Critical Thinking Summary And Analysis

Critical Thinking Summary And Analysis
The word "Critical Thinking" in my own words mean is all about what you think can be range in all
categories such as Rationality, Self– Awareness, Honesty, Open– Mindedness, Discipline, and
Judgments "Critical thinkers draw conclusions only after they have defined their terms,
distinguished fact from opinion, asked relevant questions, made detailed observations, and
uncovered assumptions. Critical thinkers make assertions based on solid evidence and sound logic."
(Herr, December 2014) all those are some of skills that you will have to use your critical thinking to
make life decisions, which I will share, related to, My own personal life, Education, and Human
Rights & Laws. There are so many people having their own view on the word critical ... Show more
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Now, it almost time for me to graduate from National Technical Institute for the Deaf under the
department of Visual Communication Studies (VCS) and will get a degree in the path of the Applied
Associate in Science in the field "Graphic Production". My academic advisor told me that I would
expect to graduate in December (Fall) of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Critical Thinking: Video Analysis
Some of the traits the video described as good critical thinking skills were asking questions, seeking
new solutions, being curious, and admitting to lack of knowledge and understanding. Critical
thinking is about having skepticism, examining assumptions, challenging reason and uncovering
biases. My favorite point was questioning sources, even if it seems valid, it is important for the
critical thinker to uncover the truth for themselves rather than just believe in the words of another,
no matter how prestige their background maybe. The teams were in a situation where they needed
critical thinking. With their diverse background and biases there were in challenging situations and
they needed skills to get out of it. The critical thinking traits

Examples Of Critical Discourse Analysis
CHAPTER 2
THEORITICAL FOUNDATION
2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis
To understand the concept of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), it is necessary to see how CDA
defines discourse. Discourse is not simply an isolated textual or dialogical structure (van Dijk,
1988). It is seen as socially constructed ways that do not only shape but also enable (social) reality
(Foucault, 1977; Paltridge, 2006). It involves "a dialectical relationship between a particular
discursive event and the situation(s), institution(s), and social structure(s) which frame it"
(Fairclough & Wodak, 1997, p. 258). It also helps to establish power relations between social
classes, gender, or majorities and minorities groups (Wodak & Meyer, 2009). Therefore, CDA acts
as an approach that critically investigates the relationship between discourse and the reproduction of
power in social practices and interactions (Fairclough, 1995 as cited ... Show more content on
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Therefore, one of the distinguishing features of DHA is its interdisciplinary method that considers a
variety of different empirical data and background information (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001).
The historical dimension is realized by collecting all information regarding the historical
background and the original sources of the object under investigation and exploring diachronic
change (Matouschek et al. 1995; Wodak et al., 1990, 1994 as cited in van Leeuwen & Wodak,
1999). Specifically, the process of analysis in DHA starts by describing the phenomena occurred in
texts. Then, describing the apparent changes. Finally, discussing the result to find how and why
change occurs since the purpose of DHA is to uncover the ideology in diachronic texts (Slavícková,

Critical Discourse Analysis ( Cda )
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach, which has been further
developed on the basis of Discourse Analysis (DA) since 1970s. The insights have been expanded
into a broader range of social, cultural, psychological and political practices. It is regarded as the
textual study aiming to elucidate the abuses of power residing in the texts by analyzing
linguistic/semiotic remarks in accordance with the existing (social, political, cultural, etc.) contexts
in which those texts circulate (Wodak: 2001, 1–2; Fairclough: 1995; Huckin, Andrus, and Clary–
Lemon: 2012, 107; Rashidi and Souzandehfar: 2010, 56; Economou: 2009, 42). As many linguists
and scholars' engagement with the study of CDA, there already has been several schools or genres
with their representative figures. Although the history and development of CDA study is still a bit
premature and there is no distinct framework of wide–recogonition, according to van Dijk (2007),
there are mainly four approaches to it: 1) the Critical Linguistics (CL) developed by Fowler et al.
(1979; 1991; 1996), Kress (1985); sociocultural/socio–semiotic approach proposed by Fairclough
(1985; 1988; 1989; 1992; 1995; 2003; 2006); discourse–historical created by Wodak (1996, 2001)
and Wodak et al. (1999); and sociocognitive approach introduced by van Dijk (1998, 2001, 2002)
(Rashidi, Souzandehfar: 2010, 56–57; Economou: 42).
CL is considered originally being introduced by Fowler et al. in their book of Language and

Critical Analysis Essay: Spiral Jetty
When completing my critical analysis essay I split the assignment up into different steps. The first
step was deciding what pieces to use in my essay. I choose the Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson
because I personally have been to this site. When I traveled back to see my family in Salt Lake Utah
we visited the Jetty which helped me describe the artwork in the essay making the format flow
better. The second piece I choose to write about was Dali Salvador's Swans Reflecting Elephants.
When going over the piece in class I felt as though this painting would connect with the rock Jetty
by connecting both nature and the environment to man's destruction and time.
Both artworks contained much detail in the sense of using sensory details and Imagery.

Reflective Thinking: Critical Analysis
Reflective Thinking Reflective thinking is a part of the critical thinking process referring
specifically to the processes of analyzing and making judgments about what has happened
(hawaii.edu). The site cited that reflective thinking is an active, persistent, and careful consideration
of a belief or supposed form of knowledge, of the grounds that support that knowledge, and the
further conclusions to which that knowledge leads. Thus, learners are aware of and control their
learning by actively participating in reflective thinking by assessing what they know, what they need
to know and how they bridge that gap during learning situations. According to Lucas & Tan (2006),
reflective thinking is always about something. That something may be a task pr problem of some
sort. However tasks and problems vary in the demands they make on a student, ranging form
highly–structured tasks to ill–structured problems. The delineation of a task as well–structured
implies that a fairly predictable, or algorithmic, approach may be sufficient. However, the ... Show
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Lucas (2012) cited that critical reflection is considered as a precursor to trans–formative learning,
which may lead to changes in personal understandings and potentially behavior. Students can use
critical reflection practices for engaging in meta cognition. It is associated with a number of learning
outcomes including improved thinking, learning and assessment of self and social systems. We
cannot learn or be taught to think, we do have to learn how to think well and especially to acquire
the practice of reflection. To use knowledge critically we do not accept the situation at face value.
This requires the ability to look beneath the surface to see what may influence the situation,
resulting in critical depth to

