Web applications are becoming the norm for users, and being able to handle thousands of requests per second is happening more and more. Developers spend an enormous amount of time making sure that their applications are as fast as possible, but tuning your web server can only go so far. Async Programming is being used by many languages as a quick and easy way to serve web applications, and PHP is no exception. Libraries like ReactPHP and Amp, alongside extensions like Swoole, give developers broad choices for how to build their applications using async principles. See how these tools and async programming can help your application stay quick and agile.

1. You Got Async
in my PHP!
PRESENTED BY:
Chris Tankersley
Senior PHP Developer Advocate
@dragonmantank

2. What is
Async?
2

3. It Depends
3

4. Procedural
Programming
4
Do this, then this, then this
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets = $t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);

5. Procedural Programming
• Single Threaded
• Very susceptible to blocking
operations
• Easy to write
5
Make
Twitter
Object
Make
HTTP
Object
Get
Tweets
Read
Template
Render
Template

6. 6
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack

7. 7
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()

8. 8
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new HttpClient()

9. 9
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new HttpClient()
require_once 'src/HttpClient.php'

10. 10
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new HttpClient()

11. 11
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();

12. 12
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();
require_once 'src/Twitter.php'

13. 13
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();
require_once 'src/Twitter.php'
getenv('TWITTER_KEY')

14. 14
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();
require_once 'src/Twitter.php'

15. 15
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();
require_once 'src/Twitter.php'
getenv('TWITTER_SECRET')

16. 16
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();
require_once 'src/Twitter.php'

17. 17
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
new Twitter();

18. 18
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()

19. 19
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
$t->getTweets()

20. 20
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
$t->getTweets()
$httpClient->get($url)

21. 21
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()
$t->getTweets()

22. 22
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);
script.php Call Stack
main()

23. 23
Wait, how does
PHP avoid
blocking?

24. 24
Wait, how does
PHP avoid
blocking?
Web Servers, like Apache,
are multi-threaded
PHP-FPM spins up
multiple threads for use

25. Parallel
Computing
Do this, this, and this at the same
time
$reports = [
new DailyBalance(),
new EndOfDay(),
new ProfitLossUpdate(),
];
foreach ($reports as $r) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid === 0) {
$r->run();
exit();
}
}
25

26. Parallel Programming
• Multiple Threads
• Lets the OS/CPU handle scheduling
• Can be tricky to write
26
Make
Report
Objects
Run Daily
Balance
Report Run End of
Day Report
Run
Profit-Loss
Report
End

27. 27
Main Thread
main()

28. 28
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)

29. 29
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()

30. 30
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()
Daily Balance Thread
main()

31. 31
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
if ($pid > 0)

32. 32
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

33. 33
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

34. 34
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()pcntl_fork()
End Of Day Thread
main()

35. 35
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()pcntl_fork()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
if ($pid > 0)

36. 36
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()pcntl_fork()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

37. 37
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

38. 38
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()pcntl_fork()

39. 39
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()pcntl_fork()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()

40. 40
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
pcntl_fork()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
if ($pid > 0)

41. 41
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
pcntl_fork()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

42. 42
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

43. 43
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

44. 44
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
pcntl_wait()

45. 45
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
pcntl_wait()

46. 46
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)pcntl_wait()

47. 47
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
main()
pcntl_wait()

48. 48
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Profit/Loss Thread
pcntl_wait()

49. 49
Main Thread
main()
Daily Balance Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
pcntl_wait()

50. Async
Programming
Try and do this, this, and this, as
simultaneously as possible
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent(function () {
echo "Function 1" . PHP_EOL;
return rand(1,10);
}, function($num) {
echo "Square: " . ($num * $num) .
PHP_EOL;
});
$loop->addEvent(function () {
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
}, function() {
echo "Function 4" . PHP_EOL;
});
$loop->run();
50

51. Async Programming
• Single Threaded
• Uses an event loop
• Allows quick executions
between larger blocking
operations
51
Event loop ends
Queue
Empty?
Execute
job
Has
callback?
Add to
queue
Start Event
Loop
Yes
Yes No
No

52. 52
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()

53. 53
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()

54. 54
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
EventLoop::create()

55. 55
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
EventLoop::create()
new EventLoop()

56. 56
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
EventLoop::create()
new EventLoop()
$this->eventQueue = new SplQueue();
Event
Queue

57. 57
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
EventLoop::create()
new EventLoop()
Event
Queue

58. 58
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
EventLoop::create()
Event
Queue

