The document discusses the concept of Imamah from both the Sunni and Shia perspectives. It explains that Imamah refers to the doctrine that religious figures known as Imams are rightfully the central leaders of the Muslim community. For Sunnis, an Imam is a worship leader or religious scholar, while for Shias the Imams are successors to the Prophet Muhammad who possess divine authority. The document outlines the qualifications for the Sunni caliphate and the duties of the caliph. It also describes the different branches of Shia Islam and their views on Imamah and the number and lineage of Imams.

1. AL-IMAMAH
(‫اإلمامة‬)
PRESENTED BY:
1) NURSHAHIRA NARISHA (1712116)
2) AISHAH BINTI TAIB (1710508)
3) AINI NAJIHAH BINTI ADNAN (1715084)
4) NUR HAZIMAH BINTI SHAFEE (1711122)

2. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF IMAMAH (‫)إمامة‬ ?
 The doctrine that the figures known as imams are rightfully the central figures
of the ummah
 The root cause of our difference is Imamah.
Afriqi states:
There is no gain saying that of all differences that exist between the Ahl
as-Sunnah and the Shi‘ah, the issue of Imamah is by far the most
serious. It is in fact quite within the limits of reason and logic to say that
the question of Imamah is the root of all Sunni-Shi‘i differences; all other
differences will upon closer scrutiny be found to result from the difference
that exists on that central point.

3. IN SUNNI PERSPECTIVE

4. 1. The terms of Imam
Imam (/ɪˈmɑːm/; Arabic: ‫إمام‬ imām; plural: ‫أئمة‬ aʼimmah) is an Islamic
leadership position.
• It is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque
and Muslim community among Sunni Muslims.
• In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, serve as
community leaders, and provide religious guidance.
• The term is also used for a recognized religious scholar or authority in
Islam, often for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or
schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).

5. 2. Khilafa and Khalifa / Caliph
The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor
of Muhammad.
• Khilafa is a related Arabic word which, in the context of Islam, is
used to denote the government of the Muslim state, of which
the Khalifa is the head.
• Khilafa is president and presidency or king and monarchy.
• The Khilafa is a fard kifaya on the ummah.

6. 4 Caliphs of Islam

7. The prerequisites to becoming
the Khalifa:
1. The Khalifa must be Muslim.
2. He must be a man.
“The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬‫م‬‫و‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬‫و‬َّ‫ل‬ َ‫و‬‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫ة‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ر‬‫ام‬
A people will not succeed who are commanded by a woman.”
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4163, Grade: Sahih
3. He must be knowledgeable in Islam, and be able to make
independent decisions if necessary.

8. 4. He must be just, have good morals, and be trustworthy.
5. He must be physically able, spiritual, brave, and helpful to protect the
ummah against its enemies.
6. He must be politically, militarily, and administratively experienced.
7. He must be from the tribe of Quraish because they used to be the
leading tribe, the majority.
This is based on the Hadith of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam),
"The Khalifas are Quraishi." (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah Vol.12 Pg.170) .

9. The source of Islamic leadership principles
1- The Holy Quran
- It is the last and complete edition of divine guidance and teaches the success and leadership
principles which can guide life towards success and highest attainment.
2- The Prophet
- ‫ٱ‬ َ‫و‬ َ َّ‫ٱَّلل‬ ۟‫وا‬ُ‫ج‬‫ر‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫َة‬‫ن‬َ‫س‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ َ‫و‬‫س‬ُ‫أ‬ ِ َّ‫ٱَّلل‬ ِ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬ َ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ل‬َ َّ‫ٱَّلل‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ر‬ ِ‫اخ‬َ‫ء‬‫ٱل‬ َ‫م‬‫و‬َ‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ير‬َِِ‫ك‬(٢١)
There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose
hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.
3- The Wise Caliph and Pious Follower
-The Caliphs were ideal leaders who guided their followers to the Right Path and discharged their
duties as leaders in exemplary and extremely humane manner.

