Docker for Developers - PNWPHP 2016 Workshop

1. Docker for PHP Developers Chris Tankersley @dragonmantank Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 1

2. What Is Docker? “Docker is an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship, and run distributed applications. Consisting of Docker Engine, a portable, lightweight runtime and packaging tool, and Docker Hub, a cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows, Docker enables apps to be quickly assembled from components and eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production environments.” Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 2 https://www.docker.com/whatisdocker/

3. Containers Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 3

4. Normal Bare-Metal Server Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 4 CPU RAM HD Network Operating System nginx PHP DB

5. Virtual Machines Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 5 CPU RAM HD Network Operating System nginx PHP DB Operating System nginx PHP DB Operating System Hypervisor

6. Containers Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 6 CPU RAM HD Network Operating System nginxnginx PHP DB PHP DB

7. Containers Are Not New • LXC (Linux Containers) • OpenVZ • Systemd-nspawn • Qemu/kvm • BSD Jails • Solaris Zones • chroot Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 7

8. Docker is an Ecosystem Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 8 Docker Engine

9. Docker is an Ecosystem Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 9 Docker ComposeDocker Machine Docker Swarm

10. How does it work? Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 10 Uses a variety of existing Container technologies Server Containers Hyper-V Containers xhyve Virtualization

11. Sorry OSX < 10.10 and Windows < 10 Users Docker Toolbox Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 11

12. Let’s use Docker Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 12

13. Running a container • `docker run` will run a container • This will not restart an existing container, just create a new one • docker run [options] IMAGE [command] [arguments] • [options ]modify the docker process for this container • IMAGE is the image to use • [command] is the command to run inside the container • [arguments] are arguments for the command Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 13

14. Running a simple shell Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 14

17. What’s Going On? Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 17 Ubuntu Kernel / + bin/ + etc/ + dev/ + home/ + usr/ + var/ + lib/ + … nginx bash / + bin/ + etc/ + dev/ + home/ + usr/ + var/ + lib/ + … php

18. Running Two Webservers Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 18

26. Some Notes • All three containers are 100% self contained • Docker containers share common ancestors, but keep their own files • `docker run` parameters: • --rm – Destroy a container once it exits • -d – Run in the background (daemon mode) • -i – Run in interactive mode • --name – Give the container a name • -p [local port]:[container port] – Forward the local port to the container port Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 26

27. Volumes Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 27

28. Modifying a running container • `docker exec` can run a command inside of an existing container • Use Volumes to share data Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 28

29. Persistent Data with Volumes • You can designate a volume with –v • Create a named volume with `volume create` • Volumes can be shared amongst containers • Volumes can mount data from the host system Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 29

30. Mounting from the host machine Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 30

35. Mounting from the host isn’t perfect • The container now has a window into your host machine • Permissions can get screwy if you are modifying in the container • Most things it creates will be root by default, and you probably aren’t root on the host machine • Host-mounted volumes are not portable at all • OSX and Hyper-V VMs have limited pathings to mount • OSX has poor I/O performance Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 35

36. Named Data Volumes • Creates a space that becomes persistent • Can be mounted anywhere inside your images • Have our app containers use the data volume to store data • Use ‘editor containers’ to go in and modify data when needed Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 36

37. Mounting Data Volumes Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 37

43. Why go through the hassle? • Data volumes are portable, depending on the driver • Data volumes are safer • Separates the app containers from data • Production can use a data volume, dev can use a host volume • Our app containers stay small • Works directly with other tools Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 43

44. Network Linking Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 44

45. Docker Links • Allows containers to ‘see’ each other over the network • Each container thinks the other one is just another machine • Containers all have an internal network address, so we don’t need to expose everything through the host • Legacy Links work with `--link` • Can set up virtual networks Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 45

46. More Traditional Setup Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 46 INTARWEBS Nginx PHP-FPM Data Volume Port 9000 Editor

