Chapter 10 Lecture Access to Health Thirteenth Edition © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Did you PREPARE and did you LEARN? • Define and discuss addiction. • Distinguish addictions from habits, and identify the signs of addiction. • Discuss the addictive process, the physiology of addiction, the biopsychosocial model of addiction, as well as codependence. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Did you PREPARE and did you LEARN? • Describe types of addictions, including disordered gambling, compulsive buying, compulsive Internet or technology use, work addiction, compulsive exercise, and sexual addiction. • Evaluate treatment and recovery options for addicts, including intervention, individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and 12- step programs. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Addiction? • Addiction is a persistent, compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance, including mood-altering behaviors or activities, despite ongoing negative consequences. • Substance addiction refers to dependence on a specific substance. • Process addiction refers to dependence on a behavior. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Addiction? • Addiction has four common symptoms: – Compulsion, characterized by obsession – Loss of control – Negative consequences – Denial © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Habit versus Addiction • A habit is repeated behavior in which the repetition may be unconscious. • Compulsion refers to preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it; it also involves experiencing discomfort if the behavior is not performed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Addiction Affects Family and Friends • Codependence occurs when a person becomes bound or addicted to the addict. • Codependents find it hard to set boundaries and often live in a chaotic, crisis-oriented mode. • They often assume the responsibility for meeting the addict’s needs, even at their own expense. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Addiction Affects Family and Friends • Enablers knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the consequences of their behaviors. • Codependents are the primary enablers of their addicted loved ones, although anyone who has contact with an addict can be an enabler. • Enablers are generally unaware that their behaviors support the addict. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How Addiction Develops • Addiction is a process that evolves over time. • Nurturing though avoidance happens when a person repeatedly seeks the illusion of relief by avoiding unpleasant feelings or situations. • Eventually as the addict becomes more dependent, there is deterioration in relationships, and after time, the addictive behavior is no longer pleasurable. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Cycle of Psychological Addic ...

1. Chapter 10 Lecture
Access to Health
Thirteenth Edition
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Recognizing and
Avoiding Addiction
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Did you PREPARE and did you LEARN?
• Define and discuss addiction.
• Distinguish addictions from habits, and identify
the signs of addiction.
• Discuss the addictive process, the physiology of
addiction, the biopsychosocial model of
addiction, as well as codependence.

2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Did you PREPARE and did you LEARN?
• Describe types of addictions, including
disordered gambling, compulsive buying,
compulsive Internet or technology use, work
addiction, compulsive exercise, and sexual
addiction.
• Evaluate treatment and recovery options for
addicts, including intervention, individual
therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and 12-
step programs.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Addiction?
• Addiction is a persistent, compulsive
dependence on a behavior or substance,

3. including mood-altering behaviors or activities,
despite ongoing negative consequences.
• Substance addiction refers to dependence on a
specific substance.
• Process addiction refers to dependence on a
behavior.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Addiction?
• Addiction has four common symptoms:
– Compulsion, characterized by obsession
– Loss of control
– Negative consequences
– Denial
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Habit versus Addiction

4. • A habit is repeated behavior in which the
repetition may be unconscious.
• Compulsion refers to preoccupation with a
behavior and an overwhelming need to perform
it; it also involves experiencing discomfort if the
behavior is not performed.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Addiction Affects Family and Friends
• Codependence occurs when a person becomes
bound or addicted to the addict.
• Codependents find it hard to set boundaries and
often live in a chaotic, crisis-oriented mode.
• They often assume the responsibility for meeting
the addict’s needs, even at their own expense.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Addiction Affects Family and Friends
• Enablers knowingly or unknowingly protect
addicts from the consequences of their
behaviors.
• Codependents are the primary enablers of their
addicted loved ones, although anyone who has
contact with an addict can be an enabler.
• Enablers are generally unaware that their
behaviors support the addict.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How Addiction Develops
• Addiction is a process that evolves
over time.
• Nurturing though avoidance happens
when a person repeatedly seeks the
illusion of relief by avoiding
unpleasant feelings or situations.