Critical Discourse Analysis Of CDA
Methodology
Critical Discourse Analysis
In writing this paper, the writer derives the theory from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which is
an approach to the analysis of discourse which maintains that, language is a social practice and
analyses how ideologies and power relations are approached in language (Fairclough & Wodak,
1997, p 258; Lin & Guo, 2016). Fowler and Kress, 1979; Van Dijk, 1993, 1983; Fairclough &
Wodak, 1997; Wodak & Meyer, 2009, and Foucault, 1972, are among theorists who have made great
contribution to the development and implementation of CDA. It is worth taking into account that
CDA has its roots in Critical Linguistics and can be taken as a development of Critical Linguistics
(Hailong, 2006). Language and Control (Fowler & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These express mental patterns of such events and the belief that the storytellers have regarding them'
(Van Dijk, 1997a: p42). (5) Quoting credible, sources or experts, witnesses, e.g. in news reports.
(6) Semantic moves such as disclaimers: These play a significant role in persuasion while displaying
the original structures of ethnic approaches' (Van Dijk, 1997, p42).
According to Van Dijk (2006) extended endeavor on racism and discourse, concludes that common
racism and negative attitudes are derivative of elite racist discourse. In other words, the role of elites
in the 'discursive reproduction processes of the system of racism' is prominent (Van Dijk, 1997,
p32). Numbers of the prejudicial beliefs and attitudes of the public are originated from their
understanding of elite discourse in the form of textbooks, massages, media, political discourse, and
corporative discourse (Van Dijk, 1983: p23).
The main tenets of Critical Discourse Analysis have been put forth by Wodak and Fairclough
(1997):
1 CDA addresses social problems.
2 Power relations are

Critical Lens: A Critical Analysis
By looking through various perspectives, we can use critical lens to read the world. Critical lens are
a type of analytical view on a piece of work or literature ranging from a reader response to the
author's history. Many different types of critical lens exist and are useful when used to further
understand a novel. Mainly critics and students use critical lenses; however, all readers who
appreciate the deeper messages in novels or want the full experience should use critical lens.
Although many people argue that critical lens are distracting and do not aid in reading a novel,
students need to learn how to read with a critical eye so they can further enrich their understanding
and reading experience.
The New Historical lens is used to develop the connections between the author's ... Show more
In other words, personal experiences, ideas, and culture are all examples of connections that could
be made through the New Historical lens. Historic critics discover the ways humans lived and grew
in particular places through written work ("Historical Criticism" 36). Many critics even identify
literary movements connected to historical writing. When asked the question, what language,
characters, or events presented in a work reflect the current events in an author's day, the New
Historical lens is used to relate the textual evidence back to the author. In novels, historical lens
groups delve into the information presented and relate it to events of the author's time. Another
question lens groups ask is, are there words in the text that have changed their meaning from the
time of writing? Many ideas and words portrayed in art are often viewed differently over time.
Novels written in the 1920s are significantly different than those written today. Words like
doppelganger and n***** were common then, but in today's more modern culture, they are highly
offensive. Knowledge helps enrich one's reading experience ("Historical Criticism" 38). In most
popular

Critical Thinking In Business Analysis
Everyone thinks about anything or nothing, thinking is simply the collaboration of ideas. Thinking
is also similar to other skills, like writing, reading, drawing, working or any other stuff. Practicing
different type of thinking can improve it. An individual can improvise their thinking by earning new
tools which makes good thinking. Critical thinking is a word which we hear very often, but many of
us don't think or analyze about the meaning of it or the way it is being used. This essay will describe
the benefits of using critical thinking and how we can use it in decision making process. It also
describes the concepts which we can use to make correct decisions. This essay will describes that
any normal person can understand the usage of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally, a critical thinker needs a lots of evidences or justification to get convinced. Critical
thinking mainly focus on the intellectual standards and produce valid reasons to support their
decisions. According to Paul, R. and Elder, L (2013), critical thinker follow these seven important
intellectual standards to get assurance on the evidence they acquire. Here is the checklist of the 7
intellectual standards: Clarity is an important aspect of critical thinking. If a report is uncertain then
it is difficult to determine if it is precise or applicable to the context. Based on Austin (2012), critical
thinkers must have a well–defined knowledge and evidence on their thoughts and beliefs. They must
also consider the kind of language they use. For example, when we discuss about ethics, some may
think about the social ethics while other may think about the company ethics. Well defining our
language can help us in giving more clarity (Austin,

Critical Analysis Of Richard III
Writer's statement
William Shakespeare's, Richard III explores the idea of power. It's shown how power corrupts and
controls characters throughout the play. There are many comparisons that could be drawn between
Richard III as Machiavellian leader as alluded to in the transformative piece. The main reason for
this is the extremes that Richard would go to, to assert himself in power. The transformative piece
aimed to explore how this influenced Richard's reception when elected into power. One of the main
motivations behind the characterisations of Richard in this transformative piece, is drawn from
when Richard announces in the original play, "And therefore, – since I cannot prove a lover, To
entertain these fair well–spoken days, –I am determined to prove a villain, And hate the idle
pleasures of these days." (1.1.??) From this quote the character of Richard had to be created to be
cruel with no regard for the things that make us human, this was done through how widely known
his behaviour is in the article. The Machiavellian idea is also drawn from Richard as he "cannot
prove a lover", which leads him to draw on fear as a method of control. This speech is sinister yet
incredibly determined, it acted as the driving hand behind many of Richard's brutal actions, because
whilst his actions are morally wrong, he is working towards a goal. This idea laid the grounds for
the investigation Richards's determination.
The transformative is written in The Economists, which is well

A Critical Analysis Argument
In this essay, my goal was to create a well written and formatted Critical Analysis essay where I
would introduce an argument and use evidence to support my position. I also had to include a
counterclaim in order to argue anything that went against my position on the topic, as well as
viewing the effectiveness of using strong sources that would support my writing. The only reason I
was motivated to write this essay was because it was mandatory for my FIQWS class. I hope to
accomplish an essay where I include a clear argument and is well supported by my evidence; and
hopefully connect back with my thesis
My audience in this essay are Professors Matt Paczkowski and Sam Byrd. For the first time I also
had more than one classmate as my audience,

