Themes Of Ireland In A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift

Themes Of Ireland In A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
Ireland has a dreadful history of poverty, greed and an unfair treatment by the English. "The rich become richer and the poor become poorer is a
cry heard throughout the whole civilized world" (Schiller, 1795). The poorest people of Ireland suffer extremely hard lives and no one seems to
care or even want to help. The middle class and the political Irish people only interests lie in making themselves wealthier. The English had no
intentions in helping these people so the poor people were treated atrociously. This way of living was the Irish way of life in the 16th century and no
one took any notice on it bar Jonathan Swift. He drew focus on this scandalous Irish system in his pamphlet, "A Modest Proposal" in 1729. His satirist
writing shocks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His themes range from inertia to the suffering poor people. Inertia is the resistance to any physical modification, and Swift conception was anything but
this. Swift's sole purpose in writing this pamphlet in a satire method was to get people talking and doing something about these problems as it would
trigger a nerve in his readers. His satiric shots are assorted in with factual details that highlight the rich citizens' lack of action; "But I am not in the
least pain upon that matter because it is very well known that they are every day dying and rotting by cold and famine, and filth and vermin, as fast
as can be reasonably expected" (Swift, 1726). When he wrote about the suffering people, he called out the landlords and how they mistreated their
tenants. He has no time for these people and even goes as far as comparing them to Egyptian slave drivers; "Secondly, the poorer tenants will have
something valuable of their own which by law may be made liable to distress and help to pay their landlord's rent, their corn and cattle being already
seized, and money a thing unknown" (The Project Gutenberg EBook, 2015). His characters also have an important role in his pamphlet and why this
literature piece is still important to students these days, one example is the children. They play a significant role in the pamphlet, but they aren't the
luckiest characters in "A Modest Proposal". Swift uses linguistic to dehumanize the children entirely. He doesn't view them as living, breathing beings,
but considered them to be tomorrow's leftover lunch; "I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand
children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one–fourth part to be males, which is more than we allow to
sheep, black cattle, or swine" (Genius.com, 2015). His theme and characters in his
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The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian FrielвЂ™s...
The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel's Translations
Regarded by many as Brian Friel's theatrical masterpiece, Seamus Deane described Translations as "a sequence of events in history which are
transformed by his writing into a parable of events in the present day" (Introduction 22). The play was first produced in Derry in 1980. It was the first
production by Field Day, a cultural arts group founded by Friel and the actor Stephen Rea, and associated with Deane, Seamus Heaney and Tom Paulin.
As Deane asserts, the play is in many respects an intelligent and enlightening metaphor for the situation in Northern Ireland. The aims of raising
cultural awareness and dispelling socio–political apathy in the North were central to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This culminated in the Rebellion of 1798, lead by Wolfe Tone and the Society of United Irishmen, in which Hugh and Jimmy participated: "The road
to Sligo. A spring morning. 1798. Going into battle" (445). But, as these characters soon discovered, the rebellion failed resulting in large executions
and the passing of the Act of Union in 1800. This piece of legislation, effective from 1 January 1801, brought Ireland under the direct rule of the British
Crown.
1823 saw the rise of Daniel O'Connell (the only real person mentioned in the play), a disillusioned veteran of 1798 who founded the Catholic
Association. O'Connell campaigned for better civil rights and social conditions for the Irish people, hence Maire reporting that he said "We should all
be learning to speak English" (399). O'Connell believed that it was necessary to use the English language in order to allow Ireland to progress in a
quickly modernising Western world. In 1829, due to his efforts in Parliament, the Catholic Emancipation Act came into force overturning the penal laws.
It was at this juncture, when the play takes place, that Britain began to make deeper inroads to Irish society and culture. An attempt to colonise the
mind and the people as opposed to conquering land through brute force. Translations is Friel's vehicle for representing methods central to the colonial
discourse of Imperialist aspirations. In the foreground of the play

