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1. The skullThe skull
Upload By : Ahmed Ali AbbasUpload By : Ahmed Ali Abbas
Babylon University College of DentistryBabylon University College of Dentistry
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2. The skull is the bonyThe skull is the bony
framework of the headframework of the head..
It is comprised of theIt is comprised of the
eight cranial andeight cranial and
fourteen facial bonesfourteen facial bones..

3. Cranial BonesCranial Bones
The cranial bones makeup the protective frame of bone around the brain.The cranial bones makeup the protective frame of bone around the brain.
The cranial bones areThe cranial bones are::
TheThe frontalfrontal forms part of the cranial cavity as well as the forehead, theforms part of the cranial cavity as well as the forehead, the
brow ridges and the nasal cavitybrow ridges and the nasal cavity..
The left and rightThe left and right parietalparietal forms much of the superior and lateralforms much of the superior and lateral
portions of the craniumportions of the cranium..
The left and rightThe left and right temporaltemporal form the lateral walls of the cranium as wellform the lateral walls of the cranium as well
as housing the external earas housing the external ear..
TheThe occipitaloccipital forms the posterior and inferior portions of the cranium.forms the posterior and inferior portions of the cranium.
Many neck muscles attach here as this is the point of articulation withMany neck muscles attach here as this is the point of articulation with
the neckthe neck..
TheThe sphenoidsphenoid forms part of the eye orbit and helps to form the floor offorms part of the eye orbit and helps to form the floor of
the craniumthe cranium..
TheThe ethmoidethmoid forms the medial portions of the orbits and the roof of theforms the medial portions of the orbits and the roof of the
nasal cavitynasal cavity..

4. The joints between bones of the skull areThe joints between bones of the skull are
immovable and called sutures. The parietalimmovable and called sutures. The parietal
bones are joined by the sagittal suture.bones are joined by the sagittal suture.
Where the parietal bones meet the frontal isWhere the parietal bones meet the frontal is
referred to as the coronal suture. Thereferred to as the coronal suture. The
parietals and the occipital meet at theparietals and the occipital meet at the
lambdoidal suture. The suture between thelambdoidal suture. The suture between the
parietals and the temporal bone is referredparietals and the temporal bone is referred
to as the squamous suture. These sites areto as the squamous suture. These sites are
the common location of fontanelles or "softthe common location of fontanelles or "soft
spots" on a babyspots" on a baby’’s heads head..

5. Facial BonesFacial Bones
The facial bones makeup the upper and lower jaw and otherThe facial bones makeup the upper and lower jaw and other
facial structures.facial structures.
The facial bones areThe facial bones are::
TheThe mandiblemandible is the lower jawbone. It articulates with theis the lower jawbone. It articulates with the
temporal bones at the temporomandibular joints. Thistemporal bones at the temporomandibular joints. This
forms the only freely moveable joint in the head. Itforms the only freely moveable joint in the head. It
provides the chewing motionprovides the chewing motion..
The left and rightThe left and right maxillamaxilla are the upper jaw bones. Theyare the upper jaw bones. They
form part of the nose, orbits, and roof of the mouthform part of the nose, orbits, and roof of the mouth..
The left and rightThe left and right palatinepalatine form a portion of the nasal cavityform a portion of the nasal cavity
and the posterior portion of the roof of the mouthand the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth..
The left and rightThe left and right zygomaticzygomatic are the cheek bones. They formare the cheek bones. They form
portions of the orbits as wellportions of the orbits as well..

6. The left and right nasal form the superiorThe left and right nasal form the superior
portion of the bridge of the noseportion of the bridge of the nose..
The left and right lacrimal help to form theThe left and right lacrimal help to form the
orbitsorbits..
The vomer forms part of the nasal septumThe vomer forms part of the nasal septum
(the divider between the nostrils(the divider between the nostrils(.(.

7. Anterior view of the skullAnterior view of the skull

9. Skull (anterior view)Skull (anterior view): bony case of the brain of vertebrates.: bony case of the brain of vertebrates.
Superciliary archSuperciliary arch: arch like bone situated at eyebrows: arch like bone situated at eyebrows
level.level.
Frontal boneFrontal bone: bone of the forehead.: bone of the forehead.
GlabellaGlabella: part of the skull between the eyebrows.: part of the skull between the eyebrows.
Orbital cavityOrbital cavity: hollow part of the skull which contains the: hollow part of the skull which contains the
eye.eye.
Malar or zygomatic boneMalar or zygomatic bone: cheek bone.: cheek bone.
Anterior nasal spineAnterior nasal spine: long, projecting part of the nasal: long, projecting part of the nasal
bone.bone.
MaxillaMaxilla: bony upper part of the jaw.: bony upper part of the jaw.
Body of the mandibleBody of the mandible: bony upper part of the jaw.: bony upper part of the jaw.
Mental processMental process: the part of the mandible that forms the: the part of the mandible that forms the
chin.chin.
Alveolar partAlveolar part: edge of the buccal cavity, into which the: edge of the buccal cavity, into which the
teeth are set.teeth are set.
Mental foramenMental foramen: cavity of the chin.: cavity of the chin.
Body of the mandibleBody of the mandible: main part of the mandible.: main part of the mandible.
Nasal cavityNasal cavity: skull opening related to the nose: skull opening related to the nose..

10. RamusRamus: bony part connecting the mandible to the skull.: bony part connecting the mandible to the skull.
Supraorbital foramenSupraorbital foramen: cavity below the orbit.: cavity below the orbit.
Zygomaticofacial foramenZygomaticofacial foramen: cavity related to the: cavity related to the
cheek.cheek.
Infraorbital marginInfraorbital margin: lower edge of the orbit.: lower edge of the orbit.
Fossa for lacrimal sacFossa for lacrimal sac: opening of the tear duct.: opening of the tear duct.
Supraorbital archSupraorbital arch: arched bone forming the upper: arched bone forming the upper
part of the orbit.part of the orbit.
Supra-orbital foramenSupra-orbital foramen: opening above the upper: opening above the upper
part of the orbitpart of the orbit

12. Inferior view of the skullInferior view of the skull

13. base of the skullbase of the skull

14. List of foraminaList of foramina

18. The EndThe End
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