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L
A
TEX For Scientific Documentation
Preenu C S
Department of Mathematics
University College Thiruvananthapuram
cspreenu@gmail.com
L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Name of the Game
LAτχ
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Name of the Game
L
ATEX
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Donald E Knuth
(January 1938)
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Donald E Knuth
(January 1938)
v US Mathematician  Computer
Scientist.
3 / 60
:
L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Donald E Knuth
(January 1938)
v US Mathematician  Computer
Scientist.
v Author of the book
“The Art of Computer
Programming”
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:
L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Donald E Knuth
(January 1938)
v US Mathematician  Computer
Scientist.
v Author of the book
“The Art of Computer
Programming”
v τχ (1978)
3 / 60
:
L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Donald E Knuth
(January 1938)
v US Mathematician  Computer
Scientist.
v Author of the book
“The Art of Computer
Programming”
v τχ (1978) 3.1415926
3 / 60
:
L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Leslie Lamport
(February 1941)
v US Computer Scientist
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
The Founders
v Leslie Lamport
(February 1941)
v US Computer Scientist
v (LA)τχ (1980)
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:
L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Why?...
v Ease of big document preparation
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Why?...
v Ease of big document preparation
v Scientific features
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Why?...
v Ease of big document preparation
v Scientific features
v Layout quality
5 / 60
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Why?...
v Ease of big document preparation
v Scientific features
v Layout quality
v Cost
5 / 60
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Why?...
v Ease of big document preparation
v Scientific features
v Layout quality
v Cost
v Works on low machines
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
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ATEX Beamer
Supporting
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Complexity-Time Graph
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Prerequisites
v Plain text editor
v L
A
TEX compiler
v Output reader
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Why?...
Prerequisites
Distributions
Making
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Distributions
v TEXLive : For Unix, Linux, MacOSX, Windows.
v MacTEX: For MacOSX
v MikTEX: For Windows
v ProTeXt : MiKTeX with additions
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Making a ’.tex’ File
v Any text editor can be used to make a L
A
TEX file.
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Making a ’.tex’ File
v Any text editor can be used to make a L
A
TEX file.
v The extension of the L
A
TEX file name is ’.tex’
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Making a ’.tex’ File
v Any text editor can be used to make a L
A
TEX file.
v The extension of the L
A
TEX file name is ’.tex’
v The file starts with
documentclass{. . .}
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Making a ’.tex’ File
v Any text editor can be used to make a L
A
TEX file.
v The extension of the L
A
TEX file name is ’.tex’
v The file starts with
documentclass{. . .}
v The data to be printed is between
begin{document}
.
text
.
end{document}
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Preamble
The space between documentclass and begin{document}
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Preamble
The space between documentclass and begin{document}
v Additional packages: usepackage{ }
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Preamble
The space between documentclass and begin{document}
v Additional packages: usepackage{ }
v User defined Macros (Definitions)
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Preamble
The space between documentclass and begin{document}
v Additional packages: usepackage{ }
v User defined Macros (Definitions)
v Global settings
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Commands, Environments, Comments
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Commands, Environments, Comments
v Commands starts with 
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
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Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
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References
Commands, Environments, Comments
v Commands starts with 
v Environments are declared with
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Commands, Environments, Comments
v Commands starts with 
v Environments are declared with
begin{Environment_Name}
. . .
end{Environment_Name}
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Commands, Environments, Comments
v Commands starts with 
v Environments are declared with
begin{Environment_Name}
. . .