The Role Of Grania By Lady Gregory
The role of the theatre during the Irish Literary Revival was central to Irish cultural nationalism and the political dynamics at the start of the 20th
century. As a playwright and a co–founder of the Abbey Theatre, Lady Gregory created the backbone of the group that drove the Irish cultural
identity towards a more nationalist outlook. Yet as an Irish nationalist, her participation in political causes was often muted; not because of her
political views, but because of her gender. Though Lady Gregory played a large part in the literary revival during the Irish nationalist movement,
she was wary of rekindling a past that was built upon the oppression of women. This essay will discuss the influence Gregory's early life on her
works, the portrayal of women by other prominent male playwrights at the time, her depiction of women in her plays, and the characterization of the
female character Grania. Using the play Grania, Lady Gregory explores possibilities for Irish women to defy gender... Show more content on
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Gregory's dramatic interpretation of Grania becomes rather more sympathetic and offers justification for her heroine's actions. According to author
Maria–Elena Doyle in the article A Spindle for the Battle: Feminism, Myth, and the Woman
–Nation in Irish Revival Drama., "Ultimately what Grania
wants is social recognition, an acknowledgment that she matters to the world around her as a living individual rather than as an object of memory."
(Doyle 40) As a consequence, Grania's mental strength leads to her rejection of the patriarchal values within the community. She becomes more than a
symbol for men to interpret, but a "...social being defined by her own actions and interactions." (Doyle 39). By presenting a woman's decision to make
her own path, Gregory alters the female standards of the Revival in a way that does little to support nationalist

Flann O'Brien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and...
Flann O'Brien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and Colonial Influences
All quotations from The Third Policeman are taken from the 1993 Flamingo Modern Classic edition.
In this essay I intend to examine Flann O'Brien's The Third Policeman in the context of the time of its writing, 1940, its relation to certain English
novelistic traditions and also the broader Irish literary tradition in which it belongs.
Seamus Deane refers to Ireland as a "Strange Country" and indeed O'Brien's own narrator recalls the words of his father:
" . . . he would mention Parnell with the customers and say that Ireland was a queer country." (7)
Such a concurrence indicates to a degree the peculiar nature of the Irish situation with regard to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The publication of Ulysses with what Declan Kiberd has called its " . . . cathedral–like structure . . . " (Interview), left an anxiety of influence for many
Irish writers. Where could one go fictionally after Ulysses?
Ulysses, seen as an attempt at an all encompassing, encyclopaedic form is more indicative of a post–colonial mimic anxiety than the work of O'Brien.
Post–colonial is used here in the sense of the beginning of resistance rather than as a chronological marker. The "cathedral–like structure" while
splendid, and the pointed satire of parody of English form suggests a literary materialism and an overwhelming desire to beat them at their own game.
To install oneself and one's work in the epic tradition may well place one on the European literary map but it may also betray an anxiety which
legitimates such hegemony.
O'Brien's subversion of bildungsroman and flight into a non–realist surrealistic mode is suggestive also of a more pressing discontent with the Irish
Free State and its intolerance of difference. The balloon episode functions as an allegory of a tendency to prohibit freedom and intrude upon the
privacy of the individual. (163–65) Sergeant Pluck concludes:
"That is a nice piece of law and order for you, a terrific indictment of democratic self–government, a beautiful commentary on Home Rule." (165)

A certain

The Journey For The Cure Literary Analysis
Dear Tidal Wave Publishing Incorporated:
Greetings to Tidal Wave Publishing! I am a 7th grade student at Old Donation School. I would like to submit my original fable based on traditional
Irish fables and myths, titled The Journey for the Cure, to be inserted in your upcoming anthology. This story is about a man, Jack Kelly, who makes
a journey to save his wife from a curse. On his journey, he meets a leprechaun who throws him off and he has to race to save his wife in time. My
work reveals common Irish traditions, archetypes, and morals that are relevant with youth.
The purpose of storytelling in Irish culture was to pass along morals in an entertaining way, in order to impact the lives of the reader. From the
traditional Irish literary works I have read, they all have morals that are about being loyal, and not being naive or selfish when encountering other
people. For example, in the Irish fable, The Field of Boliauns, the protagonist, Tom Fitzpatrick, is very greedy and selfish when he encounters a
leprechaun. In the end, Tom ends up without any gold, because of his selfishness and how naive he was. In my story, The Journey for the Cure, the
reader is taught that being naive and selfish can affect you negatively in life. When the protagonist, Jack Kelly, wants the leprechaun's gold, the
leprechaun tricks him and he almost ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Irish myth, The Voyage of Bran, Bran, the main character, disobeys the wishes of the Chief of the Isles of the Women and returns back toIreland,
finding that he is cursed and cannot step foot onto Irish soil. This Traditional literature also reveals that the Irish people are very close to their customs
like believing in leprechauns or using Ireland's primary crop, potatoes, often in their meals. For example in my story, a leprechaun is a minor character,
which is an important archetypal mythological irish

