Docker for Developers - Sunshine PHP

Docker for PHP
Developers
Chris Tankersley
@dragonmantank
Sunshine PHP 2017
Sunshine PHP 2017 1

What Is Docker?
“Docker is an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build,
ship, and run distributed applications. Consisting of Docker Engine, a
portable, lightweight runtime and packaging tool, and Docker Hub, a
cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows,
Docker enables apps to be quickly assembled from components and
eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production
environments.”
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https://www.docker.com/whatisdocker/

Containers
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Normal Bare-Metal Server
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CPU RAM HD Network
Operating System
nginx PHP DB

Virtual Machines
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CPU RAM HD Network
Operating System
nginx PHP DB
Operating System
nginx PHP DB
Operating System
Hypervisor

Containers
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CPU RAM HD Network
Operating System
nginxnginx PHP DB PHP DB

Containers Are Not New
• LXC (Linux Containers)
• OpenVZ
• Systemd-nspawn
• Qemu/kvm
• BSD Jails
• Solaris Zones
• chroot
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Docker is an Ecosystem
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Docker Engine

Docker is an Ecosystem
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Docker ComposeDocker Machine Docker Swarm

How does it work?
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Uses a variety of existing
Container technologies
Server Containers
Hyper-V Containers xhyve Virtualization

Sorry OSX < 10.10 and Windows < 10 Users
Docker Toolbox

Let’s use Docker

Running a container
• `docker run` will run a container
• This will not restart an existing container, just create a new one
• docker run [options] IMAGE [command] [arguments]
• [options ]modify the docker process for this container
• IMAGE is the image to use
• [command] is the command to run inside the container
• [arguments] are arguments for the command

Running a simple shell

What’s Going On?
Ubuntu Kernel
/
+ bin/
+ etc/
+ dev/
+ home/
+ usr/
+ var/
+ lib/
+ …
nginx
bash
/
+ bin/
+ etc/
+ dev/
+ home/
+ usr/
+ var/
+ lib/
+ …
php

Running Two Webservers

Some Notes
• All three containers are 100% self contained
• Docker containers share common ancestors, but keep their own files
• `docker run` parameters:
• --rm – Destroy a container once it exits
• -d – Run in the background (daemon mode)
• -i – Run in interactive mode
• --name – Give the container a name
• -p [local port]:[container port] – Forward the local port to the container port

Modifying a running container
• `docker exec` can run a command inside of an existing container
• Use Volumes to share data

Persistent Data with Volumes
• You can designate a volume with –v
• Create a named volume with `volume create`
• Volumes can be shared amongst containers
• Volumes can mount data from the host system

Mounting from the host machine

Mounting from the host isn’t perfect
• The container now has a window into your host machine
• Permissions can get screwy if you are modifying in the container
• Most things it creates will be root by default, and you probably aren’t root on
the host machine
• Host-mounted volumes are not portable at all
• OSX and Hyper-V VMs have limited pathings to mount
• OSX has poor I/O performance

Named Data Volumes
• Creates a space that becomes persistent
• Can be mounted anywhere inside your images
• Have our app containers use the data volume to store data
• Use ‘editor containers’ to go in and modify data when needed

vim Tutorial
• vim is a Modal text editor
• ESC will drop you back to default mode
• :new /opt/webconfig/default to create a new file
• In default mode, i will get us into interactive (edit) mode
• :w to save a file
• :q will quit

Mounting Data Volumes

Why go through the hassle?
• Data volumes are portable, depending on the driver
• Data volumes are safer
• Separates the app containers from data
• Production can use a data volume, dev can use a host volume
• Our app containers stay small
• Works directly with other tools

Networking

Networking
• Docker can create multiple network “pools”
• Each container gets an IP address
• Containers can be attached to multiple networks
• Docker network allow service discovery inside networks

Legacy - Docker Links
• Legacy Links work with `--link`
• Only works on the legacy “bridge” network
• Doesn’t support service discovery
• Not worth it to use anymore

Docker Networks
• Discreet IP pool for containers
• Containers can be added and removed to the network at whim
• Service discovery though ‘--network-alias’
• Can be set up to work across hosts

Create a network

Attach to a network

Ping the web container

Add another web and kill web1

BREAK TIME! WOO!

