Dean r berry body systems part 1 revised 6 14-18

Body Systems and Organs:
Part One
By
Dean Berry, Ed. D
Georgia Berry, M.A.
Free Powerpoint version
at slideshare.com

Free PowerPoint Version at
slideshare.com
Type in PPT title or dean r berry

The Human Body
Our body is over 70% water.
After a few days without water,
most humans cannot survive.
3

These compounds and elements in
our body must be replenished on a
regular basis or our cells become
ineffective and begin dying.
5

6
Cells are the building
blocks of everything in
our body.

7
Cell
Carbon
Dioxide
Oxygen
Nutrients
Waste

Discuss
After cells use oxygen, they must
remove the leftover carbon
dioxide. How does our body get rid
of carbon dioxide?
8

The human cell controls bodily
functions and health.

The nucleus is the main control
center of the cell and is
surrounded by many other
important organelles.

11
Many cells together become
tissue. Tissues with the same
job become organs.

Discuss
Can you name a body organ that
controls our thoughts?
Can you name a muscular body
organ that keeps blood flowing to
our tissues?
12

13
There are many body systems
that keep our body
functioning properly.

Discuss
How many body
systems can you name?
15

16
Body
Systems
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Respiratory
Digestive
Nervous
Excretory
Sensory
Circulatory

Can you describe the function of
any of these systems?

18Body Systems
Skeletal: Protects and supports
Endocrine: Provides hormones
Nervous: Controls activities
Respiratory: Gets oxygen
Circulatory: Carries materials
Digestive: Breaks down food
Muscular: Allows movement

Can you name an organ for each
body system?

Discuss
Which body system sends
blood throughout your
body?
Which muscular pump
creates blood pressure?
21

22The circulatory system includes
the heart, blood, veins, and
arteries and provides many
important functions.

The heart is about the size of your fist
and is connected by main arteries that
send blood out to different areas of the
body.

Discuss
Why is it critical for our cells to receive a
constant supply of blood?
What happens when blood flow is
reduced or cut off from cells and tissue?
24

25
Our cells depend on blood
circulation for nutrients and waste
removal.

26
Blood Circulation
Circulation
Provides
Veins CapillariesArteries
Oxygen
Nutrients
Waste
Removal

27Discuss
How much blood do we
have in our body?
What might happen if you
cut an artery?

29Discuss
Why is blood so important?
Why should people give blood
if they have so little to spare?

The liquid that transports our blood
cells is called plasma. Red blood cells,
white blood cells and platelets are the
main components of our blood.

White blood cells fight infections, red blood
cells carry oxygen to cells in our tissues, and
platelets help stop bleeding by forming
clots.

Iron deficiency in our diet can create fewer
and smaller blood cells which in turn causes
anemia and a shortage of oxygen in the
brain.

Class Discussion
What happens when you become anemic?
What can you do to reduce the cause of anemia?
What can you do to reduce the effects of anemia?
33

35
The circulatory system enables us
to transport oxygen to our cells
and carry carbon dioxide away
from our cells.

Let’s review the primary organs of
the circulatory system.

Class Discussion
What are some of the organs that make up the
circulatory system?
What kind of illnesses can affect the circulatory
system?
Do you know anyone who has had any of these
illnesses?
38

What system enables us to
smell, taste, feel, see, and
hear?

The Sensory System
The sensory system includes the
organs that provide sight, hearing,
touch, taste, and smell.

The eye is a complex organ
that provides the sense of
sight.

The outer layer of the eye is the cornea which focuses light
through an opening called the pupil. At the back of the
eye is the optic nerve that sends visual messages to the
brain.

The visual image enters the eye and travels through the
vitreous humor, a liquid in the middle of the eye.

.At the back of the eye is the retina which contains
receptor cells called rods and cones. Rods are light
sensitive cells that are stimulated by low levels of light.
Cones are cells that work in bright light and provide
information about color to the brain.

The eye is connected to the brain by the optic nerve. The
lateral geniculate nucleus connects the optic nerve to the
visual cortex area of the brain.

Sound waves in the environment create
vibrations that enter the ear canal and
contact the ear drum.

The ear drum, tympanum, relays the vibrations to
three tiny bones in the middle ear. Once the
vibrations are sensed by the nerves in the ear,
messages are sent through the auditory nerve to
the brain.


In the middle ear is a large organ called the cochlea. The cochlea is
filled with fluid that that transmits the vibrations as nerve impulses
that are sent to the brain. Another organ in the inner ear, the
semicircular canals, sends information about balance and body
position to the brain.

Sensory receptors in the skin respond to pressure,
temperature, and pain. Some areas of the body have more
touch receptors than other areas. The tips of the fingers and
the tongue have very dense concentrations of nerves.