end{Environment_Name}
v Comments are preceded by % symbol
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex
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L
ATEX
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Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex filename.dvi
latex
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex filename.dvi
latex
filename.pdf
pdflatex
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex filename.dvi
latex
filename.pdf
pdflatex dvipdf
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex filename.dvi
latex
filename.pdf
pdflatex dvipdf
filename.ps
dvips
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex filename.dvi
latex
filename.pdf
pdflatex dvipdf
filename.ps
dvips
ps2pdf
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Preamble
Attributes
Compiling
Type Setting
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Compiling
filename.tex filename.dvi
latex
filename.pdf
pdflatex dvipdf
filename.ps
dvips
ps2pdf
v Example: 00-welcome.tex
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Document Class
The style of the document is given by
documentclass[Options]{Class Style}
v Class Styles: article, report, book, beamer, IEEEtan etc
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Document Class
The style of the document is given by
documentclass[Options]{Class Style}
v Class Styles: article, report, book, beamer, IEEEtan etc
v Options:
X a4paper, a3paper, letterpaper etc
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Document Class
The style of the document is given by
documentclass[Options]{Class Style}
v Class Styles: article, report, book, beamer, IEEEtan etc
v Options:
X a4paper, a3paper, letterpaper etc
X 10pt,11pt,12pt
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Document Class
The style of the document is given by
documentclass[Options]{Class Style}
v Class Styles: article, report, book, beamer, IEEEtan etc
v Options:
X a4paper, a3paper, letterpaper etc
X 10pt,11pt,12pt
X twocolumn, landscape
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Document Class
The style of the document is given by
documentclass[Options]{Class Style}
v Class Styles: article, report, book, beamer, IEEEtan etc
v Options:
X a4paper, a3paper, letterpaper etc
X 10pt,11pt,12pt
X twocolumn, landscape
v Example: 01-article.tex
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Sections
v Sections are made by using:
X chapter
X section
X subsection
X subsubsection
v Example: 02-sections.tex
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
Type Setting
Document Class
Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Contents
v tableofcontents prints the contents page
v Example: 03-contents.tex
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ATEX
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
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L
ATEX
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
v Para separation: Leave a blank line
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ATEX
Introduction
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Type Setting
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
v Para separation: Leave a blank line
v Line break: ,
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L
ATEX
Introduction
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Sections
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Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
v Para separation: Leave a blank line
v Line break: , [2cm]
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L
ATEX
Introduction
Making
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
v Para separation: Leave a blank line
v Line break: , [2cm]
v Small spaces: , (a a)
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ATEX
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
v Para separation: Leave a blank line
v Line break: , [2cm]
v Small spaces: , (a a),  : (a a), ; (a a),  (a a)
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Introduction
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Spacing
v Page break: newpage
v Para separation: Leave a blank line
v Line break: , [2cm]
v Small spaces: , (a a),  : (a a), ; (a a),  (a a)
v quad(a a), qquad(a a)
v vspace{2cm}, hspace{2cm}
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ATEX
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
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References
Formatting
v Font Style
textrm{ } rmfamily Roman Family
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Spacing
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Alignment
Listing
Tables
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Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Formatting
v Font Style
textrm{ } rmfamily Roman Family
textsf{ } sffamily Sans Serif Family
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Sections
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Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Formatting
v Font Style
textrm{ } rmfamily Roman Family
textsf{ } sffamily Sans Serif Family
texttt{ } ttfamily Typewriter Family
textbf{ } bfseries Bold Face
textit{ } itshape Italic Shape
textsl{ } slshape Slanted Shape
textsc{ } scshape Small Caps
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ATEX
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Making
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Formatting...
v Font Size
X tiny
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Formatting...
v Font Size
X tiny
X footnotesize
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ATEX
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Formatting...
v Font Size
X tiny
X footnotesize
X script size
X small
X normalsize
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Sections
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Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
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New
Commands
References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
Materials
References
Formatting...