James Joyce Essay
In selecting James Joyce's Ulysses as the best novel of the twentieth century, Time magazine affirmed Joyce's lasting legacy in the realm of English
literature. James Joyce (1882–1941), the twentieth century Irish novelist, short story writer and poet is a major literary figure of the twentieth–century.
Regarded as "the most international of writers in EnglishВЎK[with] a global reputation (Attridge, pix), Joyce's stature in literature stems from his
experimentation with English prose. Influenced by European writers and an encyclopedic knowledge of European literatures, Joyce's distinctive
writing style includes epiphanies, the stream–of–consciousness technique and conciseness.
Born in Rathgar, near Dubtin, in 1882, he lived his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hauptmann's comprehensive version of the portrait of an artist helped Joyce develop his own interpretation. A further clarification was provided by the
German philosopher Friedrich Nietzche (1844–1900). Joyce adapted Nietzsche's concept of the Superman in developing his portrait of an artist.
Although Joyce rejected the Catholic Church all his life, Reynords, in Joyce and Dante: The Shaping Imagination clams that the Italian poet and the
greatest of Catholic poets Dante Alighier (1265–1321) "whose influence pervades all Joyce's writing is never cowed by authority"
(Attridge p. 56–57). Perhaps that is why Joyce was attracted to Dante's writing.
&#9;Of all his literary countryman, the only Irish literary who's left a profound impression on Joyce was that Irish nationalist poet, James
Clarence Mangan (1803–1849). In the short story "Araby," Joyce pays tribute to the poet by naming the narrator's classmate, Mangan.
Joyce identified with Mangen because of his linguistic skill and knowledge of the literature of Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Furthermore, Mangan
was disdained by his Irish contemporaries––a gesture Joyce considered an act of treachery.
&#9;Joyce's use of the stream–of consciousness technique first appeared record these epiphanies with extreme care, "seeing that they
themselves are the moments." (Kalasty, p.199) Although all the stories

Essay on Brian Friel's Translations
Brian Friel's Translations
Brian Friel's play Translations was the first production of the Field Day Theatre Company in Derry in 1980, which Friel co–founded with Stephen Rea.
It describes the beginning of the process of Anglicization in a relatively remote Gaelic–speaking area during the 1833 Survey of Ireland, in which the
English mapped Ireland, both culturally and geographically. Years of concerted anglicizing of the Irish by the British early in the 19th century led to
the widespread fall into disuse of the native Gaelic tongue. National schools teaching exclusively in English began to open during the Survey of
Ireland, and English culture encroached rapidly into Ireland. William Butler Yeats and Douglas Hyde write from the... Show more content on
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Hyde's speech argues that the Irish had by that point indiscriminately adopted all that was English with little thought as to its value, that the Irish had
"[ceased] to be Irish without becoming English."2 He criticizes those Irish who claim to hate British dominance, yet speak only English, anglicize their
Irish names, and remain ignorant of Gaelic literature. His central view is that the Gaelic language is the most important aspect of an Irish identity
distinct to that of the British, and that only a return to Ireland's native language can halt the process of Anglicization. However, he is careful not to
make the claim that nothing English is of value, but emphasizes the necessity of not neglecting that which is essentially Irish.
The history of Ireland is one of early scholasticism and rich culture in times when the rest of Europe had less of a literary and artistic tradition. By the
time of Hyde's speech, the nation had become "one of the least studious and most un–literary"3 countries of the area, and he claims that the fault lies in
a divergence from "the right path."4 Progressive Anglicization has led the Irish to forget their own culture and its traditions. The British claim that
because the Irish have forgotten much of their language and customs, they should be content as an integral part of the United Kingdom, and

The Causes Of The Easter Rising
The nativist social and cultural revival preached antagonism towards the social and cultural forms of Great Britain. In this way, the Irish language and
literary movement can be seen to have not only encouraged Irish nationalism and separatism, but also fed the flames of Anglophobia which can thus be
interpreted as a catalyst in inspiring the imaginations for those who later led the 1916 Easter Rising. The revival of Irish language and literature had a
notable effect on the course of Irish politics leading up to partition. It ultimately brought forth a keener understanding of Ireland's culture, traditions,
history and grievances, and romanticised Irish traditions separate to those of a greater Britain. Moreover, it enabled Ireland's demand for more freedom
to gain increasing empathy throughout the world. It was public opinion that converted British politicians to the view that at least some measure of
independence to Ireland should be given.
Much of the Irish nationalistic traditions romanticize the heroism of failed attempts by outgunned individuals to overcome the powerful British state.
While there had historically been numerous armed rebellions against the British, the development of formal paramilitary organisations in the years
leading to partition was an anomaly, and one driven by a resort to arms by the unionists. A nationalist secret society, the Irish Republican Brotherhood
(IRB), was formed in 1858. Known popularly as "the Fenians", this group carried out a