53. Let’s Build It Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 53

58. More Notes! • We can now rebuild sections of the app as needed • We can restart nginx without impacting PHP • We can extend much easier • Docker 1.12 has added a whole bunch of new stuff Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 58

59. BREAK TIME! WOO! Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 59

60. Other Helpful Commands Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 60

61. Inspect a container docker inspect [options] CONTAINER_NAME • Returns a JSON string with data about the container • Can also query • docker inspect -f “{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}” web_server • Really handy for scripting out things like reverse proxies Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 61

62. Work with images • docker pull IMAGE – Pulls down an image before using • docker images – Lists all the images that are downloaded • docker rmi IMAGE – Deletes an image if it’s not being used Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 62

63. Our Goals • Not change our workflow (much) • Run PHP 7, Unit Tests, and webserver • Deploy “easily” Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 63

64. Containerizing Commands Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 64

65. Running Composer docker run --rm -v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app -v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh composer/composer require phpunit/phpunit Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 65

66. Functions! function docker-composer() { appname=$(basename `pwd -P`) appname="${appname/-/}" imagename='composer/composer' output=$(docker images | grep "${appname}_composer") if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then imagename="${appname}_composer" fi docker run --rm -v ~/.composer:/root/.composer -v $(pwd):/app -v ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh $imagename $* } Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 66

67. Add our code to the autloader { "require": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^5.5" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "DemoApp": "src/" } } } Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 67

68. Run our app docker run -d --name phptest -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop/:/app -w /app/html -p 8080:80 php:cli php -S 0.0.0.0:80 Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 68

69. Unit Test our Code docker run --rm -ti -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop/:/app -w /app php:cli vendor/bin/phpunit -c phpunit.dist.xml Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 69

70. Docker Compose Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 70

71. What is Docker Compose? • Multi-container orchestration • A single config file holds all of your container info • Works with Docker Swarm and a few other tools, like Rancher Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 71

72. Sample docker-compose.yml version: ‘2’ volumes: mysqldata: driver: local phpserver: build: ./docker/php volumes: - ./:/var/www/ mysqlserver: image: mysql environment: MYSQL_DATABASE: dockerfordevs MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: docker volumes: - mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql nginx: build: ./docker/nginx ports: - "80:80" - "443:443" Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 72

73. Creating your own Images Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 73

74. Dockerfile • Dockerfile is the configuration steps for an image • Can be created from scratch, or based on another image • Allows you to add files, create default volumes, ports, etc • Can be used privately or pushed to Docker Hub Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 74

75. FROM php:7 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install –y libmcrypt-dev libpng12-dev libfreetype6-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev && docker-php-ext-install iconv mcrypt pdo pdo_mysql COPY build/app /var/www # … EXPOSE 80 443 VOLUME /var/www VOLUME /var/log RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/* Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 75

76. Build it docker build -t tag_name ./ • This runs through the Dockerfile and generates the image • We can now use the tag name to run the image Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 76

77. Add in some Compose Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 77

78. Start the app with Compose Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 78

79. Docker Machine Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 79

80. What is Docker Machine? • A provisioning tool that is used to set up a box with Docker • Used in Docker Toolbox to create the VM • Supports: • EC2 • Azure • Digital Ocean • Hyper-V • OpenStack • Virtualbox • VMWare Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 80

81. Why use it? • Makes it very easy to spin up new boxes • Docker Machine handles all of the dirty stuff for you • Docker Toolbox users are already using it • Integrates with Docker Swarm • It is not necessarily portable Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 81

82. Let’s make a machine! Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 82

83. Let’s Connect! Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 83

84. Thank You! • https://github.com/dragonmantank • Author of “Docker for Developers” • https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs • http://ctankersley.com • chris@ctankersley.com • @dragonmantank Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 84

Docker for Developers - PNWPHP 2016 Workshop

Docker for Developers - PNWPHP 2016 Workshop

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Docker for Developers - PNWPHP 2016 Workshop