Critical Cuistice Analysis, The Study Of Language
According to Hugh Trappes–Lomax (2004), discourse analysis is the study of language that is
viewed communicatively or the study of communication that is viewed linguistically. Under the
discourse analysis, the analysts analyse the concepts of "language in use, the language above or
beyond the sentence, language as meaning in interaction, and language in situational and cultural
context". By carrying out the discourse analysis, the analysts seek to explore the relation that exists
between the various elements that are present in the situation; such as the participants of the
conversation, the cultural backgrounds of the participants, the relationship between the participants,
the setting of the conversation/discourse, the situation and the linguistic choices that are made in the
process of the discourse (Dijk, 1995). Though discourse analysis cannot be tied down to a single
definition, some of the most prominent ones are as follows;
"The linguistic, cognitive and social processes whereby meanings are expressed and intentions
interpreted in human interaction" (Jaworski, 1999)
"The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hall (1996) describes critical discourse analysis as;
"Critical discourse analysis begins from the assumption that systematic asymmetries of power and
resources between speakers and listeners, readers and writers can be linked to their unequal access
to linguistic and social resources. In this way, the presupposition of critical discourse analysis is that
institutions like schools act as gatekeepers of mastery of discursive resources: the discourses, texts,
genres, lexical and grammatical structures of everyday language

Critical Path Analysis
Critical Path Analysis INTRODUCTION: Planning, Scheduling and Controlling are three important
functions of management. Planning involves the formulation of objectives and goals that are
subsequently translated into Specific plans and projects. Scheduling is concerned about the
implementation of activities necessary to achieve the laid down plans. The function of control is to
institute a mechanism that can trigger a warning signal if actual performance is deviating (in terms
of time, cost and some other measures of effectiveness) from the plan. If such a deviation is
unacceptable to the concerned manager, he will be required to take corrective action to bring
performance in conformity with the plans. The PERT and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Breaking down the project into smaller components permits better and closer control. 2. Critical
path analysis offers economical and effective system of control based on the principle of
management by exception i.e. need for corrective action arises only in exceptional situations and in
most of other cases, performance is in conformity with the plans. 3. It is a dynamic tool of
management which calls for constant review, a reformulation of the network, and finding the current
path of relevance and optimum resources allocation. FUNDAMENTALS OF A CPA NETWORK (
Activity An activity is any portion of a project which consumes time or resources and has a
definable beginning and ending. For example, "laying of pipe" is an activity requiring the use of
resource mainly effort. Activity may involve labour, paper work, contractual negotiations,
machinery operations, etc. Commonly used terms synonymous with "activity" are "task" and "job".
Figure 1 and 2 Activities are graphically represented by arrows, usually with description and time
estimates written along the arrows. The tail of the arrow portraying an activity represents the
starting point of the activity and its

Critical Thinking Process Analysis
Have you ever wondered what drives the thinking and decision making process? Critical thinking is
an intellectually disciplined six step process that allows a person to think more rationally by
gathering and using evidence. Being able to think critically helps a person from making blind
decisions and also allows them to recognize and see through nonsense. Critical thinking is useful in
everything including reading, writing, speaking, and listening. It gives people the power to question
everything they see, hear, and read. The six steps in critical thinking are remembering,
understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Remembering is the lowest step of the
process. It involves recognizing or recalling things that occurred in the past. The ... Show more
It also means taking a bunch of different ideas and finding a connection between them. Each of
those steps is driven by a person's moral principles, or ethics. Everyone's ethics are different,
however, there may be some similarities between them. Ethics show what a person believes in and
their thoughts and ideas are heavily influenced by their beliefs. My personal ethical lens is the
results lens, which means that I listen to my intuition (sensibility) to determine the greatest good for
each individual (autonomy). According to my assessment, my primary concern is protecting
individual rights and I believe that it is the best way to make sure everyone is treated fairly.
However, my blind spot is overconfidence in self–efficacy, which means I am satisfied with too
little good. In other words, so long as my needs are satisfied, I can become complacent, leave
problems unresolved and also leave everyone else to fend for themselves. My personal ethics
influences my decision–making because it allows me to utilize past experiences to shed light on
current

Internet And Critical Thinking Analysis
The Negative Impact of Internet on Critical Thinking and Reading Skills The Internet is considered
to be a most important source of the knowledge, and it has played a bigger role in our lives.
Everyone use the Internet on daily basis in offices, schools, libraries, and other places, around the
world. While the Internet has made our lives easier in various ways, our skills in critical thinking
and reading skills have declined. Furthermore, people depend too much on the Internet to solve their
problems. There are many people who believe that the Internet is negatively affecting our critical
thinking and reading skills. On the other hand, there are many people who believe that the Internet
improves their critical thinking and reading skills. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nowadays, there are thousands of books available free on the Internet, and people find them easy to
read the book online instead of getting the hard copy of the book. In his book The Shallows,
Nicholas Carr explains that the online readings make it becomes difficult for us to pay full attention
to the reading "The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long
pieces of writing"(7). For example, when I have to read the articles from the Internet for my
research papers or class assignments, I always have hard time focus on the reading because I easily
get distracted by the ads shown on the pages. I start paying attention to the ads instead of
understanding and absorb the information. Carr also states that "For some people, the very idea of
reading a book has come to seem old–fashioned, maybe even little silly– like sewing your own
shirts or butchering your own meat"(8). In these days, people find it boring to read books, especially
young adults, they think it is a waste of time to read books when they can get the short versions of
reading from the Internet instead of reading a page to

Art Of Critical Thinking Analysis
The Art of Critical Thinking Critical thinking involves rationalizing a given situation and
objectively evaluating information (Myers, 2011). This particular method of processing information
forces one to assess misleading evidence and strive for accuracy in recorded findings as opposed to
trusting his/her, often faulty, intuition. The ability to think critically is very crucial to psychology
when evaluating test results because it requires one to ask questions, second guess his/her
assumptions, and ignore biases. Critical thinking can be influenced in both biological and
psychological ways. The skill of thinking critically can be influenced psychologically because one
must yearn to want to evaluate properly and question things rather than ... Show more content on
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More research is quite necessary because excessive use of this drug can begin to hamper the skill of
critical thinking in college students due to the side effects. The side effects are anxiety, insomnia,
and the fact that students, usually, build a higher tolerance to the stimulus and eventually require
larger amounts of it to reach the same effect. If students regularly abuse the stimulus, they begin to
lose the ability to study effectively without it, ultimately resulting in a serious dependence to
Adderall. In addition, more research on this topic would be very useful to the ADHD sufferers and
college students who use Adderall. Extensive research would also improve the field of psychology
because it would contribute more information about how Adderall affects critical thinking and the
way our brains' function while on the drug (Strothman,

