light situation and to
take it very seriously. Although there is no greater risk of harm with nurses in dyslexia, they still
need more help. McPheat gives suggestions of how they could get help. The author who is a staff
nurse has credibility writing this article because

Essay on Dyslexia
Some of us in the world may have problems with reading, spelling, and other academics. You might
not know why they cannot read or spell as well as you can because they have a disorder. This
disorder is called dyslexia. People with dyslexia struggle with: listening, reading, writing, spelling,
and even handwriting. However, having dyslexia doesn't mean that they are not intelligent. Some of
the greatest minds in the world have or had dyslexia. One of the most fascinating reasons for
dyslexia is the dominate ear. Even though they may be different doesn't mean that they are stupid.
(Hotz, Sollier) Dyslexia is a learning disorder that is linked with problems of reading, writing, and
spelling. (Britannica Company) One in five ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children that read well can process word in four hundred milliseconds, but children with dyslexia
take five hundred milliseconds or more. This makes them not read as well as others and as fast as
other can. (Hotz) People with dyslexia are slow, but that doesn't mean that they are not intelligent. I
think that people with this disorder have the most creative and outgoing minds in the world. People
with dyslexia may have intelligent levels over one hundred. Brilliant mind come with brilliant ideas.
Athletes, writers, actors, and even characters have or had dyslexia. Here are some of the brilliant
minds you may know: Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, Mozart, John Lennon,
Tom Cruise, Magic Johnson, and Walt Disney. All of these dyslexics have come to be some of the
greatest minds and just look were that put them. Don't put people with dyslexia down encourage
then to go on because some day they could do great things for are world. (Sollier) This disorder is
linked to genetics of the humans' sixth chromosome. This genetic link runs in families. It may come
for both or one side of the family. Test for dyslexia could lead to the gene. Scientist were working to
find a test that could lead to a drug to get rid of the problem, but they found that only phonetics can
help the student. (Talan) Dyslexics have problems with sounds out letters which makes it harder to
read and

Dyslexia Strategies
Students with dyslexia often struggle with expressive and recessive language disorders. According
to Wilkins & Garside "they have difficulty with reading, spelling, understanding language they hear,
or expressing themselves clearly in speaking or in writing." There are many strategies teachers can
use to assist students with dyslexia and help them become successful in the classroom lessons. One
strategy that can be used to help students with dyslexia is allowing students to use graphic
organizers while reading or doing an activity. This allows them to organize their thoughts. For
students who struggle with remembering details or retelling a story they just read, the use of a flow
chart with pictures to help retell stories or put the events ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Socially, this could lead to less peer acceptance. Students who struggle with fitting in often find
themselves alienated from their peers. This often leads to a decrease in the students' self–esteem.
According to Ryan (2000), "they may have difficulty reading social cues. If they do have difficulty
"reading" other people, they may not know, for example, how much distance to keep between
themselves and others, how to wait their turn, or how to interpret the body language of others. (p.5)"
This could lead to problems when the students try to interact with their peers at school. There are
many strategies teachers can implement to make sure all students feel included in the classroom.
The teachers can have those students become teacher helpers to make sure they feel important to the
rest of the group. Passing out papers and supplies can be a very important job in the eyes of the
students. This leads them to feel more comfortable and needed in the classroom setting. According
to Ryan (2000), while they might feel excluded from their peers, they also struggle with finding the
right words to say and may pause before answering direct questions (p.5). Adequate verbal
communication is a key part of building relationships among their peers. The lack of this puts
students at a great disadvantage, as they grow older. How can a teacher help students overcome this
difficulty? To avoid having students be

Describe Dyslexia
DYSLEXIA
Describe the disability
Dyslexia is a lifelong condition that implicates a person's reading ability, caused by a defect in the
brain where it has difficulty in processing graphic symbols. Also referred to as a "reading disorder"
or a "reading disability", Dyslexia can also affect a person's writing, spelling and even speaking
ability.
Identify the signs, symptoms or characteristics involved in identifying this disability
Difficulty in learning how to read
A child may reach their milestones such as crawling, walking, talking, throwing or catching things
and riding a bicycle at a later pace than other children
Commonly mispronounced words, finds rhyming extremely challenging
Is unable to distinguish different word sounds
The child ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Medical professionals are working towards a breakthrough method of early diagnosis for children
with dyslexia through the use of MRI's. Research has shown that professionals are able to detected a
link between the size of a specific area of the brain that processes poor language and reading skills,
targeted for children in kindergarten.
Identify and explain the areas of development affected by this disability? provide specific examples
of how the areas of development may be affected.
Social Interaction: In many ways, dyslexia can have a negative impact your child's social life.
Children may feel at as if they are a lower social status around other peers. A child may find it
difficult to find new friends and are prone to avoid activities that require teamwork.
Listening and comprehension: filtering out distracting background noises can be difficult for
children with Dyslexia, meaning that a child may have difficulty in following instructions with
distractions. For example, in a noisy classroom, a child will have difficulty in interpreting a teacher's