The Identity Of Ireland : The Impact Of Irish Identity
Near the turn of the twentieth century, Ireland had a crisis of identity. In 1890, the most influential Irish Nationalist politician and champion of home
rule, Charles Stewart Parnell, was denounced by the Catholic Church of Ireland over the Divorce Crisis, something the church saw as an immoral
affair. The issue of Parnell's morality split the Irish public's opinion on what was fundamentally most important: Religion or State Freedom. The
political progress that was made towards a freer Ireland came to a momentary halt. Nationalists and artists alike attempted to construct a cohesive
narrative about Irish identity to bring their people together to oppose British colonial rule.
William Butler Yeats, the major Irish poet from this era, constructed Irish identity through images of beautiful pastoral landscapes and Celtic myths. He
drew upon revivalist sentiments to call citizens to action. John Millington Synge, an influential playwright and anthropologist, based his work on the
life and language of Irish peasants to illustrate a raw image of Irish men and women. As Scott W. Klein writes in his essay "National Histories,
National Fictions: Joyce's 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
' and Scott's 'The Bride of Lammermoor,'" "The Celtic Revival attempted to produce
a new Irish culture in the absence of compelling political cohesion after the death of Parnell" (Klein 1017). The creation of essential "Irishness" was
central to the goals of building a strong nation.

William Shakespeare 's ' Hamlet '
Mirror to Society
Within the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare wrote what he thought to be the purpose of theatre. He defined theatre to be the actor's ability to hold up
a mirror to nature and portray what is actually happening within society. During the time of Shakespeare, the main aim in theatre was to create a night
of entertainment, where society could escape from the issues of the day. However, Shakespeare's message of reflection would take hold in the
19th–century as the primary purpose for theatre and evoke a modernization within theatre that insisted it be a reflection of reality. During the 1890s,
two strategies developed in an effort to restore the Celtic heritage in Ireland, the Irish Literary Movement and the Neo– Gaelic revival. It is for this
reason that an Irish Literary Renaissance began spreading through Ireland. This renaissance was influenced by an increase in the national interest for
Gaelic legends and myths. The revival of the old Gaelic heritage served as inspiration to the growing political nationalism. At the close of the 19th
century, Nationalist movements were spreading throughout most of Europe. In Ireland, the nationalist movement was calling for separation from
British oppression. Ireland had been under English rule for over 300 years and saw itself ready for home–rule. Irish politics began to pressure its artists
into displaying a civilized and respectable national image. However, the Irish people could not agree on an exact image.

Importance of Identity in Anglo
J. M. Synge is one of the most prominent Irish writers of the twentieth century; his writing characterizes a broad, multifaceted range of political,
social and religious anxieties shaping Ireland for the duration of its most remarkable period of change, which transformed the place from a relatively
peaceful country to a more political and aggressive location. The picture Synge creates shows us that the question of identity relating to Ireland is
problematic; however it has produced and provoked some of the greatest literature of the century. As G. J. Watson has asserted: "However painful the
question of identity may be for the Irish in real life, it has functioned, deeply embedded as it is in the Irish political and literary... Show more content on
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Ronan McDonald states: "Enter the playboy Christy Mahon. Christy's poetry, like the cultural flowering of the Ascendancy, is based on a dirty
deed that is aestheticized as a gallous story. In the course of the action it is exposed and then transcended. Christy comes to the Mayoites carrying
a mark of culpability which, in the course of the play, he is privileged to purge. Culture confronts and expiates its violent origins in the controlled
laboratory of the stage. The play comically, but unnervingly, explores the process by which violence is glorified and aestheticized. Yet it also, by a
theatrical slight of hand, reveals the violence as chimerical, and allows Christy to pass through and survive the implications of his supposed atrocity."
Ireland is shown for what it is; Synge offers us a critique which is almost satirical. There is a mystical quality to Ireland which is emphasised by its
storytelling and folklore (Shanaitue), in which the Irish are a `nation of heroes'; a notion which is explored through the figure of Christy – who is
himself a `Christ–like' figure – as he almost brings his father back from the dead in a sense. There is a sub–textual reference to the New Testament in
this father– son relationship; Christy is in conflict with his father – and in a certain respect – he is `sacrificed' when he is burnt because he did not live
up to the expectations people had of him. Synge treats the conflict between the relations with irony, and it is