Critical Listening Analysis
During the summer while taking Critical Listening (Communication 240), my goal was to not over–
think questions, evaluate with a clear response, and become a comprehensive listener. I have
observed and analyzed that I was not being honest with myself due to bad listening habits through
conversations or functions. Sometimes during a speech, lecture, and meetings, I tend to selectively
listen to interesting facts than relevant ones. Partial listening occasionally occurs when I'm speaking
to two or more people in a group setting. Although, I did not pay attention as much as I should to
understand concepts for some task, I have practiced new strategies to build into a great listener.
Through this reflection, I will discuss what I have learned in this course and plan to grow in the
future. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the text, the system model is a model that explores the associations among three concepts
which includes presage, process, and product (Worthington and Fitch–Hauser, p. 9). These concepts
have improved my listening skills from struggling to interpret and answer problems than to
effectively paraphrase, remember, understand and manage emotions for solutions. For example, this
summer on June 22nd –24th was Vacation Bible School (VBS) at my church. Miss Ebbs, the
coordinator of VBS, positioned over thirty facilitators and myself to complete certain duties. The
last day on June 26th was the night of lock–in that began from 8p.m. – 8a.m. filled with several
activities. During that night, Miss Ebbs instructed me to monitor the kitchen, games, and children
for safety. Meanwhile, I took risk to be an active listener and express affective ways of listening
physically and mentally to overcome

Critical Analysis: An Analysis Of Critical Thinking
Title
Author
University
Abstract
Critical thinking is an analysis technique that is used to assess the matter presented in a reasonable
and reflective manner and reach upon a conclusion. It involves scrutinizing the case for evidences
presented, critique on the conclusions drawn, identification of logical relationships and fallacies,
investigation for misinterpretations and other intellectual methods. This paper contains the
application of one such application model to test the conclusion and the basal reasons and statistics
laid down in personal communication under scrutiny. Fallacies are identified and it is found that the
conclusion drawn is illogical and misleading.
Keywords: Critical Thinking, Analysis of Content, Asking the right ... Show more content on
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The first of these is evident when the author makes the following claim, "Our average growth rate is
12% per annum. None of our twelve senior executives has attended a leadership development
seminar and yet our company has been prosperous." (Anil Ravaswami, personal communication,
October 10, 2012, p. 1.) The author attributes the growth to the company to the leadership's
effectiveness. An alternate explanation could this have been the overall booming of the market
sector in which the company operates. Yet another explanation could be extraordinary performance
of the people on field and the junior executives. At one more of such instances, the author tries to
claim that a tall height is an essential quality for becoming leaders. He supports this with the fact all
that but one member of the senior staff are over 6 feet tall. An alternate explanation to this could be
that some of the senior staff members might be biologically related, which is often a case in many
private firms run by families. In that scenario, they all might possess the gene leading to their above
average heights (Visscher,

Critical Analysis of I Have Dream
Martin Luther King 's "I Have a Dream": Critical Thinking Analysis
Charles Briscoe
PRST 3301
16 October 2012
In Martin Luther King Jr. 's seminal 1963 speech "I Have a Dream," King uses a number of critical
thinking processes in order to present his argument. On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, at the
height of the Civil Rights Movement, King delivered a speech that is remembered now as one of the
most significant pieces of oratory in the 20th century. His call was for blacks and whites to come
together, for blacks to be granted greater freedoms and for America to become a nation of equals.
Not only was the speech thought–provoking and emotional, but King 's points were excellently
handled and deftly conveyed through his use of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this way, King lays a groundwork that implies that, if you disagree with civil rights, you disagree
with the way our nation was founded. Placing that onus on the listener is a strong motivator to get
them to change their opinion. King is extremely emotive in his speech, and uses incredibly
descriptive and poetic phrasing to demonstrate the eloquence of his argument. His use of words like
"Now" and "today" imply a great need for immediate action regarding civil rights; the fact that he is
so well–spoken is intentionally utilized in the speech to lend credence to his words. Given the
stereotype at the time that blacks were unintelligent and uneducated, King 's responsibility to show
the capabilities of black rhetoric was great. King, as a religious man, brings spirituality into the
speech itself, but not in a self–aggrandizing way; he merely states that racial justice should be done
as it is according to God 's will. King 's use of repetition (anaphora) is one of his greatest strengths
in the speech; apart from the aforementioned "I have a dream," he also finishes his speech with the
repetitive device to "let freedom ring" in various locations around the country. This particular device
influences because of its catchy repetition, as well as its identifier of disparate locations that are still,
undeniably America. This also hammers home the metaphor that we, as a

What would the world be like without critical thinking? The thought of no Albert Einstein and his
contribution to society is really scary. Introduction to Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking
can be defined as several things or ideas. The critical thinking process can be compared to the action
of pealing back on onion. The first layer is brown or red as we continue the process we get to the
nucleus of the onion. It is important to understand that critical thinking requires more thorough
approach to an idea or information, rather than just looking at the outer cover. We as students and as
people must think more than just on the surface. We must dig in to the subject and analyze or dissect
the subject and/or question at hand. Critical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I attend a car auction I use the critical thinking process before making a purchase. The
process allows me to weigh the pros and cons of purchasing a damaged or high mileage vehicle. The
first thing I take into consideration is the price of the vehicle and the black book value. Then I
determine if my shop can repair the car and if there will be enough profit for me to invest my time
and effort. The same process is used when I buy vehicles with no damage. The benefit of using
critical thinking and problem solving is a must in any transaction that a person or business is trying
to accomplish. Ethical Lens Inventory I agree with the completed ethical lens inventory (ELI ). I do
believe these assessments can be bias and geared towards convincing me to purchase something.
The ELI summed me up perfectly by stating that I used sensibility in my decision making and
equality. Those are the virtues that most military people have. Personal Ethics that Influence My
Decision Making When I think about what makes people who they are, personal Ethics comes to
mind. Basically those who demonstrate sound judgement and possess ethical behavior. Individuals
who stay within the boundaries of the law, in most cases, positively contribute to society. That being
said, my personal ethics will not allow me to rob a bank or snatch an old ladies pocket