Persuasive Essay On Dyslexia
of Utah there are " 70–80% of people with poor reading skills, and are likely dyslexic. One in five
students, or 15–20% of the population, has a language based learning disability. Dyslexia is the most
common of the language based learning disabilities. Nearly the same percentage of males and
females have dyslexia." Dyslexia is a disorder that most do not know they have. They think that they
can't read or writing properly, because they are not being focused or have been taught wrong. When
in reality they can not comprehend due to the fact that they have a serious disorder such as dyslexia.
The part that most don't understand is that, everyone 1 out of 10 people most likely know that they
have dyslexia. What most fail to understand is that dyslexia is a disorder that with time, patience,
and practice one can overcome. Going into the topics of dyslexia, my problems that I faced with
dyslexia, and how I overcame dyslexia all together has molded me into the person I am today. To
start things off dyslexia is a general term for disorders that involve difficulty in learning to read or
interpret words, letters, and other symbols, but that does not affect general intelligence. Most people
may feel as if dyslexia is not a big deal or something that one should be worried about. When in
most cases dyslexia can build or break a person physically, emotionally, and mentally. Which is why
no matter what the disorder is it should be took seriously. Three reasons why are as follows: any

Dyslexia Case
This paper will attempt to break down and analyze three people who are said to have had some type
of a mental issue. This paper will address the three people independently however every individual
will be analyzed by the DSM–5 criteria for which ever disorder the individual is diagnosed to have.
This paper will explain why the individual has the disorder and why alternate disorders will also fit
the individual. This paper will state some short–term and long–term treatments that could beneficial
to the client, based off their personal needs and disorders.
The first scenario manages a seven–year–old kid who has finished an IQ test which assess her as
having an IQ score of 67. This child is experiencing some difficulties in her academics especially in
reading and arithmetic. She is portrayed as be deficient in her social advancement and difficulties
completing daily tasks that other youngsters her age do, such as, dressing herself and doing
individual grooming customs, for instance, brushing her teeth and washing up.
This seven–year–old child's mental disorder is Dyslexia. Dyslexia is characterized by challenges
with precise and additionally familiar word acknowledgment and by poor spelling and interpreting
capacities. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, often times have an issue with remaining on
point or alarm in classes. Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a neurological deformity that
influences how the mind forms spoken dialect. This makes it troublesome for the child to prepare
verbal directions or even to receive them through foundation commotion in the classroom. The
youngster was said to be immature in her social advancement and requirements needed with day by
day living

Dyslexia Studies
This paper synthesizes two journal articles about current research in assessment. Classroom
Implications of Recent into Literacy Development: From Predictors to Assessment and Toward a
Research–Based Assessment of Dyslexia: Using Cognitive Measures to Identify Reading
Disabilities are the scholarly resources compared and evaluated.
Differences Between Studies Each study utilized different methods to collect assessment
information. Toward a Research–Based Assessment of Dyslexia: Using Cognitive Measures to
Identify Reading Disabilities used one hundred five participants from a random sample completed
measures of reading achievement and cognitive abilities, based on a synthesis of current dyslexia
research (Bell, S. M., McCallum, S. R., ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bell, McCallum, S. R., & Cox, E. A. 2003 encourage future researchers to continue to explore the
role of visual processing in orthography and reading disabilities and to link findings on the cognitive
underpinnings of learning to results from the emerging body of brain research. They also insist that
the Test of Dyslexia (TOD) be refined to include a Word Memory subtest and modify or completely
do away with the Visual Closure subtest as it is outdated and has many regressions. Shapiro, L. R.,
Hurry, J., Masterson, J., Wydell, T. N., & Doctor, E, 2009, a study found that additional research is
necessary to ascertain whether training in phonological awareness skills with older children or
students at secondary schools would be as beneficial as with younger students. They believe that a
greater consistency in literacy assessments across research studies will further understand of reading
difficulties. Through the extensive literature review, researchers in both studies have concluded that
no one–assessment tool is reliable enough to measure reading complications. These studies have
found that multiple assessment tools must be used to evaluate students' reading

What Is Dyslexia?
There are a significant amount of people in the world today who have dyslexia, and most of those
people don't even realize they have it. Dyslexia is usually affiliated with having little intelligence or
being considered slow, but neither of those assumptions are true. The word dyslexia comes from the
Greek language. 'Dys' meaning impaired, and 'lexis' meaning word. When people hear the term, they
will probably think of someone mixing up the letters 'm' and 'w' or the letters 'f' and 't', but there is a
lot more to the disability. Learning disabilities are extremely common, especially in children, but
dyslexia is one that people hear about quite often. Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that
involves having trouble clarifying letters, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their minds are wonderlands and since they struggle showing it with words, they show it with
pictures and drawings. Pablo Picasso suffered from dyslexia all of his life. Due to his dyslexia, he
turned to art and ended up creating some of the most beautiful artwork anyone has ever seen.
"Picasso painted his subjects as he saw them sometimes out of order, backwards or upside down.
His paintings demonstrated the power of imagination, raw emotion, and creativity on the human
psyche." (Artlyst). Since Picasso saw certain words and letters upside down, he expressed that
through his art.
Another celebrity with dyslexia is Steven Spielberg. Spielberg is a director and a great one at that.
He's directed a laundry list of movies, some including Jaws, E.T., and Saving Private Ryan.
Spielberg grew up accepting his dyslexia, even though at the time he didn't know he had it. Kids in
his school would make fun of him and laugh at him for his inability to properly read, despite it being
something he couldn't help. Spielberg turned towards movies as a distraction from his disorder. He
only discovered he had dyslexia a few years ago, but it was something he always suspected.
("Spielberg on

