1. 群聚與邊界
(Of groups and
borders)
Metzger, W. (2006). Laws of seeing
(L. Spillmann, Trans.). MIT Press.
(Original work published 1936)

2. 請嘗試閱讀下列文字
• Thelettersstillgroupintofamiliarwordswhenthespace
betweenthemareentirelyabsentbutreadinghasbecom
emuchharder.
• The letters still group into familiar words when the
space between the mare entirely absent but reading
has become much harder.

3. The effect of spacing
在無意義的相似形集合，間距的影響佔主導地
位。接近性原則不只在一開始決定什麼會視為
Figure 41
圖形，也決定什麼應該被組合在一起。

4. Gestalt laws work unchanged
despite partition and interruption
完形的規則不受分隔和間斷影響，當點的呈現
越接近被知覺的線段，則連接的線段會越清
楚，由點組成的圓形會被視為兩個圓，而非42
Figure 42

5. The mysterious canals on Mars
好的連續、簡單、封閉原則與在觸覺感知的
共同中心也可以像其他線段，成為圖形形象
表面的邊緣‵，圖中亦包含了錯覺組合。

6. The Face on Mars
空想性錯視/幻想性視錯覺（pareidolia）

7. Regular polygons from dots
Figure 43

8. What is the constellation?
Figure 44 & 45

9. The law of similarity in competition
with the law of proximity
相似原則抵銷接近原則
Figure 46

10. What do you see?
Figure 47

11. A few more applications of
Gestalt laws

14. •
•
•
•
相似律
連續律
接近律
閉鎖律
• 經驗？

18. The most important application in
nature: The abrupt color transition
as a border