Critical Reflection And Analysis
Critical reflection in education is very important because it impacts on pedagogical practices of the
early childhood educators and helps in developing child agency in effective learning contexts. In
this essay will explore, what critical reflection means and its key components, the process of critical
reflection and reflective practice is implemented in education, what impact is has on educators and
the development of child agency through critical reflection.
Critical reflection what does it mean? As a result of pulling the word apart, 'critical' itself has the
meaning 'important' and 'reflection' itself means 'evidence', therefore adding them together to get the
meaning 'important evidence'. Reflection helps teachers review and analysis ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The early year learning framework implements this to ensure all children experience learning that is
engaging and build's success for life (DEEWR, 2009, P.7). Through critical reflection, the role of the
teacher becomes more of an observer and documenter of children understandings and what they are
on the verge of understanding. Educators also come to new understandings, according to Freire
(1998, p.30), critical reflection on practice is a requirement of the relationship between theory and
practice, each day brings a new opportunity to reform pedagogy and increase professional capacity.
Educators are impacted by Critical reflection as the transforming early childhood education
continues to grow and strengthen from learning experiences and

Critical Analysis : Critical Thinking Essay
Critical thinking is the logically disciplined practice of dynamically and proficiently
conceptualizing, relating, combining, and assessing information assembled by observation,
knowledge, reflection, interpretation, or communication. There are six steps to critical thinking
which includes knowledge, comprehensions, applications, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. It
involves the use focused groups with similar skills to analyze and evaluate information that you read
or hear critically. Regarding critical thinking model, the first step which is knowledge requires one
to have the ability to spot what is being said on the topic. Comprehension is the next step which
means that you should understand the material you have seen, heard or read about and in so doing,
you relate the knowledge you have acquired with what already know. Application as the third step
requires that you be aware of what you have seen and read, figure it out and that you do some tasks
to relate what you understand to a real situation (Cottrell, 2011). The other step which is analysis
involves breaking what you read or hear into its parts so that you can clearly see how the ideas are
structured, linked, or connected to new ideas. Synthesis is the fifth step which involves the
capability of joining the parts you examined with other information to produce something unique.
The last step is evaluation which takes place once you have understood and examined what you read
and hear and the explanations are

Critical Analysis : Critical Paradigm
Critical Paradigm
The critical paradigm highlights and counters oppression, while attempting to redistribute resources
more appropriately (Weaver & Olson, 2006). The critical paradigm is often associated with various
movements such as feminist, grassroots and emancipator. Research conducted using a critical
paradigm is concerned with an uneven distribution of resources, empowerment, and emancipation
(Lutz, Jones, & Kendall, 1997). A patient's resources are the primary determinant of health choices
for patients. For example, a patient from a lower economic status is dependent on available
resources to make better health choices; often these choices are limited due to financial burden
(Butterfield, 2006). One of the goals of the critical paradigm is to understand inequities in patients'
socio–political backgrounds, in conjunction with active work to change these inequities (Lutz,
Jones, & Kendall, 1997; Weaver & Olson, 2006). Nurses should advocate for their patients, and
intervene at all levels, community, social and government (Butterfield, 2006).
Returning to the cancer patient in the previous exemplar, the nurse would establish the patient's
inability to attend all her radiation appointments. She did not have the energy to take a bus, and her
daughter was unable to drive her. The nurse, upon realizing that the patient is a minority from a poor
economic status would advocate for enhanced funding for driving assistance. By expanding the
availability of assistance

Critical Analysis: MLA Format
Critical Analysis
For the past week we have been learning about critical analysis essays. Before coming to
composition I didn't know much about critical analysis essays, I knew they were conducted in MLA
Format and they were basically a comparison between two books. After learning more in class I was
informed more in–depth about critical analysis essays. In class we were taught that critical analysis
essays are to essentially be a comparison between articles, books, and or anything else to help the
reader better understand the work. Critical analysis essays are to incorporate a thesis statement to
give readers something to engage in when reading your essay, it gives some idea of what this essay
is going to be about. When constructing a

John's Model Of Critical Analysis
John's (1994) model is divided into five subheadings; Description of the experience, Reflection,
Influencing factors, what could I have done to make the situation better and learning. The first stage
is the description of the experience which consists of four cue questions. The first one is the
'phenomenon which is also known as the experience itself. This is when you describe the here and
now experience of the situation. The second cue question is 'the cause of the experience'. A common
question asked is what essential factors are contributed to this experience. Thirdly is the context. A
question asked is what the significant background factors to this experience are. Lastly, clarifying is
being asked to 'put the experience back together and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reflective practice provides space for us individuals in order to develop a positive attitude towards
the uncertainty. Anzul and Ely (1988:27) expands on the understanding of reflective practice with
'The reflective practitioner makes a space. And while that space gives no guarantees, it allows us to
think again, to do again, and slowly to breach the stagnant moat between what most of us do and
what most of us know we should do'. Self–awareness is when you have a clear idea of your
personality including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivation and emotions (Gary Van
Warmerdam, 2014). By us as individuals having self–awareness, we are allowed to see where our
thoughts and emotions are taking us. In addition, it allows us to see the controls of our emotions,
personality and behaviour (Gary Van Warmerdam, 2014). For example: the author would be able to
reflect back on what they have done to weigh up their strengths and weaknesses and to find ways in
which they can execute their skills better in the