College Essay On Dyslexia
According to Hull Learning Services (2013), dyslexia continues to be a subject of great debate. The
word dyslexia is originated from the Greek dys– meaning 'difficult' and –lexia meaning to do with
language. There are multiple definitions of dyslexia, because the matter in which in manifest in
children and adults vary greatly. Definitions of dyslexia often focus on difficulties with the
processes of writing, reading, spelling and general organization of everyday tasks. Dyslexia has
been defined as the inability to acquire literacy despite normal intelligence. Other definitions have
described dyslexia in terms of a list of symptoms. The symptoms often included are laterality
problems; reversals in numbers, letters and/or words; reading ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Assessing dyslexia can be difficult because dyslexia is a matter of degree and has similar
characteristics to different syndromes. Teachers or often the first to notice signs of dyslexia in a
child. When teachers notice abnormal literacy difficulties they can use an initial screening device
like a checklist to look further into the possibility of this child having dyslexia. These screening
devices are informal, but have shown to be useful in the preliminary stage. A professional trained in
the assessment of dyslexia is required for a formal assessment and diagnosis. There are multiple
standardized tests that are available to specialist teachers. These tests work in a combined effort to
identify dyslexia through an assessment of both motor and linguistic skills. An example of a
standardized test is the Dyslexia Portfolio (Turner, 2008). Individuals who take this test have
previously been screened and exhibit signs of dyslexia. This assessment procedure encompasses
eight short tests and assesses reading, spelling, phonology and digit span. In the recent years,
computer–based assessments/self–administered test have become increasingly popular. (Lawrence,
2009, p.79)
Nationally, there has been a large movement for providing help in the school setting for children
special needs, which now includes

Dyslexia Essay
The Roles of Genetics and Nurture on People with Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a lifelong struggle with constant challenges with reading and speaking. About five to ten
percent of the United States population deals with the learning disorder dyslexia (Van den Honert,
n.d.). It is a neurological condition that is mainly caused by genetics but there are some rare cases in
which it is acquired. Dyslexia interrupts the normal processes of reading and speaking (Van den
Honert, n.d.). All of which are used in daily life and this makes life and school so much harder for
dyslexics. They must learn to live with the condition for their entire life and there is not really a
treatment for it. With the constant struggle and reminder of their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They also cannot seem to speak effortlessly. It takes them so long to get thoughts out that when
telling a story they sometimes forget where they were going with it. They know what they want to
say and they know the words they want to use but it takes them so much effort to string them
together. (Boston children's hospital, 2005). This causes a dyslexic so much frustration and also
embarrassment (Boston children's hospital, 2005). There are different tests that can be done to test
for dyslexia. One test that is done is giving a person many words that sounds like real words but are
spelled incorrectly. It is hard for dyslexics to pick these words out (Van den Honert, n.d.). Also,
tactile localization is another test used and it tests the corpus callosum. The patient is instructed to
close their eyes while someone touches their finger and the patient must identify where they were
touched and if they make more than two errors this is a sign of dyslexia (Van den Honert, n.d.).
When a person is diagnosed with dyslexia they must be aware of the challenges they are going to
face. They must be educated about their condition and how it will never go away they just have to
try their hardest to overcome it. As a child it creates frustration and embarrassment while in class, or
even talking with friends. Unfortunately there is no treatment but, there are strategies and actions
taken to help people deal with their dyslexia. Treatment for dyslexia is not done with use of

Dyslexia Definition
Definitions, Characteristics, & Accommodations
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that certain individuals can have. Dyslexia is a disorder that
involves difficulty in learning to read, interpret words, letters, and symbols. Dyslexia makes it hard
for individuals to read and spell. Those diagnosed with dyslexia, struggle with the ability to
understand what they are reading or spelling. Dyslexia makes it difficult for individuals to be able to
read fast and accurately, which puts them behind in their learning. Even though dyslexia puts kids
behind in their learning, dyslexia does not affect general intelligence in any way. Dyslexia does run
in families, but there is no known cause. Some common characteristics of dyslexia is that the
individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dyscalculia is brain disorder that makes it difficult in making arithmetical calculations. In other
words, dyscalculia is a learning disorder that makes it difficult for an individual in the area of math.
Dyscalculia makes it difficult for a person to easily count numbers and objects. Individuals with
dyscalculia have difficult making estimates, have difficulty with measurements and distances,
cannot count or make money very well, and struggle with understanding patterns and rules of
numbers. Some other common characteristics of dyscalculia is that individuals have difficulty
clarify mathematical signs, reading a clock and telling time, difficulty learning multiplication tables,
using calculators, keeping records, difficulty learning facts and formulas, and struggle to play games
involving numbers. Dyscalculia is not curable, but there are accommodations that teachers use for
better learning in the classroom. For example, teachers can review what the students has already
learned, use graph paper to line up numbers and problems, give the student a handout of formulas
being used, use objects to help demonstrate, highlight and circle key words and numbers, and most
importantly give the student extra time when

Research Paper On Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that is difficult for some kids, teens, or adults to read. They have
some problems identified speech sound or learning how they relate to letters or words. Some people
have problems with knowing what they say. Sometimes they will get mixed up with their numbers
and letters. Children might see b as d, m as w, and just writing the letters backwards. As a child I
had the same problems. Still to this day I am having problems writing and reading. Most people
keep it a secret about them having dyslexia. Some children get bullied because of their learning
disability the National Institute of Health says that it is 15% in United States have learning
disabilities. It may seem like a lot but it is. Three times as many boys as girls have dyslexia. If some
people knows someone with this type of condition it may be there all their life. It is best for them to
have the emotional support from their love ones.
There is a certain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By having dyslexia it is hard to tell someone you are having a difficult time reading, writing or
seeing things. Some children say that the teacher do not listen or care. But there are some teachers
that is willing to help and take their time with them. Bullying can play a big part in a child's life if
they have a learning disability. That is why they are scared to tell. The thing to do is to be yourself
and let no one tell you different . Because you made be the main be the main be the main one be the
main one who may be the wealthy and educated one in your class 10 years from now. Do not care
what the bully say. If someone has dyslexia really bad they should see a doctor. They would give
you some type of medication to calm you down. because some may have ADHD along with
dyslexia. That can make them distracted at anytime. So people with dyslexia just need a little time
and encouragement to get things done when it is