The nerve receptors in the skin send
messages to the brain when touch or
pressure occurs.

Our ability to smell odors is more
complex that it may seem.

Smell is possible because of specialized receptors in the nasal cavity.
The receptors respond to chemicals in the air and send the
information to the olfactory area of the brain.

Homeostasis: Positive and Negative
feedback Excellent 6 min
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz0Q9nTZCw4

The Human Body National Geographic
Good Overview 5 min
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae4MadKPJC0

The Human Circulatory System
5 min
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qmNCJxpsr0

How Does Your Digestive System Work
5 min Ted Ed
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Og5xAdC8EUI&t=92s

Human Brain: Structures and Functions
Excellent 5 min
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeE7Fpg061I

Smell and taste are interrelated. Holding your
nose will decrease your ability to taste.

Conduct Research on the Issues
 Use technology to gather
information about the effects of life
style on heart disease. Determine
what individuals can do to improve
the health of their circulatory
system.
 This will be a short research
assignment and should generate
two or three pages of notes. The
notes will used during the next class
discussion to review ideas and
solutions and to write a proposal.
60

Essential Questions to Guide Research
 How does diet impact heart health?
 Is stress a factor in heart disease?
 Do super foods that reduce death rates from heart disease?
 How important is exercise in maintaining heart health?
 How does smoking affect heart health?
 What can be done to reduce blood pressure?

Write a Proposal
Use your notes to write a two page proposal to
recommend life style changes that can
improve heart health. Provide specific
information to support your proposed ideas with
clearly articulated arguments and sufficient
evidence.
62

Your Proposal
Define the issue/problem
Outline the details of your argument
Cite supporting research
Project possible roadblocks
Specify contingency or back up plans
63

Causes of Heart Disease Mayoclinic
http://www.mayoclinic.com/healt
h/heart-
disease/DS01120/DSECTION=cau
ses

Heart Disease Risk Factors
http://www.webmd.com/heart-
disease/risk-factors-heart-disease

Basic Information on the Heart and
related Diseases
http://kidshealth.org/parent/gene
ral/body_basics/heart.html

Functions of the Heart
http://library.thinkquest.org/05au
g/01883/functionofheart.htm

How to Keep the Circulatory System
Healthy
http://www.fitday.com/fitness-
articles/fitness/cardio/taking-
care-of-your-cardiovascular-
system.html#b

Heart Health and Exercise
http://circ.ahajournals.org/conten
t/107/1/e2.full

Heart Health Videos
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseas
es-conditions/heart-
disease/multimedia/circulatory-
system/vid-20084745

Foods that Boost the Circulatory System
http://www.beliefnet.com/Health/
Foods-that-Boost-Blood-
Circulation.aspx#

Develop a Writing Plan
 Determine what your main
point will be, and write a topic
sentence that provides focus
for your essay.
 Choose several main ideas
that support your topic
sentence.
 Sort your information into
supporting details with facts
and examples.
72

Use the five
paragraph essay
to write your
paper.
73

Details Must Support the Main Ideas
Provide specific facts,
examples, and reasons
for each main idea in
the body of your essay

Discuss
What does the word
dehydration mean?
What might happen if you
become dehydrated?
75

Prepare to Write
Use your outline and write
a five paragraph essay on
your topic.
As you write your rough
draft, it will be very
important to use special
words that enable you to
transition smoothly from
one idea to the next.
76

Transition Words
As you view these
words, select the
words that help you
make transitions
smoothly from one
idea to the next.
 as a result
 such as
 for example
 nevertheless
 for that reason
 finally
 at this time
 therefore
 furthermore
 in addition
 in conclusion
 as well as
77

Review, Edit, and Rewrite
1. Re-read your essay several times.
2. How can you improve your sentences to communicate
more clearly?
3. Are your main ideas supported by examples and details?
4. Exchange papers with another student and read each
other’s essay out loud.
5. Make final corrections and write the final draft of your
polished essay.
78

Explore the Issue
If any of our body systems fail to
work properly, our health and
survival could be seriously affected.
Should all Americans and
their families have access to
comprehensive health care?
If so, how should that be
provided?
79

Take a Pro or Con Position
In order to make a
convincing argument for or
against an idea or event, it is
very important to evaluate
the facts and see if they
support your position.
The first step is to ask
relevant questions that will
guide your investigation
of the evidence.
80

Inquiring Minds want to Know
Essential Questions
 Should employers be required to provide comprehensive health insurance for
their full time employees(30-40 hours)?
 Should families living below the poverty level be guaranteed health coverage by
the government?
 Should expensive operations and health procedures be available only to families
with enough money to pay all of the costs?
 Should everyone be required to participate in a health plan? Should those who
choose not to participate be left to die in the street or served at tax payers
expense?
81

