2. INTRODUCTION
Knowledge
- Refers to awareness of or familiarity with various objects,
events, ideas, or ways of doing things.
Education
- Starting point of human activities.
- A knowledgeable person is accorded great respect in many
prophetic narrations.
- Prophet made seeking knowledge as an obligation upon
every Muslims.
- “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim”
(Al-Tirmidhi)
3. SIGNIFICANT OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM:
Bring us closer to Our creator.
The first verse to be revealed in Quran is “Iqr’a”, means
“read”, which is implies the concept of ‘learning’, ‘exploring’ and
‘seeking enlightenment’.
The importance of education has been emphasized
repeatedly in the Qur’an:
“My Lord, increase me in Knowledge.”
(Surah Taha, verse 114)
This verse shows that whatever we know is limited and we
need asking Allah to increase our knowledge.
4. Continue…
Hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah notes:
“When a man dies, his act to an end, but three, recurring
charity, or knowledge (by which people) benefit, or a
pious son who pray for him (the deseased)”
(Sahih Muslim, Book 12, Hadith 4005)
This hadith also show that Prophet Muhammad pbuh also
emphasize the importance of knowledge.
5. THE AIMS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
• To provide the teachings of Holy Quran as
the primary sources of education.
• To develop piety and faith among the
followers.
• To provide understanding that knowledge
without the basis in faith and religion is in
complete education.
• To encourage international brotherhood
irrespective of different in races and origins.
6. IMPORTANT OF KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAM:
1. A none disputable matter.
2. Complete human mind’s training.
3. Knowledge bring a good reward.
4. Lighten up someone’s life.
7. 5 ETIQUETTES OF LEARNING:
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah had stated 5
etiquettes of learning:
1.Asking questions in a good manner.
2.Remaining quiet and listening attentively.
3.Understanding well.
4.Memorising.
5.Teaching.
8. THE ROLE OF MOSQUE
• The role of mosque as a place for educational
purposes had remained one of its main
characteristics throughout history.
• Anywhere Islam began, mosque was
established first and basic religious and
educational instruction began.
• Once established, mosque developed into
well-known places of learning.
10. Kuttab means maktab, school or writer (katib).
Found from remote villages to large urban neighborhoods.
Kuttab usually attached together with the mosque.
Kuttab was a type of voluntary educational institutions
designed to furnish Muslim children with a basic education -
reading, writing and Islamic studies ( qiraat or Quranic
recitation).
The curriculum resolved around the memorization of the
Quran, together with practical instruction in basic religious
duties.
Other subjects also could be taught depending on the
availability of the teachers.
Khalifa Umar Al Khattab introduced new subject: swimming,
archery and riding horses.
KUTTAB
11. Kuttab educational was characterised by a strict system of
learning.
The students sitting on the floor around their muallim in a
semicircle writing their lessons on a tablet and then repeat
it back for correction.
Sufyan bin Umayyah bin Abdul Syams and Abu Qais
Abdul Manaf bin Zuhrah bin Kilab.
Two types of kuttab:
CONT...
To teach on how
to write and
read from the
Arabic poetry.
To teach the
Quran and all
Islamic
principles.
12. Kuttab were expanded during the Umyyad time.
The differences of curriculum of kuttab.
CONT...
Morocco (Maghribi)
Emphasize
more on
reading the
Quran.
Sepanyol (Andalusia)
Focussed
more on reading
and writing.
13. THE EVOLUTION OF
KUTTAB
Prophet Muhammad and
Khulafa Ar Rasyidin.
Learn on how to write
and read the Arabic
poetry.
Carried out in a
teacher house ( Arqam
bin Aqram)
In Madinah: attached
with masjid.
Umayyad
Kuttab were
expanded to
attached together in
a palace.
To teach khalifah`s
children.
Teacher in a palace
was known as
muaddib.
14. A Muslim place of worship
The concept of mosque was originated during the time of
Prophet Muammad SAW life - he built the first mosque
during his prophethood in Medina.
In the early centuries of Islam, the mosque served as a center
of an educational center where all the forms of educational
activities took place.
The companions used to memorize and record the sayings of
the Prophet Muhammad within the mosque.
As a center for dawah among who would like to ask about
Islam - non Muslim also encourage to come to the mosque.
MOSQUE
15. Mosque played as a great part in the spread
of education.
The mosque could develop into well-known
place of learning- libraries,kuttab.
The first school connected with a mosque was
set up at Medinah in 653 CE.
The basic format of mosque education was
the study circle, halaqa.
CONT...
16. In the early Islamic era, the mosque was used for the
teaching of one or more of the Islamic Sciences and literary
arts.
After mid ninth century, more subjects were taught in the
mosque : astronomy, engineering and mathematic.
Mosque of Amr ibn al-As in Egypt, between the two evening
prayers, the mosque was crowded with clases in law, Quranic
study, philosophy and ethics.