Essay on Dyslexia
Dyslexia Growing, developing and learning are the facts of life for all children. Each day children
are faced with many new concepts and various challenges. Can you imagine how it feels for a child
to face not only new challenges life has, but to face these challenges while living with a learning
disability? These challenges are met not just when they begin school either. Students suffer from
learning disabilities from the moment they begin learning, not when they start school. Learning
disabilities are real and they affect millions of people. "One such disability that affects over
approximately 15 percent of the total American population is dyslexia" ( Nosek 5). We will discuss
the following issues and areas surrounding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Dysphonetic means having difficulty connecting sounds to symbols; it also means they might have
a hard time sounding out words. Dyseidetic means to have a good grasp of phonetic concepts, but
great difficulty with whole word recognition and spelling still exists" (Wilkins URL). Typical
mistakes would be reversals such as the word 'at' spelled 'ta' and mistakes in phonetic spelling of a
word like 'phone' spelled 'fon'. The characteristics of a dyslexic person can be very different from
one person to the other, just as the characteristics of students without disabilities are different. These
students show a different combination of learning problems. "Such characteristics are learning style,
motor dexterity, time/math, memory/cognition, language/reading skills, behavior and vision.
Sometimes the dyslexic youngster has early or late developmental stages, such as crawling, walking
or talking" (Grolier's). Once these children begin school they might appear bright and highly
intelligent, but unable to keep up with their peers in reading and writing. They test well orally, but
when given a written test on the same subject they can fail miserably. Others might seem dumb or
lazy, when in fact their efforts just go unnoticed. These students can feel dumb, which results in a
low self–esteem; they try to hide these features with compensations. Some compensations might be
that they excel in other areas

Dyslexia Research
In the school education, the aim of education is balancing all children's development in order to
achieve success in life. But in recent years, more and more children experience difficulty acquiring
academic skills. There is a set of data which indicate that almost 50 per cent of people under the age
of 24 in Canada easily have a group of disorders that affect academic and functional skills including
the ability to speak, listen, read, write, spell, organize information, and do math (Statistics Canada,
2012). These people are referred to as having learning disabilities. According to Turkington (2003),
Rief and Stern(2010) defined, a learning disability is a neurobiological disorder which affects a
person's brain works to receive, process, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The latest research from The British Dyslexia Association indicates that the one in every five
children has dyslexia and the million of others struggle to read at their own grade levels (Medical
News Today, 2015). So, teachers and parents should have a formal assessment and diagnosis to
estimate each child or adult. Turkington (2003) came up with some standards of children's reading
skills in the different grade levels. It means that when children study in different grade, they should
master different reading skills, but if they cannot reach these standards, teachers can predict students
may have difficulty learning to read. However, Dr. Shaywitz (2003) provided three distinct portraits
of dyslexia to diagnose whether a child or adult has dyslexia. For example, the first clue to dyslexia
in early childhood may be a delay in speaking. Children in the school–age should have tests of
reading accurate, comprehension, fluency and spelling which can determine whether each child has
dyslexia. For young adults, even if they have never received a diagnosis, they may read slowly or
inaccurately (Shaywitz, 2003). That is, the diagnosis of dyslexia at any age is identifying a person's
weakness and strength among reading, spelling, and writing. The advantage of diagnosing dyslexia
is that teachers and parents can spot dyslexia in children before they want to read and in adults after
they have reading skills but are continuing to show the earlier problems, like reading slowly or
inaccurately. Therefore, diagnosing dyslexia sooner can make dyslexic people get help quickly and
avoid influencing the improvement of other

Dyslexia Research Papers
Dyslexia is a very common learning disability that affects many children and adults in their life
time. Dyslexia is mostly common in young children when they first start school and if they are
having trouble reading. Having dyslexia can be very hard because they struggle with reading and
writing in school or at home. Dyslexia is a problem that affects the brain, but it does not mean that
people with dyslexia are not smart ("Dyslexia" 1). Dyslexia is a lifelong problem that cannot be
outgrown but it can get better by the right teaching (Marshall 1). Dyslexia is a very common
disability in children and adults that prevails throughout their life. Dyslexia is a learning disability
that is very common in the world but some people don't know ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many people think that dyslexia is causes by the school or by bad teaching (Marshall 1). Dyslexia is
actually caused by certain genes that can be inherited and these genes control how the brain
develops and processes words and sounds ("Disease and Conditions of Dyslexia" 1). Dyslexia is
caused to be a visual disorder and it can also be caused by how people are able to hear sounds by
how it goes through their brain (Jost 1079). There are many different things that can cause dyslexia.
The most common way that dyslexia is cause is passed from parent to child (Lapkin 1). According
to the Mayo Foundation of Medical Education and Research "There's no cure for dyslexia. It's a
lifelong condition caused by inherited traits that affect how your brain works" ("Disease and
Conditions of Dyslexia" 1). Since dyslexia is a very common, if a parent has dyslexia in a person's
family then it is most likely that their child could have dyslexia too because dyslexia is passes in
genes (Shaywitz). If one of those causes is a problem the first thing to do would to talk with the kids
teachers so they can help with learning and understanding what they are reading ("Dyslexia
Symptoms" 1). If children are still having trouble after getting a teachers help people