Social communication is increasingly becoming a subject of scientists' discussions from different
disciplines, as well as ordinary language users. In contemporary social sciences, especially in
linguistics, we see a clear shift to discourse. Discourse allows us to talk about use of the language,
as well as the language as a socio–cultural activity. In this sense, discourse, on one hand, reflects the
social reality, on the other hand, it shapes it, therefore participate in the creation and pass on
different values, ideologies and symbolic power. This essay aims to show the definition of Critical
Discourse Analysis and also show how useful it is for exploring issues of power and inequality in
relation to gender. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As pointed out by van Dijk (1993) one of the key objectives of the Critical Discourse Analysis is
also the understanding of the nature of power and domination. In his view, power is based on
privileged access to social resources, is widely considered as securities, such as wealth, income,
position, status, group membership, education and knowledge. However, dominance is defined as
the use of social power by elites, institutions or groups, contributing to the emergence of social
inequality (including – in political, cultural, class, ethnic, racial, and gender). The task of CDA is
then highlighting the role of discourse in the producing domination.
According to 'Studying the Media' dictionary, the complete and very well summing everything up
definition of Critical Discourse Analysis is:
'...a means of analysing texts based on linguistics and in recent times the theories of Foucault.
Discourse analysis identifies the culturally and socially produced sets of ideas and values that
structure texts and representations. It helps to identify abstract and ideological assumptions about
the world that may be implicitly contained in particular texts.'
Fairclough developed a three–dimensional framework for studying discourse, where the aim is to
map three separate forms of analysis onto one another: analysis of (spoken or written) language
texts, analysis of discourse practice (processes of text production, distribution and

Critical Literacy Analysis
Critical literacy can be defined as the ability to interpret and analyze text to form an opinion based
on the interpretation. Not only to form an informed opinion, but also to question texts and spoken
language. Critically literate citizens are more empowered in that it allows one to be versatile in
conversation and different situations, which is important in society today. A critically literate citizen
knows how to navigate conversation and "code shift" based on who their audience is. The purpose
of this assignment is to analyze the effectiveness of code shifting through two different emails, one
to a friend and one to a person of higher authority. In the emails, the writer is proving their critically
literacy and the ability to code shift by changing the tone and topic selections. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the email titled "seriously??", the writer starts off the email with a relaxed greeting. "Hey what's
up?" would never be used in a formal setting because that would be inappropriate and rude. The
writer goes on to talk about the unbecoming gestures her manager makes at her– "making comments
about my body saying he liked my butt AND he was trying to get me to go in the office with him.
GROSS!!!" Capitalization and multiple exclamation marks can be mistaken for aggression or
shouting, which is not suitable for a formal email. The receiver in a formal email would most likely
not even go on to read the rest of the message. In contrast, in the "Inappropriate Gestures" email, the
writer starts out with "Dear Mr.Whitley," which shows respect and a sense of politeness. Overall, the
capability to change tones to accomCarroll
!4
modate different audiences is a skill of a critically literate citizen and is important in society today
because it allows one to be versatile in their writing abilities.
The topic a writer selects to speak about determines the tone, diction, etc. In
"seriously??" the writer chose to begin with talking about the "nastiest crap" that her

Critical Incident Analysis In Nursing
Reflective Practice within Nursing has been defined 'as a process that develops understanding of
what it means to be a practitioner' (Rolfe, 1998) and follows on with the 'theory and practice
through the practitioner consciously thinking through the experience' (Jasper, 2003). This is of great
importance regarding a practitioner, especially one in learning, as they are able to develop a better
understanding of their role and offers support when learning new skills. In Nursing, Reflection plays
a huge role. Most of the opportunities to learn and develop knowledge come best when learnt
through practice and subsequently will be found in a practice environment. Upon qualification
nurses are registered with a professional body, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) and so
due to this are legally held accountable for their actions. This inevitably means that in ... Show more
Critical incident analysis therefore acts as an aid to Reflection by giving nurses a chance to vocalise
their feelings outwardly on a subject, it also a valuable learning aid as well the potential to use it
within professional portfolio's. Critical incident analysis may be used in various situations within
the workplace such as on the occasion of a medical error, interactions between patients and staff or
the details regarding a patient's death. This not only may be significant for an individual but may be
an experience that has affected the whole team at work further allowing wards the ability to
significantly enhance their care. Critical incident analysis should therefore lead to an eventual better
understanding of ways in which practice may be improved as one is not only focusing on an event
but is also analysing all possible circumstances, actions involved and outcomes of the

Example Of A Critical Analysis Essay
In the process of writing my Critical Research Essay the writing piece consisted of three pieces of
evidence. One of the readings/evidence that I used throughout my essay and which spoke to me the
most was Robert Smith, Mexican New York: Transitional Lives of New Immigrants. Throughout my
high school years, there was not enough information on the history of Mexicans living in the United
States and their position in this country. Although this essay was not opinionated based, this reading
was able to inform me on new information that I never learned in my previous years in school. It
was a reading that not only have I used as part of an essay, but a book that I consider to read for my
own use and recommend it to other kids that stand in the same position as me and with the ideas
surround throughout the book. It included ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout my critical analysis essay there was an objective tone instead of a subjective tone. This
tone helped me write a critical essay in which I included factual evidence and textual analysis
towards segmented assimilation which has had a great impact on the lives of young kids who have
parents that have a different culture than where they now live in. Instead of including emotions and
my own opinion on the situation, I used historical resources, via the web or journals, such as social
studies. I also had to include a counterclaim in order to argue anything that can prove my view
wrong. This also helped me see whether the evidence I provided was good enough to support my
thesis and let everyone see my reasoning for arguing the position I choose. Another important task I
had to keep in mind was to make sure I would not quote the authors to much, I wanted to use their
ideas to support my thesis, rather than just agreeing on the position they were stating throughout
their own

Critical Discourse Analysis Of The Speech Of Quaid E-Azam
Title
Critical Discourse Analysis of the speeches of Quaid–e–Azam.
Abstract
This work is about critical discourse analysis of the speeches of Quaid–e–azam. While doing a
critical discourse analysis Fairclough's three dimensional model is used for the present study.
Fairclough's three dimensional model involves Text, process of interpretation and process of
production. So in order to fulfill the criteria of three dimensional model six speeches of Quaid–e–
azam are selected in which the language of the speeches investigates to see how the text is delivered
by the speaker and how it is perceived by the listeners in that particular context. It aims to explore
the hidden ideologies and power relations as well as discursive strategies by using the principles of
CDA.
Statement of the problem and aims: This research work explores how language is used by the
leaders to achieve their goals in variety of social context. By applying Fairclough's three
dimensional model this work investigates how the hidden political, social aspects and power
relations are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the purpose of study twenty four articles are analyzed, these texts are regarded as discursive
examples of broader social practices. The aim of this research work is to explore the relationship of
specific discursive and generic patterns. It also explains and discusses questions, understanding of
the nature, form and function of academic knowledge production in society. It aims to show how
political and economic discourses, values and (changing) institutional contexts can shape academic
writing and how conversely academic discourse can play a role in shaping and reshaping relations in
and between institutions, social spheres and