59. 59
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
Event
Queue

60. 60
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
Event
Queue

61. 61
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
addEvent($event1, $callback1)
Event
Queue

62. 62
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
addEvent($event1, $callback1)
$this->eventQueue->enqueue([
$event1, $callback1
]);
Event
Queue
$event1

63. 63
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
addEvent($event1, $callback1)
Event
Queue
$event1

64. 64
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
Event
Queue
$event1

65. 65
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
Event
Queue
$event1

66. 66
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
addEvent($event2, $callback2)
Event
Queue
$event1

67. 67
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
addEvent($event2, $callback2)
$this->eventQueue->enqueue([
$event2, $callback2
]);
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

68. 68
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback2);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
addEvent($event2, $callback2)
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

69. 69
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

70. 70
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

71. 71
Call Stack
main()
run()
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

72. 72
Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
echo "Function 1" . PHP_EOL;
return rand(1,10);
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$event2

73. 73
Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
$return = $event[0]()
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
echo "Function 1" . PHP_EOL;
return rand(1,10);
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$event2

74. 74
Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
5
$return
Event
Queue
$event2

75. 75
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
if (!is_null($event[1]))
5
$return
Event
Queue
$event2

76. 76
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
if (!is_null($event[1]))
5
$return
$this->addEvent($wrappedCallback)
Event
Queue
$event2 $callback1

77. 77
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
if (!is_null($event[1]))
5
$return
Event
Queue
$event2 $callback1

78. 78
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1

79. 79
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
$return = $event[0]()

80. 80
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
$return = $event[0]()
echo

81. 81
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
$return = $event[0]()

82. 82
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
$return = $event[0]()

83. 83
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
$return = $event[0]()
return void

84. 84
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
$return = $event[0]()

85. 85
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
void
$return
Event
Queue
$callback1
if (!is_null($event[1]))

86. 86
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
if (!is_null($event[1]))
void
$return
$this->addEvent($wrappedCallback)
Event
Queue
$callback1 $callback2

87. 87
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
if (!is_null($event[1]))
void
$return
Event
Queue
$callback1 $callback2

88. 88
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->addEvent($event2, $callback2);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
void
$return
Event
Queue
$callback1 $callback2

89. 89
Most Async is
just Event Loop
Programming
It is a different way to structure
your program

90. 90
Most Async is
just Event Loop
Programming
It is a different way to structure
your program
Async is not:
• Concurrent
• Non-Blocking
• Multi-threaded
• Magic

91. Async can help better structure
your logic
91

92. Async makes you think about
end results, not order of
operations
92

93. Async
Concepts
in PHP
93

94. Event Loops
Adding In The Special Sauce
94

95. Async Programming
95
Event loop ends
Queue
Empty?
Execute
job
Has
callback?
Add to
queue
Start Event
Loop
Yes
Yes No
No

96. Async Programming
96
Event loop ends
Queue
Empty?
Execute
job
Has
callback?
Add to
queue
Start Event
Loop
Yes
Yes No
No
Event Loops

97. ReactPHP
97

98. 98
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

99. 99
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

100. 100
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

101. 101
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

102. 102
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

103. 103
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

104. 104
RatchetPHP

105. 105
$socket = new Socket();
$ws = new WsServer($socket);
$ws->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(false);
$server = new App('localhost', '8080', '0.0.0.0');
$server->routes->add(
'events',
new Route('/events', array('_controller' => new EventsController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'onAnswer',
new Route('/onAnswer', array('_controller' => new AnswerController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'socket',
new Route('/socket', array('_controller' => $ws))
);
$server->run();

106. 106
$socket = new Socket();
$ws = new WsServer($socket);
$ws->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(false);
$server = new App('localhost', '8080', '0.0.0.0');
$server->routes->add(
'events',
new Route('/events', array('_controller' => new EventsController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'onAnswer',
new Route('/onAnswer', array('_controller' => new AnswerController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'socket',
new Route('/socket', array('_controller' => $ws))
);
$server->run();

107. 107
$socket = new Socket();
$ws = new WsServer($socket);
$ws->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(false);
$server = new App('localhost', '8080', '0.0.0.0');
$server->routes->add(
'events',
new Route('/events', array('_controller' => new EventsController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'onAnswer',
new Route('/onAnswer', array('_controller' => new AnswerController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'socket',
new Route('/socket', array('_controller' => $ws))
);
$server->run();

