Major mental illnesses like depression, anxiety, and personality disorders are highly prevalent among prison populations worldwide. Prisons can exacerbate existing mental health issues due to overcrowding, violence, isolation, and lack of treatment services. Juvenile offenders also experience high rates of mental disorders, and screening and treatment are important but often inadequate. Reform is needed to establish better mental healthcare in correctional facilities and address the factors contributing to mental illness among inmates.

1. IMPORTANCE OF EXTENSION MENTAL
HEALTH SERVICES IN CORRECTIONAL
SETTINGS
FARIS N
SSW051812

2. MOST COMMON MENTAL ILLNESS IN PRISONS
• The most common illnesses were major depression
, anger, anxiety, adjustment issues, personality
disorders, substance abuse, sexually behaviour,
bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia and
psychotic disorders.

3. PRISONS ARE BAD FOR MENTAL HEALTH(WHO)
• There are factors in many prisons that have negative effects on mental health,
including: overcrowding, various forms of violence, enforced solitude or
conversely, lack of privacy, lack of meaningful activity, isolation from social
networks, insecurity about future prospects (work, relationships, etc), and
inadequate health services, especially mental health services, in prisons.

4. • Female inmates had much higher rates of mental health problems than male
inmates.
• 450 million people world wide suffer from mental or behavioral disorders.
• Mental disorders are a danger to the public; the general intolerance of many
societies to difficult or disturbing behavior.
• The failure to promote treatment, care and rehabilitation, and, poor access to
get mental health services in many countries .
• Most of the undertrials spend long periods of time in prisons awaiting their
verdict, it effects their mental health functioning. It is high time the Indian
judiciary system has a process in place which would reduce the time for the
verdict. Moreover, the need for mental health services for the prisoners has
been highlighted in various studies

5. • Effective treatment is possible but too often the available resources is very
less.
• many effective treatments for mental disorders is available, but often the
limited available resources are wasted in ineffective
• Modification of the prison environment that nurtures a positive mental health
among the prisoners could help in the prevention and early recovery from
mental health disorders

6. • The building of separate psychiatric prison hospitals in particular is not cost-
effective, because they are very expensive to run, they have a limited
capacity, are associated with low release rates in prisoners.
• Should prompt the establishment of dedicated mental health clinics within
prisons for early detection and intervention.
• Majority of the studies highlighted the high prevalence of mental disorders in
prisoners and the need for proper mental health services in prisons.

7. JUVANILE SETTINGS
• Juvenile crime occurs when minors violate a criminal statute. When a juvenile commits a crime, the procedure
that takes place differs from that of the adult offender. While it is common for the normal citizens to consider
ages between 10-18 as minors but the justice system considers minors even younger as adults, if the crime
committed is very serious
• Major mental health problems in juvenile settings Anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder in
particular, also are prevalent among juvenile offenders, especially girls. Psychotic disorders such as
schizophrenia
• Mental Health Assessment and Treatment Mental health disorders are more complicated and difficult to treat
in young people than in adults. Because adolescence is a unique developmental period characterized by
growth and change, disorders in teens are more subject to change and interruption. Ongoing assessment and
treatment, therefore, are important. Screening and assessment are vital to addressing mental health
treatment needs of youths in the juvenile justice system.
• Screening attempts to identify the youths who warrant immediate mental health attention and further
evaluation. Assessments are a more comprehensive and intensive examination of problems and behaviour's
exhibited by a young person. Proper assessments help those who determine risks, placement and treatment.

8. SOME OF THE FACTORS LEADING TO JUVENILE
CRIMES ARE
• Peer pressure: As the neighbourhood pressure, pressure from the friends may also be responsible for
how your child reacts to the bad situation. If all of their friends are committing an illegal act then your
child also may feel pressured to do the same act.
• lack of moral guidance: When parents or adults interact with the children to guide them on what is right
or wrong, the child is more likely to act in a way that is not illegal. Being a parent, it is very important
that you should give quality time to spend it with your child.
• family life: If your child has a rough family life, it is more likely that they will fall into criminal activity.
Parents who are not emotionally or physically available to guide and care for their children cause these
children to feel empty and lost and this can lead to trouble.
• schooling: Child that has problems in the school whether it is attendance issues or difficulty in learning,
has found to have high chances of committing the crimes.
• substances abuse: If anyone of the family members or the relatives or friends have substances abuse
problem then a child can easily develop themselves or suffer from any other type of substances by the
addict.

9. CONCLUSION
• The number of studies in India is comparatively less than other countries. The
prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as substance use, schizophrenia,
depression, adjustment issues, and suicidal risk is considerably high. Hence, it
is necessary to study the various factors predisposing prisoners to mental
health issues and effective treatment options for better delivery of mental
health among prisoners.

10. REFERENCES
• World Health Organization Report 2001 – Mental health: new understanding new hope. Geneva,
World Health Organization.
• More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons Than Hospitals: A Survey of the States
• Prison mental health in India: Review
• http://www.indjsp.org/article.asp?issn=0971-
9962;year=2018;volume=34;issue=3;spage=193;epage=196;aulast=Rabiya
• https://www.slideshare.net/GAYATRITELANG/correctional-settings
• https://www.slideshare.net/esquiredre/mental-health-in-prison
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