The Butcher Boy Irish Imperialism
Midterm Essay – Prompt 3 During the British invasion and colonization, the Irish endured decades of violence and oppression. During this time, the
Irish were stereotyped and made out to be inferior to their British counterparts in an attempt to justify their right to rule. The Irish people were depicted
as violent drunks who were more animal than human. They were often likened to pigs, portrayed as poor, dirty, and stupid. Obviously, this contributed
to the animosity between the native Irish and their Anglo–Irish neighbors. The country lacked any sort of unified national identity. Even after Ireland
received full independence, the effects of this long term injustice definitely left its mark. Once they received full autonomy, Irish society ... Show more
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The main character, Francie Brady, is a very troubled young man with an alcoholic father and a mentally ill mother. His family is frequently talked
down to and disrespected by their community. Nobody wants to deal with Francie, so when he begins acting out, he is sent away first to an
industrial school, then to a mental institution. Because he does not fit in with the ideal Irish community, Francie is pushed out. Furthermore, this
social rejection only intensifies Francie's mental instability. Francie dives into a world of delusion and fantasy, trying to create a world in which
he can be happy. He twists the world around him so he is not an outcast. No matter how badly his community treats him, he is accepted if only in
his mind. And as more and more people leave him behind, he is only driven deeper into his fantasy world. In this case, Francie, a mentally ill
delinquent and his family, are made into the "other." They do not fit into what their community sees as the ideal Ireland, so they are ostracized. This
isolation only adds fuel to the fire, driving Francie more and more into his delusions, ultimately leading to his murder of his neighbor who labelled
him and his family as "pigs." Francie can be seen as a symbol of darker side of Irish society. He is immature, emotionally stunted, and nostalgic for an
idealized

What Is The Theme Of Symbolism In O 'Dajain By O' FaolпїЅin
Furthering the impression of Gypsy's liminality is the sense that her identity is withheld. Her clothes are another indicator of how her identity has
been stripped in the same way her clothes are removed, "Holding her clothes about her body she stepped to the corner of the lodge and looked
across at the blazing house" (32). Clothes are an indicator of class, personality and therefore identity. By merely holding them "about her body" she
bears no identity. Later in the text, she is stripped of a voice also. Whereas she had previously been very vocal and furiously passionate, she becomes
completely silent once her grim fate is presented to her: "she said not a word now" (72). This silence aligns her with the discourse of subalterity as it is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'Rootlessness' seems to be something O'FaolГЎin is advocating for, both for the new opportunities it can afford as well as the release it provides from
this claustrophobic, unwelcoming community. Aidan Arrowsmith reinforces this opinion, maintaining the need for escape from the "static
conservatism of the Catholic Nationalist Free State" (131). Gypsy and Henn both suffer from an identity which has been forced upon them. Henn is
repeatedly described as a "madman" (11), while Gypsy is an object for sexual control. While their position marginalises them, it also generates a need
for a new sense of identity and rootedness stability which they may find in Paris. This optimism may be misplaced, but it cannot be denied that
O'FaolГЎin is offering liminality as something to be reconsidered and re–engaged with. As Susan Cahill maintains, the liminal can be "a productive
space where history, identity and memory can be reimagined and rearticulated" (Liminal Borderlands, 9). O'FaolГЎin endeavours to do exactly that in
'Midsummer Night

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
Michael Smith
Professor Doyle
World Literature II
6 August 2017
A Modest Proposal: Jonathan Swift
In Jonathan Swift's pamphlet "A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to their Parents, or the Country,
and for Making them Beneficial to the Publick" is a very controversial pamphlet about the starving people of Ireland. Swift suggests that the parents of
the starving children commit cannibalism and sell their children as food. At this time, England's foothold in Ireland was very dominate. The pamphlet 's
main purpose was to shock not only the wealthy English, but also the Irish population to realize the injustices that were occurring in Ireland at that
time. The pamphlet is an ironic attempt to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
English Parliament had even passed laws that limited the rights of the Irish in their own country. Swift certainly means to attack the practices by which
the English figuratively "devoured" the Irish by suggesting that they might as well go ahead and literally devour them too.
Swift also addressed the Irish who allowed such a situation to transpire without taking adequate steps to preserve themselves. He thought they had not
done enough to stand up to the English before it became too late. In other words, he also blames the Irish for their seeming complicity with their own
subjugation. There were some wealthy Protestant Irish landlords taxing fellow starving Irish. It was not always English landowners coming into
Ireland and taxing Irish tenants. At this time England was one of the wealthiest country in the world, and so much power over Ireland. Swift felt like
the people of Ireland needed to band together and make a stand – To not let their people starve in the streets. Even though Ireland was run by the British
Crown, there were still Irish representatives in England that were just standing by.
Jonathan Swift was a Protestant, born in Ireland but preferred to live in England. What the English were doing did not directly affect Swift, but he
wanted the horrors of what was occurring to be stopped. He believed that the public didn 't realize the magnitude of the situation and how their lack of

