JWT - To authentication and beyond!

1. JWT To infinity  & beyond! authentication Luís Cobucci  @lcobucci https://goo.gl/gbd3H5

2. Tokens? https://goo.gl/C0LI6F

3. Browser Server DB

4. Browser Server 1. presents credentials POST /login   {  "email": "aa@aa.com", "password": "amazing!"  } DB

5. Browser Server DB 1. presents credentials 2. validates and starts a session

6. Browser Server DB 1. presents credentials 2. validates and starts a session 200 OK Set-Cookie: PHPSESSIONID=ABC123; Domain=foo.bar; Secure; HttpOnly; Expires=Thu, 1 Jun 2017 12:00:00 GMT

7. Browser Server DB 1. presents credentials 2. validates and starts a session 200 OK Set-Cookie: PHPSESSIONID=ABC123; Domain=foo.bar; Secure; HttpOnly; Expires=Thu, 1 Jun 2017 12:00:00 GMT

8. Browser Server DB 1. presents credentials 2. validates and starts a session 3. sends cookies on next requests GET / Cookie: PHPSESSIONID=ABC123

9. Browser Server DB 1. presents credentials 2. validates and starts a session 3. sends cookies on next requests 4. reads session data and returns a specific response for logged user 200 OK Hello John!

10. “ (…) Each request from any client contains all the information necessary to service the request, and session state is held in the client. Representational State Transfer - Wikipedia

11. A mission http://goo.gl/RfVHNu

12. { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1, "expiration": "…",  "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] }

13. { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] }

14. { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] }

15. { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "def789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "ghi123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "jkl789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] }

16. { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "def789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "ghi123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "jkl789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "def789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "ghi123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "jkl789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "def789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "ghi123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "jkl789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "abc123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "def456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "abc789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "def789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] } { "token": "ghi123", "uid": 1,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl123", "uid": 2,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi456", "uid": 3,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b", "c"] } { "token": "jkl456", "uid": 4,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "ghi789", "uid": 5,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a", "b"] } { "token": "jkl789", "uid": 6,  "expiration": "…", "scope": ["a"] }

17. Wonderful, right? http://goo.gl/9jQFkj

18. No! http://goo.gl/XHI1fw

19. We need  SIMPLE !it

20. Luís Cobucci  @lcobucci

21. JOSEJSON Object Signing and Encryption

22. JOSEJSON Object Signing and Encryption jws jwa jwt jwe jwk

23. eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkI joxLCJuYW1lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29i dWNjaSJ9fQ.

24. eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkI joxLCJuYW1lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29i dWNjaSJ9fQ. base64_encode()

25. eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkI joxLCJuYW1lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29i dWNjaSJ9fQ.

26. eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9 . eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkIjoxLCJuYW1 lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29idWNjaSJ9fQ .

27. Base64URL eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9 . eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkIjoxLCJuYW1 lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29idWNjaSJ9fQ .

28. + → -  / → _  = → (removed) TeSJWlQ/ S4YaOgK5tz7j+3KxBA g3HTONa9NP80R+9mY= TeSJWlQ_S4YaOgK5tz7 j-3KxBAg3HTONa9NP80 R-9mY

29. function base64url_encode(string $data): string { $data = base64_encode($data);   return rtrim(  strtr($data, '+/', '-_'), '=' ); }

30. function base64url_decode(string $data): string {  if ($remainder = strlen($data) % 4) { $data .= str_repeat('=', 4 - $remainder); } return base64_decode(  strtr($data, '-_', '+/') ); }

31. eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9 . eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkIjoxLCJuYW1 lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29idWNjaSJ9fQ .

32. {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "none"  } {  "user": {  "id": 1,  "name": "Luís Cobucci"  }  }

33. The JSON! http://goo.gl/gH0hsx

34. 401 Unauthorised http://goo.gl/yyZ7oC

35. Client API DB

36. 1. presents credentials POST /auth   {  "email": "aa@aa.com", "password": "amazing!"  } Client API DB

37. 1. presents credentials 2. validates and creates a token Client API - issuer: auth.example.com - permitted to: client.example.com - expires in 300 seconds DB

38. 1. presents credentials 2. validates and creates a token 201 Created   {  "token": "…"  } Client API DB

39. 1. presents credentials 2. validates and creates a token 3. sends the issued token GET / Authorization: … Client API DB

40. 1. presents credentials 2. validates and creates a token 3. sends the issued token 4. verifies the signature, validates the claims and processes the request - is it valid? - client allowed? - expected issuer? - can it be used at this moment? Client API DB

41. How about OAuth2?

42. Sessions https://goo.gl/KNrl16

43. file Webserver Set-Cookie:  SESSION_ID=123abc

44. file a Webserver Client SESSION_ID=123abc

45. file a Webserver 1 Client SESSION_ID=123abc file b Webserver 2 file c Webserver 3 Load balancer