Theories Of Dyslexia
Drawing on your experience and understanding of the theories of causality of Dyslexia, what types
of behaviour would lead you to consider that a learner might be Dyslexic?
Student number: 11643
Word Count: 2048
Dyslexia according to the Oxford Dictionary is a "general term for disorders involving difficulty to
read or interpret words, letters or other symbols, but does not affect general intelligence."
This essay will look at the theories of causality of Dyslexia and what types of behaviour would lead
one to consider that a learner might be Dyslexic.
In my many years of teaching I have come across children with different learning abilities. Some
children have had a weakness in Literacy that required a more individualised approach. Even though
none of them have been diagnosed with Dyslexia, they have helped me gain an understanding of the
challenges they have faced. In working closely with these learners and their therapists I have
observed some of the behaviours explored below. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can also have an impact on cognitive processing such as memory, speed of processing, time
management, co–ordination and automaticity. There may be visual and/or phonological difficulties
and there are usually some discrepancies in education performances".(Reid, G)
There are three types of definitions of Dyslexia. One being a Descriptive definition, a Discrepancy
based definition and the third a Criteria based definition. Throughout all the definitions studied, it is
evident that Dyslexia exists on a continuum. The signs of Dyslexia are present regardless of the age
of the individual. It is a developmental disorder affecting one or more areas of Literacy along with
other subordinate

Essay on Dyslexia
Dyslexia
Imagine your childhood. Now imagine sitting in school and dreading that one moment when your
elementary school teacher is going to call on you to read aloud to the class. Imagine that you dread
this moment so dearly because you constantly trip over simple words and are made to feel stupid
because of it. Or worse, imagine knowing that you do try your hardest but still have report cards that
say that you are not living up to your full potential and need to start making an effort in school.
These are just some of the thoughts and emotions that a child with dyslexia faces everyday.
Dyslexia is a language based learning disorder that is grounded in the neurobiology of the brain. The
disorder interferes with the processing and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there is no correlation between intelligence and dyslexia. In fact, very intelligent people
are dyslexic. For example, Einstein, arguably the one of the most intelligent people ever, was known
to be dyslexic. People with dyslexia can go on to higher education and become professionals. Often,
these people succeed in areas that do not require a significant number of language based tasks on a
daily basis (4).
Sometimes, children can learn to work around their disability without special help. In fact, some of
these people do not learn of their diagnosis until adolescence or adulthood when they suddenly start
having problems keeping up with school or work. It is a disorder that can go undetected until
adulthood when the person's child is diagnosed. However, it is not something that can "go–away"
when discovered and treated. It cannot be cured but those with the disorder can learn to overcome it
with special training and educational provisions such as untimed testing or spoken exams.
As noted above, some people find out about their disability by learning about their child's learning
problems. Dyslexia is a genetic disorder. Recently scientists located a gene on the short arm of
chromosome #6 for dyslexia. Because the gene is dominant the disorder is highly heritable (1).
Furthermore, studies have found that in children who are newly diagnosed, nearly 80% have a
history of learning difficulties in their families. This

Developmental Dyslexia
Developmental Dyslexia is characterized by comparatively low reading abilities in regards to age,
education and intelligence. Reading is a multifaceted mechanism, including phonological awareness
in order to sound out different words, and also orthographic abilities to map the sounds to their
visual forms. Any type of impairment to one of these facets can have a huge impacts on the other
systems that are incorporated. Because of this, the many different theories in regards to dyslexia
don't often contradict each other, they just explain what happens in the different systems and facets
that are incorporated in the complex cognitive process of reading. One of these theories is on the
topic of the magnocellular system. This system is responsible

Dyslexia And Reading
As I read these quotes, I remembered previously hearing the quote by Angela Carter. The remainder
of the quote helps to explain it even more. Although, I have to admit I'm not a huge reader. Growing
up with a learning disability and dyslexia, that was not clinically diagnosed until much later; I was
always told by teachers, counselors, and specialists to just read more. As if reading more would be a
magical cure for all of my issues. Only my parents knew exactly what I was struggling with and
how difficult reading was for me. I think between my struggles and their blaming my "disabilities"
on my not reading enough, I was turned off from reading. I have and still read for assignments but
rarely any pleasure reading, simply because it

Dyslexia Research Paper
Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects individuals' language acquisition skills such as
learning to read and spell. Most researchers have agreed that its core cause is poor phonological
awareness, that is, the poor ability to manipulate sounds in speech. Learning to read requires the
child to establish a set of mappings between the letters (graphemes) of printed words and the speech
sounds (phonemes) of spoken words. Learning to read English poses particular challenges for
children with dyslexia due to its inconsistent letter–sound mappings. Traditional explicit and intense
phonics–based (letter–sound) multisensory instruction training has shown its efficacy in helping
children at–risk for or with dyslexia to learn to read. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TUIs are a computing paradigm where the real world is augmented by embedded physical objects
with digital information. As a computer supported approach, instructions with TUIs can reduce great
workload of tutors. TUIs also have additional benefits in helping children with dyslexia to learn to
read because (1) TUIs is inherently spatial which is suitable for literacy learning that is also spatial
in nature; (2) TUIs incorporate multiple modalities that can be simultaneously used to support
letter–sound learning; and (3) TUIs can leverage the use of multiple cues such as colour and tactile
cues to explicate letter–sound relations. While TUIs may have benefits in learning to read, there is
little research exploring how TUIs might be designed to support children with dyslexia to learn to
read. There are no studies that specifically investigate if using dynamic colour cues or tactile
qualities of tangible letters can improve reading outcomes for dyslexic children. In my research, I
present the design of a tangible reading system called PhonoBlocks that utilizes dynamic colour
cues and 3D tangible letters to support the learning of letter–sound correspondences for children
with