108. 108
$socket = new Socket();
$ws = new WsServer($socket);
$ws->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(false);
$server = new App('localhost', '8080', '0.0.0.0');
$server->routes->add(
'events',
new Route('/events', array('_controller' => new EventsController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'onAnswer',
new Route('/onAnswer', array('_controller' => new AnswerController()))
);
$server->routes->add(
'socket',
new Route('/socket', array('_controller' => $ws))
);
$server->run();

109. 109
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

110. 110
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

111. 111
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

112. 112
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

113. 113
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

114. 114
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

115. Promises
Pretty wrappers for callbacks
115

116. Callback Hell
116
Russian Nesting Doll of Sadness

117. Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
117

118. Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
118

119. Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
119

120. Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
120

121. Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}), function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
121

122. Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}), function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
122

123. What do Promises provide?
123
• Built off of Promises/A+
• A cleaner interface for callbacks
• A more structured workflow for one logic block to the next
• A way to handle errors in a clean manner

124. A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
use GuzzleHttpPromisePromise;
$fulfilled = function ($value) {
echo 'The promise was fulfilled.';
};
$rejected = function ($reason) {
echo 'The promise was rejected.';
};
$promise = new Promise();
$promise->then($fulfilled, $rejected);
$promise->resolve();
124

125. A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
use GuzzleHttpPromisePromise;
$fulfilled = function ($value) {
echo 'The promise was fulfilled.';
};
$rejected = function ($reason) {
echo 'The promise was rejected.';
};
$promise = new Promise();
$promise->then($fulfilled, $rejected);
$promise->resolve();
125

126. A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
use GuzzleHttpPromisePromise;
$fulfilled = function ($value) {
echo 'The promise was fulfilled.';
};
$rejected = function ($reason) {
echo 'The promise was rejected.';
};
$promise = new Promise();
$promise->then($fulfilled, $rejected);
$promise->resolve();
126

127. A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
use GuzzleHttpPromisePromise;
$fulfilled = function ($value) {
echo 'The promise was fulfilled.';
};
$rejected = function ($reason) {
echo 'The promise was rejected.';
};
$promise = new Promise();
$promise->then($fulfilled, $rejected);
$promise->resolve();
127

128. A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
use GuzzleHttpPromisePromise;
$fulfilled = function ($value) {
echo 'The promise was fulfilled.';
};
$rejected = function ($reason) {
echo 'The promise was rejected.';
};
$promise = new Promise();
$promise->then($fulfilled, $rejected);
$promise->then($fulfilled2, $rejected2);
$promise->resolve();
128

129. $promise = new Promise();
$promise->then(function ($users) {
return array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
});
});
$promise->then(function ($activeUsers) {
return array_filter($activeUsers, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
});
});
$promise->then(function ($usersWithBalance) {
return array_filter($usersWithBalance, function($user) {
return $user->getState() === 'FL';
});
});
129

130. $promise = new Promise();
$promise->then(function ($users) {
return array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
});
});
$promise->then(function ($activeUsers) {
return array_filter($activeUsers, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
});
});
$promise->then(function ($usersWithBalance) {
return array_filter($usersWithBalance, function($user) {
return $user->getState() === 'FL';
});
});
130

131. $promise = new Promise();
$promise->then(function ($users) {
return array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
});
});
$promise->then(function ($activeUsers) {
return array_filter($activeUsers, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
});
});
$promise->then(function ($usersWithBalance) {
return array_filter($usersWithBalance, function($user) {
return $user->getState() === 'FL';
});
});
131

132. $promise = new Promise();
$promise->then(function ($users) {
return array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
});
});
$promise->then(function ($activeUsers) {
return array_filter($activeUsers, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
});
});
$promise->then(function ($usersWithBalance) {
return array_filter($usersWithBalance, function($user) {
return $user->getState() === 'FL';
});
});
132

133. $promise = new Promise();
$promise->then(function ($users) {
return array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
});
});
$promise->then(function ($activeUsers) {
return array_filter($activeUsers, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
});
});
$promise->then(function ($usersWithBalance) {
return array_filter($usersWithBalance, function($user) {
return $user->getState() === 'FL';
});
});
133

134. $promise->resolve($users);
$activeFLUsers = $promise->wait();
134
Getting the Values

135. $promise->resolve($users);
$activeFLUsers = $promise->wait();
135
Getting the Values

136. Additional
Takeaways
136

137. Worker/Queues
137
Horizontally scale work

138. VONAGE CONFIDENTIAL
Generators and Coroutines
yielding Control Back to the Event Loop
138

139. Swoole
Like PHP-FPM but has coroutines
139

140. 140
Chris Tankersley
Senior PHP Developer Advocate
at Nexmo
@dragonmantank
chris@ctankersley.com