Other Helpful Commands

Inspect a container
docker inspect [options] CONTAINER_NAME
• Returns a JSON string with data about the container
• Can also query
• docker inspect -f “{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}” web_server
• Really handy for scripting out things like reverse proxies

Work with images
• docker pull IMAGE – Pulls down an image before using
• docker images – Lists all the images that are downloaded
• docker rmi IMAGE – Deletes an image if it’s not being used

Containerizing An Application

Our Goals
• Not change our workflow (much)
• Run PHP 7, Unit Tests, and webserver
• Deploy “easily”

Just try and run it
docker run -d --name d4dapp
-v C:dragoProjectsdockerfordevs-app:/var/www/
-p 8080:80
php:apache

Checking Logs
• Containers log to stdout/stderr
• Docker aggregates the logs
• Can be viewed with docker logs

Custom Images
• PHP images are pretty bare
• Lots of times need to install extensions

Dockerfile
• Dockerfile is the configuration steps for an image
• Can be created from scratch, or based on another image
• Allows you to add files, create default volumes, ports, etc
• Can be used privately or pushed to Docker Hub

docker/Dockerfile
FROM php:apache
RUN a2enmod rewrite

Build it
docker build -t tag_name ./
• This runs through the Dockerfile and generates the image
• We can now use the tag name to run the image

Build it
docker build -t d4dapp docker/

Use the new image
docker run -d --name d4dapp
-p 8080:80
d4dapp

Use the new image

Slightly better

Install Dependencies

Running Composer
docker run --rm
-v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer
-v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app
-v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh
composer/composer
install

Look at queues!

docker/Dockerfile
FROM php:apache
RUN a2enmod rewrite
&& docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql

Rebuild it

Rebuild the image

Rebuild the container
$ docker rm -f d4dapp
$ docker run -d --name d4dapp
-p 8080:80
d4dapp

Progress!

Docker Compose

What is Docker Compose?
• Multi-container orchestration
• A single config file holds all of your container info
• Works with Docker Swarm and a few other tools, like Rancher

Sample docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
volumes:
mysqldata:
driver: local
services:
d4dapp:
build: ./docker/
volumes:
- ./:/var/www/
ports:
- 8080:80
mysqlserver:
image: mysql
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: dockerfordevs
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 's3curep@assword'
volumes:
- mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql

No longer use docker run
$ docker rm –f d4dapp
$ docker-compose up -d

Now we have 2 containers

Config for DB now points to the service
name
<?php
return [
'debug' => true,
'config_cache_enabled' => false,
'db' => [
'driver' => 'Pdo_Mysql',
'hostname' => 'mysqlserver',
'port' => '3306',
'database' => 'dockerfordevs',
'user' => 'root',
'password' => 's3curep@assword',
],
];

Install our DB Migration Software
docker run --rm
-v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer
-v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app
-v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh
composer/composer
require robmorgan/phinx

Set up phinx
docker run --rm
-v C:UsersdragoProjectsdockerfordevs-app:/app
-w /app
php:cli php vendor/bin/phinx init

Run the migration
docker run --rm
-w /app
--network dockerfordevsapp_default
php:cli php vendor/bin/phinx migrate

Let’s use the existing container
docker run --rm
-w /app
--network dockerfordevsapp_default
dockerfordevsapp_d4dapp php vendor/bin/phinx migrate

It Lives!

Other Tools

Docker Ecosystem
• Docker Machine
• Docker Swarm

Thank You!
• Software Engineer for InQuest
• Author of “Docker for Developers”
• https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs
• Co-Host of “Jerks Talk Games”
• http://jerkstalkgames
• http://ctankersley.com
• chris@ctankersley.com
• @dragonmantank

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