Irish American Drinking Habits in Literature and in...
Representations of Irish/Irish–American Drinking Habits in Literature and in Popular Culture: A Self–Defeating Cycle
Introduction Stereotypes are not hard to come by in popular American culture, and truly in popular cultures the world over. Human beings seem
programmed to make quick and superficial judgments about anyone who is or who simply appears to be "different" or "other than" oneself, equating
race, ethnicity, skin color, and/or country of origin with a set of specific attitudes, values, and behaviors that are often insultingly oversimplified and
incorrect. The United States has had more than its share of struggles with accepting newcomers and dealing with minorities of all stripes, possibly due
to the fact that the nation has a rich history of immense immigration that has led to higher levels of multi–ethnic and multicultural interactions and
social pressures than have existed in many other nations. Regardless of the reasons behind the American propensity for stereotyping, the idea of
Americans as bigots a stereotype in and of itself is unfortunately at least partially earned by the country's history and popular culture. The issues of
slavery and civil rights for African–Americans is well–known racism in this relationship still regularly rears its head in the media; only slightly less
well–known is the treatment of Native Americans by the white conquerors of the continent and the current hot–button topic of immigration from Latin
America. These problems have

Yeats And The Salley Garden Essay
They (the great writers) were national first ... and it was the intensity of their own nationalism which made them international. (Power 65) As Maud
Gonne said "without Yeats there would have been no Literary Revival in Ireland. Without the inspiration of that revival and glorification of beauty and
heroic virtue I doubt there would have been an Easter week" (24). Yeats was born in 1865 near Dublin inIreland and through his literary work
contributed in the cultural nationalism of Ireland. He imagined an Ireland that took shape as modern Ireland. He tried to unify the nation by
substituting religious beliefs of the sectarian and class loyalties with the nationalistic sentiment. He tried to define the importance of love and death in
nationalism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yeats edited by John P. Frayne. To define Irish literature, the first article begins thus:
Some of my countrymen include among (sic) national writers born in Ireland but I prefer, though it greatly takes from the importance of our
literature, to include and of Irish subjects, when once a country was given perfect expression to itself in literature, has carried to maturity its literary
tradition, its writers, no matter what they write of, carry its influence with them, just as Carlyle remained a Scotsman when he wrote of German
kings or French, and Shakespeare an Elizabethan Englishman when he told of Coriolanus or Cressida. (Frayne 360) In his youth he excluded Swift,
Sterne, Burke and Berkeley from his list of Irish tradition but afterward he declared them as his predecessors. He favoured genuine literature but was
against any kind of propaganda. He excluded Thomas Moore, Thomas Davis and John Mitchel inspite of the presence of nationalism in their poetry
because they used English method in their poetry and did not contributed in enriching Irish literary tradition. He praised Callanan for developing a new
kind of verse with its source from the Irish tradition. The poets who contributed in enriching Irish tradition were Aubrey De Vere, William Allingham,
Clarence Mangan and Sir Samuel

The Big House In Wuthering Heights
The Big House has been a symbol, motif, subject matter, setting and theme in the majority of classic Gothic Literature. The big 'man–made structures'
have therefore become a common gothic trope, acting almost like a character in the work. In many classic gothic stories the Big House usually has a
political, cultural and historical representation. In this essay, I will be analysing the Big Houses representation of the power and wealth of the
Anglo–Irish Ascendency as they sat in between the poverty–stricken, colonized, Catholic Gaelic Irish and the people who colonised them: the English
in the two novels 'Castle Rackrent' and 'Wuthering Heights' .
Irish Gothic authors have been very interested in the identity conflicts and social status of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of the civilized Linton family, Catherine exchanges her savage rebellion and freedom to conform to the civilized Thrushcross Grange.
Catherine's first impression of life with civilized Lintons puts to rest any doubt that Heathcliff and her were inside such a room, 'we should have
thought ourselves in heaven!' (ch.vi, p.38). Thrushcross Grange is eventually brought into Heathcliff, Catherine and Hindley's drama. The impact
Wuthering Heights had on the Linton family is a metaphor for the corruption of culture by nature. The parody of the patriarchal nature of culture, that
BrontГ« depicts, inflicts sorrow and entrapment on the characters which eventually leads to their disaffection. Catherine eventually rejects the new
civilized life when she states that, "heaven did not seem to be my home; and I broke my heart with weeping to come back to earth; and the angels
were so angry that they flung me out, into the middle of the heath on the top of Wuthering Heights; where I woke sobbing for joy" (ch.ix, p. 63). The
excerpt symbolically brings more attention to civilization and its