In Iraq, engineering and astronomy were taught in the
mosque of Baghdad and students came from Syria, Persia
and India to learn.
THE ROLES OF THE MOSQUES
17. The mosque gradually took on wider functions on
top of learning.
In tenth century, Badr ibn Hasanawaih, the
governor of provinces under the Buyid was
introduced the masjid with khan or inn as a
student`s hostel.
The mosque was connected to a building which
served as a school and as a hostel for poor students.
CONT...
18. The earliest education institution in Islam was
kuttab.
Curriculums in the mosque were much more
advance: hadith,tafsir,fiqh (kalam)
Kuttab and mosque were the earliest educational
institutions in the Islamic civilization.
Later on it was expanded to the madrasah and
universities.
CONCLUSION
20. MADRASAHS:
❏ Came in variety of shapes and size, ex :
Madrasah,Khans,mosques, and academic of diverse
sorts.
❏ Besides universities,Madrasahs,or colleges also one
of the institutions initiated by the muslims.
❏ Earliest Madrasas was known as Mustansiriyah was
founded in 631 H/1234 CE by Caliph Al-Mustansir.
❏ The structure of Madrasah : some were small with
one or two classrooms,with huge library and
facilities,lecture halls.
21. continue..
❏ Students studied subjects included traditional
linguistic,legal and religious subjects,arithmetic,etc.
❏ The library (Dar al-Kutub) had rare books dealing
with various sciences.
❏ Pens and papers were supplied for students
❏ Students also received medical care and financial aid.
❏ Attached to a hospital with a dispensary and rooms
for learning medicine.
22. continue..
❏ A madrasah for women was established in Cairo in 634H by
the daughter of the Mamluk Sultan Tahir
❏ The spread of Madrasah was so rapid in the medieval times;73
colleges in Damascus,41 in Jerusalem,40 in Baghdad,14 in
Aleppo and later counted about 1500 Madrasas.
❏ Inside Al-Aqsa Mosque;Madrasah Farisiya,Nahriya and
Nasiriya and outside it;were Qataniya,Fakriya,Al-Baladiya
and The Tankeziya.
❏ Madrasahs within and around Al-Aqsa were built by Turkish
women.
23. UNIVERSITIES
❏ Ez-Zitouna in Tunisia was among the earliest
university,then Al-Azhar 970,Cairo and Al-
Qarawiyyin was founded in Fes,Morocco ( AD 859)
❏ Al-Qarawiyyin,originally was a mosque.
❏ Among the subjects
taught,Qur’an,Fiqh,grammar,rhetoric,etc
❏ Producing a number of profile scholars; Abu
Abdullah Al-Sati,Abu Abbas al- Zawawi.
24. continue..
❏ Various sultans providing it with
subsidies,gifts,books
❏ University compiled on excellent selection of
manuscripts,mawatta,imam malik.
26. University of Ez-Zitouna
❏ Was first established in 737
and subsequently
modernised in 1956.
❏ Subjects
taught;theology,Qur’an,jurisp
rudence,history,etc.
❏ Ibn Khaldun,first social
historian was one of its
products.
❏ Ez-Zitouna libraries among
the richest in North African
counterparts.
27. University of Al-Azhar
❏ Renowned as “Sunni Islam’s
most prestigious university”
❏ It students studied
Qur’an,islamic
law,logic,grammar,etc.
❏ Was one of the first universities
in the world.
❏ Its library is considered second
importance in Egypt only to
the Egyptian National Library
and Archives.
28. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE MADRASAS AND UNIVERSITIES
❏ Madrasahs and universities later served as models
for European universities.
❏ Al-Qarawiyyin, a leading role in the culture
exchange;Muslims and Europe.
❏ Gerbert of Aurillac, who studied in there,introduced
the use of zero and Arabic numerals to Europe
❏ Structure and architecture of the building in the
Europe influenced by Islamic architecture.
30. BACKGROUND:
• Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya Al-Qurashiya.
• Daughter of a wealthy merchant of Qayrawan.
• Fatima Al-Fahri left Qayrawan with her father for Fes in the
West.
• Fes was the center of attention in Al-Maghrib and held the
promises of fortune and happiness.
• Fatima’s family settled in River Fes and married.
• Her father, Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Fihri, had become
a hugely successful businessman.
• After the deaths of her father, husband and brother in short
succession, Fatima and her only sibling, Mariam received a
sizeable inheritance.
31. • Having received a good education, the sisters in turn
hastened to dedicate all of the wealth to the
community.
• After observing that the local mosque in Fes could not
accommodate the growing population of Muslims,
many of whom were refugees from Islamic Spain,
Mariam built the breathtaking Andalusian Mosque in
859 CE.
• While Fatima in her part, founded the Al-Qarawiyyin
Mosque and University which considered as the oldest
continually operating degree granting university.
32. AL-QARAWIYYIN UNIVERSITY:
• Founded by Fatimah Al-Fahri in 859 CE.
• Located in Fes, Morocco.