Critical Thinking Analysis
In our classroom text, the authors Chaffee, McMahon, and Stout highlight four key factors that we
as writers and readers should include in our thoughts. "1. Thinking actively, 2. Thinking
independently, 3. Viewing a situation from different perspectives, 4. Supporting diverse perspectives
with evidence and reasons" (2008). In my early stages of maturity, I was trained to view our groups
and our personal beliefs as being the best choice compared to the other possible options on the
subject matter in question. We did this without even looking at what the other group was suggesting.
The question I should have asked myself was how do I know that our belief is the best choice to
follow? If the subject is a small matter like which candy bar is the best to eat. In that ... Show more
In most cases as a young person, you just believed that what they told you was true. As we matured,
we started thinking about situations using our own thoughts in work and in personal life. We still
listen and follow instructions when a superior in the workplace explains a situation to you, in most
cases you will probably not question the statement. However, some of us (myself included) like to
express our personal experience in the situation and look to make changes or possibly even agree
with the path that was chosen on the subject. From our assignment, the question asked which one of
the following I would rely on the most to support my opinion, people of authority, recorded
references, observed evidence, or personal experience. Because I can only chose, one I would select
recorded references, only because the information is from experiences. To add on to the subject, a
keyword makes the difference in how a person would select the information to use. That word is
experience, without experience, no one knows what will be the result of the

Critical Thinking : Critical Analysis
Critical thinking is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form judgements. As
individuals' we think for a purpose based on our point of views created by assumptions leading to
implications and consequences. We use information such as data, facts, and experiences to interpret
and create a path to answer outstanding questions. Dr. Richard Paul definition of critical thinking is
the "ability to think about one's thinking in such a way as, to recognize its strengths and weaknesses
and, as a result, to recast the thinking in improved forms" (Eichhorn, N.d.). This paper will attempt
to analyze the memorandum entitled, The Valedictorian of University of Maryland drops out of
school two weeks before graduation, using the eight steps of the Army Management Staff College's
(AMSC) critical thinking model. The AMSC stance on critical thinking includes the capability to
characterize the elementary principles of reasoning, which include purpose, question, information,
assumption, interpretation, concepts, implications, and point of view. These principles are than
assessed using "universal intellectual criteria and standards", such as clarity, accuracy, precision,
relevance, depth, breadth, and logicalness (Eichhorn, n.d.). The combination reasoning principles,
intellectual criteria and standards allow individuals to prevent their taking to become complacent
and to ensure that their thinking displays a mastery of strong intellectual knowledge, skills, and

Critical Analysis On Critical Thinking
Critical Self Reflection Essay
Critical thinking has been defined as the ability to be a disciplined thinker by using clear, rational,
open–minded, and informed by evidence. Critical thinking is a skill that takes years of practice to
master. In this essay I will reflect on my personal stage of critical thinking and what strengths and
weaknesses I currently have. This personal reflection will include what challenges I will face to
advance my critical thinking skills and what requirements a critical thinker must have. I will also go
into detail what a fair–minded thinker is and how this class can help to prepare me for the real world
and the challenges a fair–minded thinker can face.
What does Critical Thinking mean to me?
When I think of critical thinking and how I would define it, the simplest definition is having the
ability to solve or argue and issue by using unbiased, evidenced backed ideas. In any profession, a
person must have the ability to solve problems and work with others. Having a biased opinion and
not including other's ideas and opinions into your own thought forces you to not have an open mind
and limits expanded knowledge. In my career I have had to engage in multiple interviews. One of
the things I found interesting in all of them was the focus on individuals ability to use critical
thinking to solve complex, challenging issues. Many of the questions focused on past experiences or
situations where the individual used their critical thinking skills to solve

Critical Discourse Analysis Of President Bush Speech
Critical discourse analysis of president Bush speech at Tsinghua University, China
Safia Mujtaba Alsied
Sebha University
Abstract:
This paper is a critical discourse analysis of the speech of the former American president George
Bush at the University Tsinghua in Beijing in China which is one of the most famous universities in
China. This visit is considered as a third time visit by a US president to give a speech at a campus
university in China since the beginning of establishing a diplomatic relationship between China and
America in 1972. The subject of this study was in (22–2 2002) by the former U.S.A. president
George Bush ,and this speech was addressed to Chinese students .The central aim of Bush's speech
was to confirm the following issues: American ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(ed.), London, 258–284
Benke, G. (2000): "Diskursanalyse als sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungsmethode".
SWS Rundschau(2), 140–162
Wodak, R. (2000): "Recontextualisation and the transformation of meaning: a critical dis– course
analysis of decision making in EU–meetings about employment policies". In:
Sarangi, S./ Coulthard, M. (eds.): Discourse and Social Life. Harlow: Pearson Educa– tion, 185–206
Van Dijk , T.A. (1985): Prejudice in Discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins
Van Dijk, T.A. (1993): "Principles of critical discourse analysis". In: Discourse & Society, 4(2),
249–283.
James Paul Gee, 2005 An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. Routledge (Taylor and Francis)
Janks, H. (1997). 'Critical Discourse Analysis as a research tool', Discourse: Studies in the Cultural
Politics of Education, 18(3), 329–342.
Fairclough, Norman: Language and Power. Ch. three. London 1989.
Janks, Hillary: Critical Discourse Analysis as a research tool. In: Discourse: Studies in the Cultural
Politics of Educatuion, 18(3), 329–342. (1997). fairclough, Norman: The Discourse Analysis of
New Labour: Critical Discourse Analysis, 229–266.
In: Wetherell, M. (et al.): Discourse as Data. London