Irish Identity And Poetry Of William Butler Yeats And...
William Butler Yeats is one of the most esteemed poets in 20th century literature and is well known for his Irish poetry. While Yeats was born in
Ireland, he spent most of his adolescent years in London with his family. It wasn't until he was a teenager that he later moved back to Ireland. He
attended the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin and joined the Theosophical Society soon after moving back. He was surrounded by Irish
influences most of his life, but it was his commitment to those influences and his heritage that truly affected his poetry. William Butler Yeats's poetry
exemplifies how an author's Irish identity can help create and influence his work.Maud Gonne, an Irish nationalist and patriot, was a huge muse to
Yeats and his poetry. Her passion for Ireland and its freedom was a large part of the reason why William Yeats was so passionate about the dealings
in Ireland himself. Maud was born in England but loved Ireland and believed strongly in its independence from Britain. Although she is most known
for her association with William Butler Yeats, she had many accomplishments herself. She created the Daughters of Ireland. The Daughters of Ireland
was an organization which provided a home for Irish nationalist women and encouraged the study of: Gaelic, Irish literature, history, music and art.
Maud also went on a crusade to improve prison conditions after she suffered a brief imprisonment herself. She even wrote a bestselling book herself
called A Servant of the

James Joyce Research Paper
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce is well–known for his many extraordinary Literature pieces. Still, to this day he is celebrated throughout Ireland as
being one of the most influential figures in Irish history. Among his literary works, the most recognized and famous literature pieces were "Dubliners,"
"A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man,"Ulysses," and "Finnegans Wake." Very early in life, Joyce struggled with his identity and self
–importance.
Furthermore, Joyce publicizes these identity struggles and adolescence challenges in his autobiographical novel, "A portrait of an Artist as a Young
Man." This novel introduced his newly formed technique called the "stream of consciousness." This well–developed technique indirectly allows the
audience to distinguish the thoughts and feelings of the main character, Steven Daedalus; this fictional character is an actual representation of himself.
Stephen Daedalus reappears in Joyce's masterpiece "Ulysses," but depicted with more sophisticated character traits. As a young adult, James Joyce
established his own set of principles in which to follow throughout life. These Principles became very apparent in both his writing and his life choices.
Some people may even go as far as to call ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thou, in the mid–19th century a group called "Young Irelanders" attempted to preserve Irish traditions and the authentic Gaelic language. Sadly, this
group failed due to the misconception that "English" was the superiority language and "Gaelic" was that of the poverty class (The Gaelic Revival).
Additionally, Joyce's parents were of noble heritage, and at the age of six, he was sent off to a very prestigious Catholic boarding school. It was at
Clongowes Wood boarding school, in which Joyce's autobiographical novel, "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" setting

Theme Of The Country Girls
The Pain and Struggles of Finding an Identity Still, after the official Irish Independence in 1922, the Irish people needed to find an identity free of the
English influence, but also of the Catholic morality and the values celebrated by the Revival. They had to define an identity which could be in step
with the times and truly represent them. It was a particularly difficult task for intellectuals and writers. They found themselves almost shut up by Irish
censorship and rejected by the bigotry that mostly characterized the middle–class society for decades after the Independence. Michael O'Donovan in a
speech about censorship in 1962 said that writers had to face the bookless homes, the horrible libraries each with its own little group of... Show more
In her novel The Country Girls, she also represented an image of Ireland. Throughout it, most of the major themes related to Ireland and its society
are touched, such as drinking, unhappiness in marriage, education, moving from rural to urban areas, or even abroad, and sexuality. The latter is the
main reason why the book was banned by the Irish censorship upon its publication. In fact, it was a delicate issue of the Ireland of the 1960s and
moreover, it was being explored by a young woman in this book. What emerges from the novel is a narrow–minded society, in which issues are present
but not faced. The narrator–protagonist's father is an alcoholic and is violent due to drinking, "Hasn't he always to hit someone when he's drunk?"
(Country Girls 31), however, Caithleen and her mother cannot really do anything but dread him. Caithleen's friend's parents are unhappy together, "She
and Mr Brennan slept in separate beds" (Country Girls 119), but there is no possibility to question their marriage. The protagonist has a secret
relationship with a middle–aged man, Mr Gentleman, but it eventually does not turn up well, showing that a good reputation and social status are
more valued than feelings and truth. The two girls move to Dublin in search of a more exciting life, far from the oppressions of their small village,
"I was not sorry to be leaving the old village, it was dead and tired and old and crumbling and falling down" (Country Girls 155), but the end of the
story does not seem to suggest that they have been able to free themselves from their origins, from who they are. And so many other examples of stuck
situations could be