• Located within the compounds of the mosque that expand to
become the largest enclosed mosque in continent of Africa.
• Also one of the leading spiritual and educational centres of the
historic Muslim World.
• Capacity of this university were 22000 people.
• The university attracted scholars from all over the world.
• The university served as a bridge of knowledge between Africa
and between the Middle East and Europe.
• Most student range between 13 to 30 and study towards high
school-level diplomas and a university-level bachelor’s degree.
33.
34. CURRICULUM OF AL-QARAWIYYIN
UNIVERSITY:
• Focused on the religious sciences in classical Arabic
grammar and Maliki law.
• Covered other disciplines such as grammar, geography,
history, mathematics, medicine, chemistry and
astronomy.
• Student of Qarawiyyin are required to have memorized
the Qur’an and good command of Classical Arabic.
• When Muslim were expelled from Spain in the 13th
century, many come to Fes and Qarawiyyin.
• They brought with them their learning of European and
Moorish arts and sciences.
35. IBN KHALDUN ABDEL KARIM ALLAL EL FASSI SEBASTIANO
FATIMA ZAHRAE
KABBAJ
SYEIKH TAJ EL DIN AHMAD AL
GHUMARI HASAN AL-BANNA
MAIMONIDES
FAMOUS ALUMNI
36. AL-QARAWIYYAH LIBRARY
• The world’s greatest libraries.
• Founded in 1349 by Sultan Abu Inan and completely
restructured under King Mohammed V.
• The Qarawiyyin library is one of the oldest and highly
respected libraries in the world.
• The library’s collection of over 4000 manuscripts, the
earliest collection of Islamic and the famous Muwatta
of Imam Malik written on gazelle parchment.
• There also have 12th
century copy of the Gospel of
Mark in Arabic.
39. Outline:
• How did Al-Azhar in Cairo rise its
prominence?
• The name origin.
• The Curriculum: The past and present.
• List of significant scholars
40.
41. How did Al-Azhar in Cairo rise its prominence?
• The Abbasid Caliphate (the current place of Iraq) in the phase
of 447-656 Hijri (1056-1258 CE) began to dwindle and go
through weaknesses until its decline in 1258 CE.
• There was much need for a centre of knowledge and learning
to protect the Islamic knowledge and accommodate the
students as well as the scholars.
• Due to the political scenario in the Middle East during that
time, the Fatimid who ruling Tunisia (909 CE), the current
place of Morocco came to Egypt to expand the state and took
over Egypt- a convenient centre of Syria, Palestine, Arabia and
Mediterranean Islands.
42. • The leader of Fatimid- Al-Mui’zz li-Din Allah built
the city of Qahirah (Cairo) to be their new capital in
• It is a tradition in those days which they established the
centre of learning, built a big mosque and they named
it as Al-Azhar.
• The Al-Azhar Mosque during that time is much more
smaller than a current mosque that we have nowadays
because of it has been expanded through generations.
• Fatimid started a lot of circles for teaching of Islamic
Jurisprudence according to their school of thought
which is Shiah and other activities related to Shi’ites
teaching in the mosque.
43. • When Fatimid state dwindle and terminated in the hand of
Salahuddin al-Ayyubi, the mosque that has been seen by
him as the centre of Shiism and Shiah teaching was closed for
100 years after he banned all the activities related to the
Fatimid’s school of thought and managed to transform the
Shiism into Sunni.
• Egypt that day became a safe place for Muslim from all over
places because Muslim world was hit hard by the Crusaders also
Mongol and Tatar.
• Many immigrant of Muslim that were kicked out from Spain
also ended up in Morocco and other Muslim came to Egypt.
• They started teaching in Al-Azhar Mosque as if it is kind of help
from Allah for preserving the knowledge, the students and the
scholars during that time.
44. Origin of the name:
1. The mosque named as Al-Azhar because the
area was full of flowers.
2. Fatimid claimed that they came from the
lineage of Fatima Zahra, the daughter of
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
45. The Curriculum: Beginning of Al-Azhar
• The studies in Al-Azhar began in October
(Ramadhan) 975 CE, when Chief Justice Abul Hasan
Ali ibn Al-No'man gave a number of lectures
teaching the book "Al-Ikhtisar", on Shiite
Jurisprudence.
• Al-Mu'iz's successor, his son Al-‘Aziz (975-996
CE), officially introduce formal university study
schemes due to the popularity of these lectures and
other courses in the form of public seminars.
46. • Teachers were, for the first time, recruited with formal
salaries and students were enrolled on to a full boarding
system providing them with meals and accommodation,
need to focus more on education rather than return to
their hometown frequently.
• Since then Al-Azhar's fame began to rise with its courses
and subjects such as Qur'anic sciences, authentic saying
(hadeeth) and tradition of Prophet Muhammed
(seerah) as well as sciences such as philosophy, literature,
chemistry, astronomy, medicine, mathematics,
geography and history.