Conduct the Research
 Identify specific questions about the
issue to guide your investigation
of the facts.
 Determine if the evidence is
credible and supports your main
arguments.
 Use internet and book sources to
gather credible information.
82

The Proof is in the Pudding
 The Issue: Should all American
families have access to
comprehensive health care?
 Your assignment is to research this
issue, take a position, support your
arguments with sufficient evidence,
and write a report to convince others
of your point of view.
83

Government Sponsored Health
Programs
http://personalfinance.byu.edu/?q
=node/533

Government Health Insurance
http://www.cancer.org/treatment/fin
dingandpayingfortreatment/managin
ginsuranceissues/healthinsuranceand
financialassistanceforthecancerpatien
t/health-insurance-and-financial-
assistance-gov-funded-health-plans

Key Facts About Those Who are
Uninsured and Need Health Care
http://kff.org/uninsured/fact-
sheet/key-facts-about-the-
uninsured-population/

The Affordable Health Care Act:
What You Need To Know
http://consumerreports.org/cro/
magazine/2013/11/showtime-for-
health-care-reform/index.htm

Saving Money: Government Sponsored
Health Programs
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2
013/12/30/medicaid-health-care-
cost_n_4519383.html

Does Everyone Need Health
Insurance?
http://moneyfor20s.about.com/o
d/healthinsurance/f/need_health_i
nsurance.htm

Some States Opt Out of Government
Sponsored Health
http://www.oregonlive.com/today
/index.ssf/2013/12/health_reform
_gap_5_million_wi.html

Why We Need Health Insurance Reform
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08
/16/opinion/16obama.html?page
wanted=all&_r=0

Develop a Writing Plan
 Determine what your main point will
be, and write a topic sentence that
provides focus for your essay.
 Choose several main ideas that
support your topic sentence.
 Sort your information into
supporting details with facts and
examples.
92

Use the five
paragraph essay to
write your paper.
93

Prepare to Write
Use your outline and write a
five paragraph essay on your
topic.
As you write your rough
draft, it will be very
important to use special
words that enable you to
transition smoothly from one
idea to the next.
95

Transition Words
As you view these words,
select the words that help
you make transitions
smoothly from one idea to
the next.
 as a result
 such as
 for example
 nevertheless
 for that reason
 finally
 at this time
 therefore
 furthermore
 in addition
 in conclusion
 as well as
96

Relevance to the Real World
The final conclusion of your paper should explain why
your point of view about health care is important for
the future. Answer these questions as you write your
conclusion.
1. Why is your issue important to our world?
2. Why should anyone care about it?
3. What would be the negative results if your
recommendations are not followed?

Review, Edit, and Rewrite
1. Re-read your essay several times.
2. How can you improve your sentences
to communicate more clearly?
3. Are your main ideas supported by
examples and details?
4. Exchange papers with another student
and read each other’s essay out loud.
5. Make final corrections and write the
final draft of your polished essay.
98

Defend Your Position
Present your paper to your
class. Clearly state your
position on the issue of
health care and review the
main points of your
argument. Be sure to cite
specific facts and examples
that support each point you
are making.
99

Your Research Topic
Investigate the role of the
circulatory system in
maintaining good health in
our bodies. Include the
function of the main organs
and the processes that are
necessary to keep our cells,
tissues, and organs healthy.
100

Extend Your Knowledge of the Topic
Participate in an in-depth
study of the topic. Identify 4-
6 internet or print resources
that provide helpful
information regarding your
topic. Review your notes and
develop several questions
that you would like to
explore about your topic.
101

Essential Questions to Guide Your Research
 1. What is the function of platelets, hemoglobin, and white blood
cells?
 2. How can cholesterol and inflammation damage arteries?
 3. What are the most important parts of the heart, and how do
they function?
 4. How do diet and exercise affect the circulatory system?
 5. What is the difference between a heart attack and a stroke?

Collect Your Information
Your research must
include a minimum
of three pages of
notes about your
topic.
103

The Following slides provide sources for the research project.

Overview of the Cardiovascular System
http://www.innerbody.com/image
/cardov.html

Arteries
http://www.webmd.com/heart/pic
ture-of-the-arteries

Major Arteries of the Body
http://voices.yahoo.com/major-
arteries-human-body-brief-
review-10246183.html?cat=5

Components of Human Blood
http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/
blood_components.htm

Circulatory System Functions
http://www.livescience.com/2248
6-circulatory-system.html

Video of Heart and Circulatory System
http://www.mayoclinic.com/healt
h/circulatory-system/MM00636

Brief Overview of Blood and
its Function
http://voices.yahoo.com/what-
composition-function-blood-the-
4896170.html?cat=8

The Basics of Blood
http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_b
ody/body_basics/blood.html

Unit Assessment
 The common core standards assessment includes the
following:
 PowerPoint Notes
 Research Project One: Notes, Proposal and Participation
 Research Project Two: Notes and Research Paper
 Research project Three: Three Pages of Notes
 Research Topic Essay
 Project
 Final Unit Test
114

Final Unit Test
The Human Body
 1. Present an argument for or against government
sponsored comprehensive health insurance coverage for
all Americans. Provide specific details to support your
argument.
 2. Describe the major organs of the circulatory system and
explain their primary functions.
115

Unit Test
3. Analyze the primary risk factors
for heart disease, and describe how
better life style choices can reduce
the chances of heart attacks or
strokes.