10. 4- Shura
ُ‫ر‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ة‬‫لو‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬‫اس‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ش‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ف‬
(38. And those who answer the Call of their Lord, and perform the Salah, and who (conduct) their
affairs by mutual consultation, and who spend of what We have bestowed on them.)
There is no fixed size for this group, however, it is generally agreed that it should not be too
large.
Muslim scholars have established some basic prerequisites which the members of the Majlis-
ash-Shura should have to become part of that group.
All agree that the members must be
1- adults (in Islam, this means anyone who has entered puberty),
2- sane

11. Other prerequisites, while generally agreed upon, differ slightly from scholar to scholar :
• Al-Mawardi has written that each member should satisfy three conditions:
- he must be just,
- he must have enough knowledge of Islam to differentiate between a potentially good Khalifa and a bad one
- he must have sufficient wisdom and judgment to select the best leader
• Al-Juwayni has four conditions for the Majlis-ash-Shura:
- a man
- knowledgeable
- above average relatively
- Muslim
• Al-Baghdadi believed that the Khalifa and the Majlis-ash-Shura should be selected from amongst those who can
choose wisely

12. The duties and responsibilities of the Khalifa
1.Safeguard Islam in its original form, and to protect against the introduction of new things
(bid'a) into Islam.
2. Establish justice (including punishments for crimes) among the people.
3. Ensure the protection of the ummah. People within the boundaries of the Muslim state
(regardless of whether they are Muslims or not) should feel secure enough to be productive.

13. 4. Collect and distribute zakat and the spoils of war according to the Qur'an and
Sunnah (and ijtihad, if necessary
5. Hire honest people as helpers, aides, governors, etc. The Khalifa must appoint to
public office those who are competent and who can give good advice.
6. Be heavily involved personally in the acts of governing.

15.  Shia (/ˈʃiːə/; Arabic: ‫شيعة‬ Shīʿah, from Shīʿatu ʿAlī, "adherent of Ali")
 Definition: Shia is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic
prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (leader) after him.
 that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true
successor.

16.  Founded by Abdullah Bin Saba’
 He was a jews from Yemen that came to Yemen and play an act
loyal with Islam at the end of Khalifah Uthman age.
 He was the one who killed Uthman Bin Affan R.A. and the one
who started the syiah ideologi by worshipping Ali.

17. Pillars of Iman Pillars of Islam
Tawhid Solah
Adl Zakat
Nubuwwah Sawm/fasting
Imamah Hajj
Mi’ad Wilayah (Imamah)

18. Groups of shia can be divided into 5 main flows of ideas:
 1. Kaisaniah
 2. Imamiah
 3. Zaidiah
 4. Ghulat
 5. Ismailiah

19.  in Shia Islam, the Imamah is the doctrine (creed/dogma/belief) that the figures known as
Imam are rightfully the central figures of the ummah. the entire Shi’ites system of doctrine
focuses on the imamah. Shi'ites believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful
successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and
authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These
Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as
guidance

20. imamiyah
ismailiyah
zaidiah

21. • the Shi'as who follow the twelve imam
from the beginning of ali bin abi thalib
to Muhammad almuntaha.
• Also know as syia ja’fariah
• Their imam are considered to be
ma’sum but do not accept revelation.
• knowing that their twelve imam
muhammad mahdi qaim bilhujjah
would appear as a imam mahdi.
• his followers are about 90% of the Iran
population and a large number of Iraq
and Lebanon.

23. • a group of seven imam known as
ismailiyyah because they demand that
ismail bin jafar shadiq be made the
seventh imam also known as syiah
bathaniyyah.

24. • The followers of zaid ali bin
husein are now living in yaman
• finding the position of the great
sinners is between faith and
disbelief.
• knowing that human deeds are
done by non-God Almighty
people.
• is categorized as the Shi'ah closest
to the Sunni.

25. Syia zaidiah Syia ismailiyah Syia imamiyyah
Legitimacy
against
caliph abu
bakar, umar
and uthman
- Admit the leadership -not admit a
leadership
-not admit a
leadership
Descendant
of fatimah
-must coming from
fatimah
-must coming from
descendent husein
-must coming from
descendent husein.
Imam
ma’sum
-from the family of
fatimah
All imam All imam
The
validition of
imam
-revolution -taqiyyah -taqiyyah

26. Syiah zaidiah Syiah imamiyah Syiah ismailiyah
‫السلطة‬‫التنفيذ‬
‫مجتهد‬
‫التنفيذ‬ ‫السلطة‬
‫مجتهد‬
‫التنفيذ‬ ‫السلطة‬
‫التشريعية‬ ‫السلطة‬
‫السلطة‬‫القضاية‬

27. 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamah_(Shia)
3. https://irfangigih.wordpress.com/2011/12/08/imamah-dalam-bingkai-
syiah-dan-ahlus-sunnah/
4. http://www.shiapen.com/comprehensive/imamate/sunni-
doctrine.html
5. https://www.al-islam.org/imamate-and-leadership-sayyid-mujtaba-
musavi-lari/lesson-24-method-choosing-imam-or-leader
REFERENCES