Essay On Dyslexia
There are numerous types of learning disabilities that so many people are challenged with on a daily
basis, especially children. These learning disabilities are neurologically–based processing
difficulties. According to the Learning Disabilities Association of America, these difficulties can
interfere with children learning basic skills such as mathematics, writing and/or reading. They not
only interfere with basic skills, but they interfere with skills on a higher level such as organization,
time planning, attention, abstract reasoning and long or short term memory. When people here this
information they fail to realize that learning disabilities can affect one's life well beyond academics.
It can impact ones relationship with their family, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I know that a learning disability does not necessarily set a child or person apart from others. I just
believe that it is very important to make sure your child receives the proper assistance they need to
continue to excel academically, in their relationships and in their futures. The reason being is so that
the child will be less likely to struggle and face similar issues as an adult who have never been
evaluated. This leads me to the parents who try to keep this issue a secret from their children.
Although a child may not know they have a learning disability, they are well aware of the fact that
they tend to struggle in areas that the other children are

Dyslexia Observation
The first step in accommodating students with dyslexia is identifying students who have difficulties
with the language processing of reading, writing, and spelling. Difficulties can be identified through
observation. Some of the characteristics to be gathered is whether the student has a hard time
sounding out words, reads slow with hesitation, and omits/adds/reverses letters in words. Also, it is
important to see if the student forgets spelling rules, makes phonological errors, and calls letters out
of sequence. The student may forget to use capital letters when appropriate, have an inconsistent
writing style, and be reluctant to writing (Reid, 2007). They will have no enjoyment of reading or
writing as a leisure activity. They will be very forgetful, will often lose things, and become easily
distracted. They will also complete tasks later than a given time limit. Research indicates that many
dyslexic students experience various levels of emotional problems in their school life. Reading ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the accommodations made involving materials are using a tape recorder for listening to
stories and lessons and using written directions. Either way, the student can go back to clarify
misunderstanding of directions. The teacher can also present a smaller amount of material and
additional practice activities. Some accommodations that can be made involving instructional
activities are using explicit teaching procedures and repeating directions. The teacher can provide a
copy of notes and use step by step instruction. It is harmful to the student when the teacher
bombards the student with many directions. It helps when the directions are broken down into
subsets and presented in portions one at a time. The teacher can present information verbally and
visually, and writing important information on the board (Mercer & Moats,

The Effects Of Dyslexia On Children With Dyslexia
There is no doubt that reading and writing are vital in today's society. Without basic comprehension
skills you simply cannot become educated let alone survive. It was a common belief that anyone
who wanted to read, or to learn to read, would be able to, right? With Dyslexia, that is not the case.
Dyslexia is described as the difficulty to comprehend language through reading and writing, despite
a normal level of intelligence. Dyslexia is not only the most common learning disability, but is also
highly recognized. There are three proposed distinctions within dyslexia that includes auditory,
visual, and attentional. Understanding dyslexia would help the educational community as long as the
medical community. Although the scientific community has extensive research on Dyslexia, there
are still neurological aspects to consider and to learn about. Dyslexia is a complex disability that has
interested physicians for centuries. Students with dyslexia should not be overlooked and deserve
equal opportunities in the classroom. Dyslexia was distinguished in the late 19th century by an
ophthalmologist. He coined the term because a child showed much impairment while trying to learn
to read, even with normal physical and intelligence. It was first known as "congenital word
blindness" by British physicians. They were confused when a child came to them and was a very
smart among his classmates, yet did not know how to read. It was further concluded by Castles and
Coltheart that there are

Dyslexia And Homelessness
Obtaining positive mental health is a significant attribute to living an optimistic and contented
lifestyle. However, individuals may experience feelings of 'being nobody', when challenged by the
hindrance and restrictions of learning disabilities, depression or anxiety, homelessness,
unemployment and poverty.
Research
Through this group investigation, group members Antonia, Kayla and I chose to research and
analyse into Dyslexia, and the innermost thoughts and experiences that arise from this learning
difficulty. Dyslexia is defined as a neurobiological disability that affects one's learning, more
specifically their ability to speak, read, write, spell, and solve mathematical equations.
Unfortunately, Dyslexia is deemed as considerably

Describe The Symptoms Of Dyslexia
3. List and describe the symptoms of dyslexia. When a child has problems on reading, we can
conclude that s/he may get dyslexia. Dyslexia is the most common learning disability. One of the
reasons that make dyslexia hard to be diagnosed is lack of the single test to accurately predict if a
child gets dyslexia or not, since every child has different developing pace. For instance, some
children have problems on speaking out words, but s/he can remember other more complicated
things. People used to think that visual difficulty is the reason of dyslexia. However, people now
that dyslexia was generated by both speech and hearing difficulties. Even though there was not
single test to diagnoses dyslexia, if a child still unable to speak at 3 years old, then parents should
aware of dyslexia. Dyslexia does not only happen among children, it bothers adults as well. For
preschoolers, when they appear language developmental delay, it means that they are facing
dyslexia. Language developmental delay includes whole bunch of small factors. First, when a child
cannot pronounce words clearly, then this is the sign of dyslexia. Second, when a child shows delay
compared to his or her peers on speaking, this indicates that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For adults, symptoms are more likely to be connected to writing. The first symptom is that no matter
how much an adult knows about a field or subject, it is just so hard for him or her to put his or her
thoughts in words. Furthermore, when an adult is trying to avoid reading and writing by all means,
then this is also a sign of dyslexia. I can match myself to some of the symptoms in the list,
especially the last one. When an adult have difficulties on meeting deadlines. I used to believe that I
get procrastination. But now this symptom also shows up in dyslexia. I think I got neither
procrastination nor dyslexia; I was just too lazy to do my words as early as I

