Science and matter

1. Chapter 1 Chemistrythescience of matter By QBP Cristina A. Rmz.

3. Physicalproperty

4. Solution

5. Alloy

6. Solute

7. Solvent

8. Aqueos solution

9. Element

10. Compund

11. formulaChemistry Matter Mass Property Scientificmodel Qualitative Quantitative Substance Mixture

12. Chemistry Isthesciencethatinvestigates and explainsthestructure and properties of matter

13. Matter Isanythingthattakes up space and has mass

14. Mass Isthemeasure of theamount of matterthatanobjectcontains Whatisn´tmatter ? Figure 1.1 page 4

15. Thestructure of matter Referstoitscomposition

16. Theproperties of matter Describe thecharacteristics and behavior of matterincludingthechangesthatmatterundrgoes. Figure 1.2 , 1.3 and 1.4 page 5

17. Themacroscopiclevel of matter Matterthatislargeenoughto be seeniscalledmacroscopic , so all of yourobservations in chemistry and everywhereelsestartfromthisperspective Themacroscopicworldistheoneyoutouch, feel, smell, taste and see. Figure 1.5 page 7

18. Thesubmicroscopiclevel of matter Thesubmicroscopiclevelviewgivesyou a glimpseintotheworld of atoms Its a world so smallthatyoucannotseeitevenwiththemostpowerful light microscope Figure 1.6

19. Usingmodels in chemistry Page 8 Figure 1.7 Figure 1.8 page 9

20. Usingmodels in chemistry Scientists use manytypes of modelstorepresentthingsthat are hardtovisualize

21. A scientificmodel Is a thinkingdevicethathelpsyouunderstand and explainmacroscopicobservations

22. In thefield Read page 12 and 13

23. Classifyingmatter Classificationbycomposition Whatisitmade of ? Examplesucroseiscomposed of theelementscarbon, hydrogen and oxigen A QUALITATIVE observationisonethat can be madewithoutmeasurement

24. Afterqualitativeanalysisthenextquestionishowmuch of theelementsispresent Forsucroseis: 100.0 g of sucrosecontains 42.1 g of carbon, 51.4 g of oxigen and 6.5 g of hydrogen A QUANTITATIVE observationisonethat uses measurement

25. Puresubstanceor a mixture? In terms of purity PURE: made up of onlyonekind of matter MIXTURE: of differentkinds of matter

26. Puresubstances Figure 1.10 Meansthatevery bit of thematterbeingexaminedisthesamesubstance A SUBSTANCE ismatterwiththesamefixedcomposition and properties Sucrose, sand (silicondioxide)

27. Mixtures Figure 1.11 page 15 A combination of twoor more substances in whichthebasicidentity of eachsubstanceisnotchanged Figure 1.12 page 16

28. EverydayChemistry Read page 17. You are whatyoueat.

29. Theseparation of mixtures intosubstances Mixtures cab be separatedintoitscomponentsbyphysicalprocesses (phyisical: theprocessdoesnotchangetheidentity of a substance). Howcoludyouseparate a mixture of sugar and sand?

30. Byusingphysicalchanges A phyisicalchangeis a change in matterthatdoesnotinvolve a change in theidentity of thesubstance (boiling, freezing, melting, evaporating, dissolving, and crystallizing)

31. Physicalproperties Are characteristics of a sample of matterthat can be observedormeasuredwithoutanychange in itsidentity Examples: state (solid, liquid, gas), color, solubility, boilingpoint, meltingpoint, etc.

32. Look at figure 1.13 page 20

33. Types of mixtures HETEROGENEOUS mixtures Heteromeansdifferent So, itsonethatdoesnothave a uniformcomposition and in whichthe individual substancesremaindistinct Thecomponentsexist as distinctregionscalledphases = you can seethedifferentsubstances in the mixture

34. HOMOGENEOUS: homo meansalike, are thesamethroughout, they are calledsolution (mightappearto be onepuresubstance) Solutions are solids, liquidsor gases Alloys are solidsolutions, table 1.1 page 23

35. Solutions Are composedbaytwocomponents: solute and solvent Water + sugar: water = solvent (dissolvesthesolute) and sugar = solute (beingdissolve). Aqueoussolution = whenthesolventiswater

36. Look at page 26

37. Substances: purematter ELEMENTS: thebuilding blocks, thesimplestform of matter (figure 1.16) 117 elements. Figure 1.17 page 27 COMPOUNDS: made of twoor more substances Theproperties of thecompound are differentfromtheproperties of theelementsthatcomposethecompound Table 1.3 page 30

38. Look at page 29

39. Formulas of compounds Is a combination of thechemical symbols that show whatelementsmake up a compound and thenumber of atoms of eachelement Table 1.3 page 30 secondcolumn

40. Session 1.1 assessment page 31

41. Properties and changes of matter PHYSICAL PROPERTIES are thosethatdontinvolvechanges in composition

42. PHYSICAL QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES Such as: solid, hard… PHYSICAL QUANTITATIVE PROPERTIES Such as: meltingpoint, density, mass… Figure 1.20 page 32

43. States of matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Read: states of matter page 23 Figure 1.21 page 33

44. Change of state Readchanges of state page 33 Fusion Solidification Boiling Condensation Liquefaction sublimation