46. Webserver 1 Client SESSION=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciO iJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkIjoxL CJuYW1lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29idWNjaSJ9fQ .hv9V7gBBJPeWMbwFFmRP7clLuof7r9fV JzZbLZIxBTs Webserver 2 Webserver 3 Load balancer

47. ! 1. cannot store private information in the session    2. sessions cannot be invalidated   3. increased network traffic    4. race conditions with highly concurrent HTTP requests writing to session    5. limit on the amount of data stored in session

48. More!! https://goo.gl/gEjEMm

49. https://goo.gl/GB6YkQ Let’s investigate it

50. {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "none"  } {  "user": {  "id": 1,  "name": "Luís Cobucci"  }  }

51. headers {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "none"  } {  "user": {  "id": 1,  "name": "Luís Cobucci"  }  }

52. headers {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "none"  } {  "user": {  "id": 1,  "name": "Luís Cobucci"  }  } claims

53. Base64URL( )  + "." +   Base64URL( )  + "." headers claims

54. headers {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "none"  } {  "user": {  "id": 1,  "name": "Luís Cobucci"  }  } claims

55. eyJhbGciOiJub25lIiwidHlwIjo iSldUIn0  .  eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkIjoxLCJuYW1 lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29idWNjaSJ9fQ  .

56. Can you trust it? https://goo.gl/EeeIdu

57. Base64URL( )  + "." +   Base64URL( ) headers claims payload

58. Base64URL( )  + "." +   Base64URL( ) headers claims payload = alg( , )payload keysignature

59. Base64URL( )  + "." +   Base64URL( )  + "." +   Base64URL( ) headers claims signature

60. function jwt_create( array $headers, array $claims, string $key ): string {  $headers = base64url_encode(json_encode($headers));  $claims = base64url_encode(json_encode($claims)); $payload = $headers . '.' . $claims; $signature = base64url_encode(  hash_hmac('sha256', $payload, $key, true)  ); return $payload . '.' . $signature; }

61. What algorithms? https://goo.gl/qNTg3D

62. HS256 HS384 HS512 RS256 RS384 RS512 ES256 ES384 ES512 PS256 PS384 PS512 none HMAC RSA ECDSA RSASSA-PSS

65. headers {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "HS256"  } {  "user": {  "id": 1,  "name": "Luís Cobucci"  }  } claims key Hello JWT+JWS!

66. eyJhbGciOiJub25lIiwidHlwIjo iSldUIn0  .  eyJ1c2VyIjp7ImlkIjoxLCJuYW1 lIjoiTHXDrXMgQ29idWNjaSJ9fQ  .  hv9V7gBBJPeWMbwFFmRP7clLuof 7r9fVJzZbLZIxBTs

67. How much data? https://goo.gl/eHFQwO

68. iat (NumericDate) exp (NumericDate) nbf (NumericDate) jti (String) iss (StringOrUri) aud (StringOrUri[]) sub (StringOrUri)

69. iat (NumericDate) exp (NumericDate) nbf (NumericDate) jti (String) iss (StringOrUri) aud (StringOrUri[]) sub (StringOrUri) case-sensitive

70. https://goo.gl/bkXMeq Revoke tokens?

71. PHP libraries! https://goo.gl/bGP8u8

72. declare(strict_types=1); require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use LcobucciJWTConfiguration; use LcobucciJWTSignerKey; use LcobucciJWTSignerHmacSha256; return Configuration::forSymmetricSigner( new Sha256(), new Key('my super secret key') );

73. declare(strict_types=1); require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use LcobucciJWTConfiguration; use LcobucciJWTSignerKey; use LcobucciJWTSignerRsaSha256; return Configuration::forAsymmetricSigner( new Sha256(), new Key('file://private.pem', 'testing'), new Key('file://public.pem') );

74. declare(strict_types=1); /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getSigningKey(); $token = $config->createBuilder() ->withClaim('uid', 1) ->getToken($signer, $key);

75. declare(strict_types=1); /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getSigningKey(); $token = $config->createBuilder() ->withClaim('uid', 1) ->identifiedBy(bin2hex(random_bytes(16))) ->getToken($signer, $key);

76. declare(strict_types=1); /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getSigningKey(); $token = $config->createBuilder() ->withClaim('uid', 1) ->identifiedBy(bin2hex(random_bytes(16))) ->issuedBy('https://foo.bar') ->getToken($signer, $key);

77. declare(strict_types=1); /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getSigningKey(); $token = $config->createBuilder() ->withClaim('uid', 1) ->identifiedBy(bin2hex(random_bytes(16))) ->issuedBy('https://foo.bar')  ->permittedFor('https://client1.bar')  ->permittedFor('https://client2.bar') ->getToken($signer, $key);

78. declare(strict_types=1); /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getSigningKey(); $now = new DateTimeImmutable(); $token = $config->createBuilder() ->withClaim('uid', 1) ->identifiedBy(bin2hex(random_bytes(16))) ->issuedBy('https://foo.bar')  ->permittedFor('https://client1.bar')  ->permittedFor('https://client2.bar')  ->issuedAt($now)  ->canOnlyBeUsedAfter($now->modify('+5 minutes'))  ->expiresAt($now->modify('+1 hour')) ->getToken($signer, $key);

79. eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9  .  eyJ1aWQiOjEsImp0aSI6ImFhMzk3YzA2ZDUwZmRhNjYyYWUwZGE4OTU2ODdmN zY3IiwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9mb28uYmFyIiwiYXVkIjpbImh0dHBzOi8vY2 xpZW50MS5iYXIiLCJodHRwczovL2NsaWVudDIuYmFyIl0sImlhdCI6IjE0OTU xNzg5MDQuODY4ODc5IiwibmJmIjoiMTQ5NTE3OTIwNC44Njg4NzkiLCJleHAi OiIxNDk1MTgyNTA0Ljg2ODg3OSJ9  .  jwXzXjm8cU92yxP3XcENg_ZnDvW1MkRTzSoaAwOYCTlSdQ5rv- dCLn_7_XPLHSuiACt_aFTnB093GYTpJQKRnqIFPYteK2jVnQALXNPxntnp- v6SMiFBxofCaVSjgKTWdqkWB4agWrTR77HK_iKdFoZMIdpr8UUBJatkc_MCoD vDMtuDRXwIEBfjs9baICtBvTZyDD7iiMmF4F_qvp2mWd_Qy93gZCrePKAJsgY - sujg84iQFOs-6I3GjybzA0U0Y_bTmCmQHfhRUX5_gL21bZxBFef38OFKW73Vx ehBxM4Ok_nWRbGY7ehsMBshXkJQfp97TJ1cV35a9zyAVXC04A

80. {  "typ": "JWT",  "alg": "RS256"  } {  "uid": 1, "jti": "aa397c06d50fda662ae0da895687f767", "iss": "https://foo.bar", "aud": ["https://client1.bar", “https://client2.bar”], "iat": "1495178904.868879", "nbf": "1495179204.868879", "exp": "1495182504.868879"  }

81. declare(strict_types=1); /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $jwt = 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1aWQiOjEsImp0aSI6ImFh' . 'Mzk3YzA2ZDUwZmRhNjYyYWUwZGE4OTU2ODdmNzY3IiwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6L' . 'y9mb28uYmFyIiwiYXVkIjpbImh0dHBzOi8vY2xpZW50MS5iYXIiLCJodHRwcz' . 'ovL2NsaWVudDIuYmFyIl0sImlhdCI6IjE0OTUxNzg5MDQuODY4ODc5IiwibmJ'  . 'mIjoiMTQ5NTE3OTIwNC44Njg4NzkiLCJleHAiOiIxNDk1MTgyNTA0Ljg2ODg3' . 'OSJ9.jwXzXjm8cU92yxP3XcENg_ZnDvW1MkRTzSoaAwOYCTlSdQ5rv-dCLn_7'  . '_XPLHSuiACt_aFTnB093GYTpJQKRnqIFPYteK2jVnQALXNPxntnp-v6SMiFBx'  . 'ofCaVSjgKTWdqkWB4agWrTR77HK_iKdFoZMIdpr8UUBJatkc_MCoDvDMtuDRX'  . 'wIEBfjs9baICtBvTZyDD7iiMmF4F_qvp2mWd_Qy93gZCrePKAJsgY-sujg84i'  . 'QFOs-6I3GjybzA0U0Y_bTmCmQHfhRUX5_gL21bZxBFef38OFKW73VxehBxM4O'  . 'k_nWRbGY7ehsMBshXkJQfp97TJ1cV35a9zyAVXC04A';    $token = $config->getParser()->parse($jwt);

82. declare(strict_types=1); use LcobucciClockSystemClock;  use LcobucciJWTValidationConstraint; /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getVerificationKey();  $token = $config->getParser()->parse('eyJ0eNiJ9 (...)'); $constraints = [ new ConstraintIssuedBy('https://foo.bar', 'https://bar.foo'), new ConstraintPermittedFor('https://client2.bar'),  new ConstraintValidAt(new SystemClock()),  new ConstraintSignedWith($signer, $key)  ];    $config->getValidator()->assert($token, ...$constraints);

83. declare(strict_types=1); use LcobucciClockSystemClock;  use LcobucciJWTValidationConstraint; /** @var LcobucciJWTConfiguration $config */ $config = require 'config.php'; $signer = $config->getSigner(); $key = $config->getVerificationKey();  $token = $config->getParser()->parse('eyJ0eNiJ9 (...)'); $constraints = [ new ConstraintIssuedBy('https://foo.bar', 'https://bar.foo'), new ConstraintPermittedFor('https://client2.bar'),  new ConstraintValidAt(new SystemClock()),  new ConstraintSignedWith($signer, $key)  ];    var_dump($config->getValidator()->validate($token, ...$constraints));

84. It’s up to you! https://goo.gl/vYG4zt

85. JWT To infinity  & beyond! authentication Luís Cobucci  @lcobucci https://goo.gl/gbd3H5

86. Thanks! @lcobucci