Dyslexia Essay
INTRODUCTION
Both reading and writing challenges experienced by children with speech and language problems
has historically been neglected. At the same time as of late, various exploration have initiated in
highlighting the issues of learning how to read and write that may be experienced in children with
speech and language difficulties.
Various theories and studies have investigated the way in which children with speech and language
difficulties often have literacy problems such as learning disability. Different speculations and
studies have explored that the reverse is also possible "children with literacy problems often have
speech and language difficulties". These present as delay in speech and language development,
problems in word–finding, articulation, grammar, etc. (Snowling, 1987; Stackhouse, 1990).
The broad aim of this essay provides a portrayal of the acquisition of both reading and writing in a
typically developing children and the challenges faced by children with learning disabilities and
why these problems occur.
What is Dyslexia and Dysgraphia?
It is a known fact that learning disability looks very different from one child to another. One child
may encounter problems with reading while another with writing/spelling.
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is distinguished by
difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.
These difficulties typically result from a

Dyslexia
Project 5: Internet Research Project on Students with Special Needs (Chapter 5–Students with
Special Education Needs)
Specific Learning Disability: Dyslexia A specific learning disability, or SLD is known to be a high
incidence disability. A high incidence disability is common known as a disability, which is more
common to occur and appear in the public eye. SLD is a major category, which has many sub–
categories, such as language processing disorder, visual processing deficit, and etc. One of the
specific learning disabilities is Dyslexia. This SLD is when one visual perspectives of words, and
symbols are commonly mixed up. According to author of Educational Psychology Developing
Learners eighth edition, Jeanne Ellis Ormrod states, "dyslexia– ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Clarke did a few activities the one that strike me was reading an unscrambled word passage. Each
student alternated and read each word in order of the seating arrangement. Luckily, I was the one of
the first student to read, so I knew who was before and after me. This activity was related, but
memorable at the same time. As a student with a learning disability, I struggled to process
information, but I don't struggle reading. The point of this activity was to show that a student with
dyslexia struggle to read, and to show that if the student has to read out loud, he or she, is only going
to remember what he or she is in charge to read. This causes an issue, because not only does the
student struggle to unscramble words, but the student may not be able to summarize the passage.
Once the class was done reading the passage, nobody could make up what the passage was about, let
alone the main idea. The next day, each one student was folded while tasting/eating

Dyslexia Essay
Running head: Phonological Theory of Dyslexia
Phonological Theory of Dyslexia
Name
Course
Tutor
Date
Introduction Learning difficulties have been a common occurrence and there are many theories
established to explain this disorder. Dyslexia, the common term for learning problems, affects a
large part of the population and several studies have been carried out to determine the main cause of
the disorder. Psychologists have been engaged in debate as to what theory best describes the
occurrence of dyslexia with support for either of the three dominant theories of developmental
dyslexia namely; the phonological deficit theory, cerebellar theory or the magnocellular theory. The
phonological deficit theory has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reading is associated with new vibrancy in the left–hemisphere of the brain (Turkeltaub, Gareau,
Flowers, Zeffiro, & Eden, 2003). When this part of the brain records a rise in activity and the right
inferotemporal records a reduction in doings, then a person increases his phonological skills
(Turkeltaub, et al., 2003; Raschlea, Zuk, & Gaab, 2012). This enhances the learning capability of a
person and this can be taken to mean that with a reduction in the development of the phonological
skills, then a person is likely to develop learning difficulties (Ivry & Justus, 2001). As such, the
authors are in support of the phonological theory with regard to dyslexia. In addition, the study has
shown that reduced ability to differentiate between phonetics can lead to learning difficulties. As has
already been noted, the brain is an important part and it has been implicated in learning difficulties
in almost all theories (Carreiras, et al., 2009). A test done on 77 subjects revealed that the left
superior gyrus was implicated in reading and learning capabilities (Pernet, Andersson, Paulesu, &
Demonet, 2009). This result plays a great role in supporting the phonological theory despite the fact
that it supports other theories. A critical review of the study shows that difficulties in phonological
capabilities are the main cause of dyslexia since even the cerebellum only affects the ability of the
learner to develop this skill (Zeffiro & Eden,

Dyslexia According to the Dyslexia Research Institute, dyslexia is a disability that affect
approximately ten to fifteen percent of the United States population (2004). Because dyslexia is
often dismissed as lethargy, the disorder, its effects, signs and symptoms, and diagnosis process
must be understood for the sake of those who suffer from the difficult disorder. Dyslexia is the
primary reading disorder that results from written word processing abnormality in the brain. The
word "dyslexia" comes from the Greek root "dys"– meaning not or difficult– and "lexia"– meaning
reading. This inherited irregularity affects those parts of the brain concerned with language
comprehension, hindering one's ability to convert written letters and words ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The aforementioned symptoms can be difficult to recognize before a child enters school, but mostly
become apparent when children begin to learn how to read. In most cases, teachers are the first to
notice a reading problem in students. "Red flags" include the child's difficulty playing rhyming
games, singing nursery rhymes, and pronouncing new words. If concern is expressed by the teacher
or noticed by the parent, the parent should contact a child physician and explain the issues. From
there, a pediatrician will usually asses the child's strengths and weakness with the help from both
parents and teachers and then refer the child to a specialist. This specialist (typically a psychologist
specializing in learning disabilities) can perform evaluations to detect specific areas in which the
child is struggling. These tests vary, but some common and credible evaluations are the Dyslexia
Screening Test and the Aston Index ( a comprehensive 16– part test covering visual discrimination,
motor coordination, reading and spelling as well as general underlying ability and attainment)
(Dyslexia Research Institute, 2004). After testing, specialists then recommend ways to help the
young child manage the disorder and prosper in school. Unfortunately, there is no cure for dyslexia
presently; but, with the proper assistance, most children are able to learn and read (International
Dyslexia Association, 2002). In the United