Human Brain: Structures and Functions
Excellent 5 mi9n
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeE7Fpg061I

122
Our body is composed of
elements and compounds such
as carbon, oxygen, proteins
and fats.

These compounds and elements in
our body must be replenished on a
regular basis or our cells become
ineffective and begin dying.
124

125
Cells are the building
blocks of everything in
our body.

126
Cell
Carbon
Dioxide
Oxygen
Nutrients
Waste

Discuss
After cells use oxygen, they must
remove the leftover carbon
dioxide. How does our body get rid
of carbon dioxide?
127

130
Many cells together become
tissue. Tissues with the same
job become organs.

Discuss
Can you name a body organ that
controls our thoughts?
Can you name a muscular body
organ that keeps blood flowing to
our tissues?
131

132
There are many body systems
that keep our body
functioning properly.

Discuss
How many body
systems can you name?
134

135
Body
Systems
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Respiratory
Digestive
Nervous
Excretory
Sensory
Circulatory

137Body Systems
Skeletal: Protects and supports
Endocrine: Provides hormones
Nervous: Controls activities
Respiratory: Gets oxygen
Circulatory: Carries materials
Digestive: Breaks down food
Muscular: Allows movement

Discuss
Which body system sends
blood throughout your
body?
Which muscular pump
creates blood pressure?
140

141The circulatory system includes
the heart, blood, veins, and
arteries and provides many
important functions.

The heart has four chambers. The right and
left atrium are above the right and left
ventricles.

Discuss
Why is it critical for our cells to receive a
constant supply of blood?
What happens when blood flow is
reduced or cut off from cells and tissue?
144

145
Our cells depend on blood
circulation for nutrients and waste
removal.

146
Blood Circulation
Circulation
Provides
Veins CapillariesArteries
Oxygen
Nutrients
Waste
Removal

147Discuss
How much blood do we
have in our body?
What might happen if you
cut an artery?

149Discuss
Why is blood so important?
Why should people give blood
if they have so little to spare?

Class Discussion
What happens when you become anemic?
What can you do to reduce the cause of anemia?
What can you do to reduce the effects of anemia?
153

155
The circulatory system enables us
to transport oxygen to our cells
and carry carbon dioxide away
from our cells.

Class Discussion
What are some of the organs that make up the
circulatory system?
What kind of illnesses can affect the circulatory
system?
Do you know anyone who has had any of these
illnesses?
158

Taste buds are areas of specialized receptors on the
tongue that detect the tastes of bitter, sweet, sour, and
salty. The chemicals in foods signal a specific taste that is
sent to the brain.

176
Class Check-up and
Review
RAISE YOUR GREEN CARD IF YOU BELIEVE THE STATEMENT IS TRUE OR
YOUR RED CARD IF YOU THINK IT IS FALSE.

177
True or False-1
One of the main elements that
make up the human body is
carbon which is also the main
ingredient in diamonds and
charcoal.

179
True or False-2
The human body
takes in carbon
dioxide and releases
oxygen.

181
True or False-3
Capillaries are small blood
vessels that carry oxygen
to the cells and tissues in
the human body.

183
True or False-4
The circulatory system
aids the body in the
process of digestion and
excretion.

185
True or False-5
Most human bodies
have 4 to 5 gallons
of blood.

187
True or False-6
The average heart
beats over 40 million
times per year.

189
True or False-7
The heart is composed of
very soft tissue with air
sacs and blood vessels to
supply oxygen to the
body.

191
True or False-8
The retina and the
vitreous humor are
important parts of the
middle ear.

193
True or False-9
Vibrations enter the ear canal
and are transmitted through
the ear drum and the middle
ear and sent to the brain as
nerve impulses.

195
True or False-10
The nerve receptors under the skin
sense vibrations and send messages
through the auditory nerve to the
part of the brain that processes sight
and hearing.

197
True or False-11
The sense of smell and
taste are very closely
related and directly affect
each other.

True or False-12
The cornea is a layer of cells that
covers the front part of the eye and
can be easily scratched or
damaged.

Dean r berry body systems part 1 revised 6 14-18

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Dean r berry body systems part 1 revised 6 14-18