Malcolm X Critical Analysis
In 1946 Malcolm Malcolm X was convicted of robbery and received a 10 year sentence in
Charlestown prison. Here he taught himself how to read and write, using materials provided by the
prison's library to aid in his education; consequently, he also learned about the racial injustices
throughout history. After 7 years, Malcolm X was granted parole and released from prison and
joined the Civil Rights Movement under the name Malcolm X. In a section of his autobiography
Malcolm X argues the importance of critical thinking in educational and research purposes. Critical
thinking allows the reader to gauge whether the information gained from a particular source can be
accepted as fact, depending on how it fits into information given by other sources. He uses his
experiences, the texts that he used in his education, pathos arguments, and metaphor to further his
point.
The use of narrative as the medium forces Malcolm X to rely heavily on the experiences he had
while studying in prison to provide support for his argument. He provides sufficient evidence on
how he thinks the history of colored society should be portrayed and this is shown with a list of
texts that he has read during the course of his prison studies. One of the texts Malcolm X describes
provides strong examples of historical events that are not mentioned in the United States. The piece
Sex and Race by J.A Rogers "told about race–mixing before Christ's time; and Aesop being a black
man who told fables; and about

The critical thinking course helps you understand and stimulate your thinking process enables you
to think more clearly. Everyone uses thinking in their daily lives. However, not everyone uses their
thinking ability to the fullest. In a result, people make poor decisions and careless mistakes.
Thinking is an ability that constantly improved over the years. There are other reasons why you
should study about the thinking process. For example, college is one of the reasons. In college, you
absorb an abundance of information from various authors and must comprehend complex and
abstract ideas. The thinking processes are comprise of applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and
evaluating the information. You are able to understand the given information

Case Study for Critical Analysis
Case Study for Critical Analysis Commonwealth Worldwide Chauffeured Transportation Poompat
A. Nudshalai V. Kritthee U. MAGT/ORGANIZATION October 17, 2012 Introduction
Commonwealth Worldwide Chauffeured Transportation is a firm that provides a chauffeured
transportation services to business travelers. The company is founded by its current CEO, Dawson
Rutter, and was originally based in Boston, Massachusetts. Originally, Rutter, meant his company to
be small and simple, enabling him to have several days off in a week. However, within six years, the
company client base expands, thus presenting an opportunity to set a new benchmark for the
chauffeured transportation industry. Currently, Commonwealth ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We find that "finding the right people" is what Commonwealth should invest most heavily in.
Human Resources planning will determine what kind of workers will be hired and how will it effect
the company. Since interactions between the drivers and the customers are vital – this is why finding
the right people are substantial. The activities will also involve different sources of recruiting new
employees such as: advertising in newspapers, using social network (Facebook and etc.) or using
headhunters. Then they will be interviewed and screened whether they fit the company's need or not
(as mentioned in question #1). When the new employees have been accepted, the department will
also provide training of services that they will need to perform for the customers. Which in this case,
for examples: how to drive smoothly, how to handle the customers' belongings and etc. Along with
other trainings, they will be assign their tasks, duties, and responsibility that are required to be
performed in order to give to best impression to the customers. Since Dawson Rutter clearly stated
that human interactions are the most important in this line of work, finding the right people that are
able to perform the company's goal is the most important. 3. Suggest at least on idea for training,
one for performance evaluation, and one for compensation that might be used to develop and
maintain a

Critical Analysis: Critical Thinking And Reflection
2.1.1 Critical thinking and reflection Critical thinking is an attempt to ask and answer questions
systematically, to produce a coherent and credible story or argument. In critical thinking, evidences
and good reasons should be seek first prior to believing something to be true. A model to generate
critical thinking is suggested below. Figure 1 Model to Generate Critical Thinking (Courtesy of:
University of Plymouth) Critical thinking can support the reflection process, while the reflection
itself is the continuously observing at and discerning about our experiences, actions, feelings, and
responses, and afterwards analyzing them so that ones can learn from them (Boud et al., 1994;
Atkins and Murphy, 1994). According to Schon (1991), reflection can occurs after the activity has
been done when one is thinking about what he/she did, judging how successful he/she was, and
whether any changes to his/her action could have resulted in different outcomes. Through ... Show
Finally this is the time to deal with colleagues or others which have interrupted me earlier. I will call
or come to them to discuss their requests and concerns, some of them usually have been addressed
in the email which I have read earlier. During the discussion I always bring my notebook to write
down the necessary information. Subsequently, I will come back to my team and rearrange the tasks
and priorities if necessary. By this time some new emails will have been received and tasks and
priorities can again be rearranged as appropriate. 4. At the end of the day, I will recheck if most of
the tasks have been conducted or completed as expected. Some pending and unfinished tasks
usually will be given to the night shift or rearranged to be continued in the next day. Those routines
above are greatly supporting me to achieve my Key Performance Indicator (KPI). I rarely miss my
target / deadline, in fact our department is one of the best performing department in the company.
2.3.2 Reflection during my

Critical Review of Meta Analysis
A Critical Review of Meta–Analysis
Abstract
Meta–analysis has been much debated and criticized since its creation, and it has been argued that
systematic reviews are superior. The present study examined the reverse idea – that meta–analysis is
the superior method. A literature search was conducted of meta–analysis studies for psychotherapy
within the PsycINFO database. The resulting studies were further examined and classified as either
primary articles or secondary articles. Primary articles were further examined for secondary articles
associated with them. It was found that there was some criticism within the literature. The results
were compared to a study of systematic review literature conducted at the same time. The ... Show
As with any other process, meta–analysis has several disadvantages or weaknesses. It's been argued,
for example, that one of the weaknesses of meta–analysis is associated with the fact that it requires a
great amount of effort and expertise, and that currently there is a major drawback in the research
community of those who conduct them (Berkeljon & Baldwin, 2009). Lipsey & Wilson (2001) also
argued that meta–analysis often 'loses' a lot of valuable qualitative data (for example, the social
context of the study) because it aggregates only quantitative data. It is further argued that the
exclusion of such data may sometimes interfere with the process of arriving at the right conclusion
(Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). Other authors also argue that meta–analysis includes a mix of different
studies in a single review which could be very problematic (Berkeljon & Baldwin, 2009). For
example, Glass, McGraw & Smith (1981) referred to this as the "apples and oranges" problem,
arguing that different treatments and measures are given the same weight, when, in fact, they are not
always the same. This, Glass, McGraw, and Smith claimed, can result in a misrepresentation of the
measures used in each study, as well as their level of contribution to the review, which would skew
the results. Lastly, the weaknesses of meta–analysis have been noted by others to stem from the fact
that if poor quality studies or

Critical Thinking Summary And Analysis

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