v Font Size
X large
X Large
X LARGE
X huge
X Huge
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Sections
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Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
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Mathematics
Cross
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New
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References
Project
Errors
L
ATEX Beamer
Supporting
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References
Left, Right and Center
v Center
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ATEX
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Sections
Contents
Spacing
Formatting
Alignment
Listing
Tables
Pictures
Floating Items
Mathematics
Cross
References
New
Commands
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Left, Right and Center
v Center
X centering
X center environment
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Left, Right and Center
v Center
X centering
X center environment
v flushright
v flushleft
v Example: 04-formatting.tex
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Exercise 1
v Ex-1.pdf
Exercise 2
v Ex-2.pdf
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Listing
v There are three types of listing
1 enumerate
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Listing
v There are three types of listing
1 enumerate
2 itemize
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Listing
v There are three types of listing
1 enumerate
2 itemize
3 description
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Listing
v There are three types of listing
1 enumerate
2 itemize
3 description
v Example: 05-list.tex
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Exercise 3
v Ex-3.pdf
Exercise 4
v Ex-4.pdf
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Tables
v Environment tabular
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Tables
v Environment tabular
begin{tabular}{..}
end{tabular}
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Tables
v Environment tabular
begin{tabular}{..}
end{tabular}
v horizontal lines by hline or cline
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Tables
v Environment tabular
begin{tabular}{..}
end{tabular}
v horizontal lines by hline or cline
v Cells are separated by 
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Tables
v Environment tabular
begin{tabular}{..}
end{tabular}
v horizontal lines by hline or cline
v Cells are separated by 
v Example: 07-00-tables.tex
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Merging Cells
v multicolumn{2}{c}{Combined cells}
v Horizontal lines for merged cells— cline{i-j}
v Example: 07-1-table-merge.tex
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Tables–More Customization
v Use the package array
v Example: 07-2-table-array.tex
v Example: 07-4-tables-more.tex
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Long Tables
v Use the package longtable
v Example: 07-5-longtable/longtable.tex
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Exercise 5
v Ex-5.pdf
Exercise 6
v Ex-6.pdf
Exercise 7
v Ex-7.pdf
Exercise 8
v Ex-8.pdf
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External Pictures
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Pictures
v Draw Pictures
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Pictures
v Draw Pictures
X The environment ‘picture’
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Pictures
v Draw Pictures
X The environment ‘picture’
X PS-Tricks (Post Script)
X Tikz (PGF)
v Include external Pictures
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Including External Pictures
v usepackage{graphicx} in the preamble
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Including External Pictures
v usepackage{graphicx} in the preamble
v includegraphics{ } to insert a picture inside the
document
v Example: 06-Graphics/pictures.tex
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v table and figure
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v table and figure
v caption{ }
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Floating Items
v table and figure
v caption{ }
v listoftables, listoffigures
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Floating Items
v table and figure
v caption{ }
v listoftables, listoffigures
v Example: 10-float/float.tex
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Simple Maths
v In-line mathematical contents are between $ and $
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Simple Maths
v In-line mathematical contents are between $ and $
v $$. . .$$ is for display mathematical style.
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Simple Maths
v In-line mathematical contents are between $ and $
v $$. . .$$ is for display mathematical style.
v ˆ and _ are used for super and subscripts
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Simple Maths
v In-line mathematical contents are between $ and $
v $$. . .$$ is for display mathematical style.
v ˆ and _ are used for super and subscripts
v sqrt[ ]{} for square roots
v Example: 08-1-math.tex
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Simple Maths
v In-line mathematical contents are between $ and $
v $$. . .$$ is for display mathematical style.
v ˆ and _ are used for super and subscripts
v sqrt[ ]{} for square roots
v Example: 08-1-math.tex
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Mathematics. . .
v The packages amsmath, amssymb,. . .
v Example: 08-2-amsmath.tex
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Mathematics. . .
v The packages amsmath, amssymb,. . .
v Example: 08-2-amsmath.tex
v alpha, beta,. . . for Greek alphabets
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Mathematics. . .
v The packages amsmath, amssymb,. . .
v Example: 08-2-amsmath.tex
v alpha, beta,. . . for Greek alphabets
v sin, cos, tan, log,. . .
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Mathematics. . .
v The packages amsmath, amssymb,. . .
v Example: 08-2-amsmath.tex
v alpha, beta,. . . for Greek alphabets
v sin, cos, tan, log,. . .
v int for
Z
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Mathematics. . .
v The packages amsmath, amssymb,. . .
v Example: 08-2-amsmath.tex
v alpha, beta,. . . for Greek alphabets
v sin, cos, tan, log,. . .