6. • Eventually as the addict becomes
more dependent, there is
deterioration in relationships, and
after time, the addictive behavior is
no longer pleasurable.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cycle of Psychological Addiction
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Physiology of Addiction
• All intellectual, emotional, and behavioral
functions occur as a result of biochemical
interactions between nerve cells in the body.
• Neurotransmitters exert influence at specific
sites on nerve cells.
– Mood-altering substances and experiences
produce tolerance, where ever-larger dosing
is required to achieve
the desired effect.
– Withdrawal occurs when the drug or
experience is removed.

7. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Biopsychosocial Model of Addiction
• Addiction is caused by a variety of factors
operating together:
– Psychological factors
– Biological or disease influences
– Environmental influences
– Social aspects
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Risk Factors for Addiction
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Social Learning Theory
• This theory proposes that people learn
behaviors by watching role models.
• The effects of this modeling, imitation, and

8. identification with behavior from early childhood
is well established.
• Consider which positive modeling you have
been exposed to and adopted and which
negative modeling you have adopted.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Addictive Behaviors
• Process addictions are behaviors known to be
addictive because they are mood altering.
– Disordered or pathological gambling
– Compulsive buying disorder
– Technology addiction
– Work addiction
– Exercise addiction
– Sexual addiction
– Multiple addictions

9. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Disordered or Pathological Gambling
• Disordered gambling is a compulsive gambling that
cannot be controlled.
• Disordered gambling is recognized as a mental disorder
by The American Psychiatric Association.
• 26% of college men report gambling at least once a
week compared to 5.5% of college women.
• The three most common reasons college students give
for gambling are risk, excitement, and the chance to
make money.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Compulsive Buying Disorder
• $23,000 is the average amount
of debt that a compulsive
shopper owes.
• Compulsive buying can be
seasonal or may occur when

10. person is depressed or lonely.
• Compulsive shoppers may
borrow money repeatedly from
family, friends, or institutions in
spite of the problems that result from doing so.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Technology Addictions
• Internet addiction includes compulsive use of
the following:
– Computer
• E-mail
• Networking websites
• Games
• Shopping
• Blogging
– Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
– Cell phones
– Video games

11. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Signs of Work Addiction
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Addiction
• Exercise addicts are people who exercise
compulsively to try to meet needs of nurturance,
intimacy, self-esteem, and self-competency.
• Traditionally, women have been perceived as
being more at risk for exercise addiction.
However, evidence is growing that more men
are developing unhealthy exercise patterns.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sexual Addiction and Multiple Addictions
• Sexual addiction results from confusing the intensity of
physical arousal with intimacy.

12. • Sexually addicted people do not feel nurtured and are
usually incapable of nurturing another person because
sex, not the other person, is the object of their affection.
• As many as 60 percent of people in treatment have
problems with more than one addiction.
• The figure may be as high as 75 percent for people
addicted to chemicals.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Activity Break
• Take a second to think about why you think
addicts resist seeking treatment even when they
admit to having a problem.
• What factors do you believe need to be
considered in helping addicted individuals
prevent relapse?

13. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Recovering from Addiction
• Intervention is a planned process of confronting the
addict by people who are important to the addict,
including his or her spouse, family members, boss, and
friends.
• Treatment for addiction generally begins with abstinence
and then detoxification. Finding a quality treatment
program can be an important part of addiction recovery.
• Relapse may be an isolated occurrence or a full return to
addictive behavior. It should not be interpreted as failure
but rather be met with a response to remind the addict
that he or she is addicted and needs to return to
treatment.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Assessing Yourself–A Personal Inventory
• Go online to the Live It! section of
www.pearsonhighered.com/donatelle to take the "Are You
Addicted?" assessment.
• Using a scale of 1 through 5, where 5 reflects a problem for

14. you
and 1 reflects no issue with a behavior, consider the following:
– Do you think you use any particular substance too much?
– Do you have any behaviors that you consider to be
compulsive, such as gambling, shopping, use of technology,
work, exercise, or sexual activity?
– If you rank 4 or 5 on any of these, are you ready to make a
change?