Surface Dyslexia
Surface Dyslexia and the dual route model of reading. Introduction: Dyslexia is the term used to
describe a cognitive disability in learning that affects reading, writing and communication despite an
average level of intelligence and an equal access to education. (Le Jan et al., 2010). Dyslexia is
commonly used as a blanket term that covers many smaller forms of cognitive impairment including
surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia, hyperlexia, letter identification dyslexia and letter position
dyslexia. Most dyslexics suffer from multiple forms of these specific dyslexias and cases of pure
developmental dyslexia are quite rare. (Castles, Bates, & Coltheart, 2006). In some cases dyslexia is
caused by brain damage, often related to strokes, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2014). The anatomical foundations of acquired reading disorders: A neuropsychological verification
of the dual–route model of reading. Brain And Language, 134, 44–67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.04.001 Further Reading: Edwards, V. & Hogben, J. (1999).
New Norms for Comparing Children's Lexical and Nonlexical Reading: A Further Look at
Subtyping Dyslexia. Australian Journal Of Psychology, 51(1), 37–49.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049539908255333 Gersons–Wolfensberger, D. & Ruijssenaars, W.
(1997). Definition and Treatment of Dyslexia: A Report by the Committee on Dyslexia of the Health
Council of the Netherlands. Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 30(2), 209–213.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221949703000208 Grainger, J., Lété, B., Bertand, D., Dufau, S., &
Ziegler, J. (2012). Evidence for multiple routes in learning to read. Cognition, 123(2), 280–292.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.01.003 Shaywitz, S. & Shaywitz, B. (2005). Dyslexia
(Specific Reading Disability). Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1301–1309.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043 Tunmer, W. & Greaney, K. (2009). Defining
Dyslexia. Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 43(3), 229–243.

Dyslexia
There is often a child in a class that cannot read, spell, speak, or do math as well as they should for
their age level. He or she grows up thinking they are stupid, or are going to be unsuccessful in life
because they are not "smart" like their classmates. He or she is not stupid, they are usually
incredibly smart, and are possibly just dealing with dyslexia. Dyslexia is a type of learning
difference that can affect a person's ability to read, write, speak, and do math. Dyslexia is very
common, with one out of every five U.S. school children suffering from dyslexia. Dyslexic children
often discover that their parents or a close relative also have some form of learning disability,
supporting the idea that dyslexia is hereditary. Dyslexia is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Due to phonemic awareness, which is concerning or involving the discrimination of distinctive
speech elements of a language, speaking and spelling words is difficult at times. This can cause
dyslexic children to have a hard time in social situations. According to Artemisa Shehu, Eralda
Zhilla, and Eglantina Dervishi in their essay "the impact of the quality of social relationships on
self–esteem of children with dyslexia", about 5% of primary school children in the U.S. have
communication problems and 3.8% of children aged 8–11 have a phonological problem. At around
this age, kids become more self–conscious about what they do or how they look. If a child cannot
read or speak very well and gets picked on about it, their self–esteem is harmed. This is challenging,
because if a child is not helped, they will think the dyslexia is their fault. In the same essay it states,
"Dyslexia is a problem that makes the child feel ashamed, because they cannot perform the task
properly and it makes the child feel incompetent in the eyes of parents, feel lazy in front of teachers,
feel stupid in the eyes of friends, and guilty at the sight of them" (Shehu, Zhilla, and Dervishi).
These children with learning disabilities usually get named as "special" children with "special"
needs. A young child trying to fit in with their peers finds it very difficult when they are constantly
thought of as

According to a primary source called Molecular Genetics of Dyslexia most people would not have
dyslexia if they were not required to read. As many people know, reading takes years to develop. It
might come easier to some people than it does to others. Dyslexia is very highly complex. In the
source Molecular Genetics of Dyslexia, it mentions that dyslexia has many genetic components. In
order to find the genetics, researchers and scientists will have to go into the brain.
Ten to fifteen percent of people in the U.S have learning disabilities with dyslexia being the most
common. Dyslexia has nothing to do with a person's intelligence just a different style of learning
with new learning techniques. There are different cases of dyslexia ranging from mild to severe.
Most cases involve the struggle of reading and writing comprehension. They might have difficulty
in processing the information they see when looking at the word, a type of brain processing. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some might be caused by the sensory system or by by deficit. Types that fall under the sensory
system is Auditory Dyslexia which is difficulty of processing sounds and letters, Visual Dyslexia
which is difficulty with reading from vision problems and Attentional Dyslexia which is the trouble
of letters jumping on the page for example kind wing to wind king. Types of dyslexia by deficit is
Phonological Dyslexia which is extreme difficulty with reading, Surface Dyslexia which according
to Nancy Mather and Barbara Wendling in their excellent 2012 book Essentials of Dyslexia
Assessment and Intervention, surface dyslexia is: "A type of dyslexia characterized by difficulty
with whole word recognition and spelling, especially when the words have irregular spelling–sound
correspondences." The last type of dyslexia by deficit is Deep Dyslexia which is not genetic and
caused by head trauma or stroke causing it to affect the left side of the

Dyslexia Teaching

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