v int for
Z
v Example: 08-3-math-more.tex
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Supporting
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Matrices
v The environments bmatrix, pmatrix, vmatrix will
produce
X bmatrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6

X pmatrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6

X vmatrix:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
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Matrices
v The environments bmatrix, pmatrix, vmatrix will
produce
X bmatrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6

X pmatrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6

X vmatrix:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
X The stared versions are available in mathtools
with extra alignment option
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Supporting
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Matrices
v The environments bmatrix, pmatrix, vmatrix will
produce
X bmatrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6

X pmatrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6

X vmatrix:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
X The stared versions are available in mathtools
with extra alignment option
v Example: 08-4-matrices.tex
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Exercise 9
v Ex-9.pdf
Exercise 10
v Ex-10.pdf
Exercise 11
v Ex-11.pdf
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Label and Ref
v For cross reference
X Label the equation using label{keyword}
X Refer it using ref{keyword}
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Our Own Commands
v We can create our own commands using
newcommandcommand_name{command_definition}
v Example: 12-newcommand.tex
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thebibliography
bibTEX
Project
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References
v 1 Environment thebibliography
2 Using bibtex compiler
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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thebibliography
v Similar to the environment enumerate
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New
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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thebibliography
v Similar to the environment enumerate
v Instead of item use bibitem
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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thebibliography
v Similar to the environment enumerate
v Instead of item use bibitem
v Each bibitem must have a keyword
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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thebibliography
v Similar to the environment enumerate
v Instead of item use bibitem
v Each bibitem must have a keyword
v The keyword is used to cite the reference
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thebibliography
bibTEX
Project
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thebibliography
v Similar to the environment enumerate
v Instead of item use bibitem
v Each bibitem must have a keyword
v The keyword is used to cite the reference
v Example: 11-bibliography/01-ref-thebib.tex
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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bibTEX
v Create a database containing the details of the books
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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bibTEX
v Create a database containing the details of the books
v Example: 11-bibliography/myref.bib
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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bibTEX
v Create a database containing the details of the books
v Example: 11-bibliography/myref.bib
v Cite the books using cite{keyword}
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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bibTEX
v Create a database containing the details of the books
v Example: 11-bibliography/myref.bib
v Cite the books using cite{keyword}
v Compilation steps
X pdflatex filename.tex
X bibtex filename.aux
X pdflatex filename.tex
X pdflatex filename.tex
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thebibliography
bibTEX
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Supporting
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References
bibTEX
v Create a database containing the details of the books
v Example: 11-bibliography/myref.bib
v Cite the books using cite{keyword}
v Compilation steps
X pdflatex filename.tex
X bibtex filename.aux
X pdflatex filename.tex
X pdflatex filename.tex
v Example: 11-bibliography/02-ref-bibtex.tex
v Example: 11-bibliography/03-ref-natbib.tex
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Typesetting Thesis
v use book or report documentclass
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Typesetting Thesis
v use book or report documentclass
v geometry— for margin setting
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Typesetting Thesis
v use book or report documentclass
v geometry— for margin setting
v sectsty— for section styles
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Typesetting Thesis
v use book or report documentclass
v geometry— for margin setting
v sectsty— for section styles
v fancyhdr— for header and footer
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Supporting
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Typesetting Thesis
v use book or report documentclass
v geometry— for margin setting
v sectsty— for section styles
v fancyhdr— for header and footer
v Example: 15-Project/01-project.tex
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Error debugging
v undefined control sequence
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Error debugging
v undefined control sequence
v Too many }’s
v Missing } inserted
v Missing $ inserted
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Error debugging
v undefined control sequence
v Too many }’s
v Missing } inserted
v Missing $ inserted
v Misplaced alignment tab character 
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Error debugging
v undefined control sequence
v Too many }’s
v Missing } inserted
v Missing $ inserted
v Misplaced alignment tab character 
v missing item
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New
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Supporting
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References
Error debugging
v undefined control sequence
v Too many }’s
v Missing } inserted
v Missing $ inserted
v Misplaced alignment tab character 
v missing item
v paragraph ended before align was complete
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New
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Errors
L
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Supporting
Materials
References
Error debugging
v undefined control sequence
v Too many }’s
v Missing } inserted
v Missing $ inserted
v Misplaced alignment tab character 
v missing item
v paragraph ended before align was complete
v begin{center} ended by end{document}
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New
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Boxes
Themes
Overlays
Transitions
Supporting
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References
L
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v Documentclass used for making Presentations
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New
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