Satire of a Modest Proposal Essay
Irony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by
Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet "A Modest Proposal." The main argument for this mordantly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected
and indifferent audience. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally untenable positions in order to cast blame and
aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal" employs despicably vivid satire to call for change in a world of abuse and
misfortune. The entire proposal stands as a satire in itself; an analogy paralleling the tyrannical attitude of the British toward their Irish ... Show more
The British have reigned over the Irish so long and so cruelly that they have left Ireland in "state of dependence" psychologically, politically, and
economically. In other words, the "ideology of Protestant consumption" has "actually eroded" the self–confidence and sense of worth of the Irish so
badly that it has left Ireland a nation unable to sustain itself (Mahoney). England is eating up Ireland. But this tribulation cannot be blamed solely on
the British. Swift cleverly condemns the British aristocracy for their mistreatment of the Irish people while also criticizing the Irish people for
allowing this exploitation. The Irish have done nothing to halt the terrorizing nature of their domineering counterparts. Swift uses this proposal to
"the wretched Irish situation" (Lockwood). By "rigorously underplaying the aspect of fantasy in his proposal," Swift suggests the Irish have arrived
at a condition in which such a plan may be seriously considered (Lockwood). Booth describes that every detail of Swift's proposal "supports the
inference that the woes of Ireland make, indeed, a 'melancholy Object.'" In essence, the "anger against the English is used merely to heighten" Swift's
own dismay over the way Ireland has conducted itself (Booth). Swift craftily causes readers to question more than just how to fix the problems in
fraught Ireland. Through the supreme verbal irony of his

The Influence Of The Modern Period In British And Irish...
The modernist period in British and Irish literature was one of the most important and exciting times in literary history. The term modernist stemmed
from the beginning of the 20th century labelled the modern period. The modern period was a time of confusion and transitions, mostly due to the
result of people returning from World War I. The modern period was an era of massive unemployment and technological changes. Freud, Jung, and
Marx were redefining human identity, Assembly lines and factories were being introduced, and gender differences were starting to crumble. The
modern period was a time of change, and the field of Literature was no exception. Susan Gorsky, in her book titled Virginia Woolf, states that " Virginia
Woolf perhaps... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Poetry, Drama, and fiction were subjected to intensive scrutiny and extensive redefinition, producing some of the most unusual and often difficult
literary creations in English: Eliot's Wasteland, Yeat's Plays for Dancers, and the fiction of Joyce and Lawrence is some examples.Modernist literature
reflects in it's structure as well as in it's content the overturning of tradition; the instances upon new design produced plays and stories without plots or
recognizably human characters, poems without rhyme or meter"(16, 17). The Modernist author was able to identify with their audience by creating
stories that not only asked important questions, but also got under the reader's skin. In George Orwell's essay titled Inside the Whale, he addresses the
fact that James Joyce's Ulysses is remarkable due to the fact of its "commonplaceness of its material." (Inside The Whale and Other Essays, 11). The
reader is able to put themselves in the characters shoes, the characters are very three dimensional, and like modern life their stories are not so much
like a fairy tales, as they are of everyday life. The character Joyce creates in Ulysses enters many different states of consciousness, dream states,
drunkenness.... demonstrating the ability modern literature has in relating the ideas of consciousness, in a way that the reader would be able to
identify with. Orwell goes further to say that Ulysses was filled with a "Whole

A Summary Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight
Medieval literature is a passion that has enveloped me since I read ChrГ©tien de Troyes'
Lancelot during my freshman year. In this Arthurian romance, ChrГ©tien represents Lancelot as conflicted–a chivalrous knight whom one expects to
find only in myth, yet in violation of the code of honor, desirous of his lord's queen. I began thinking of the tales of the Arthurian knights as more than
legendary–as potentially credible historical accounts. Soon, I wrote a paper on
Gawain's rhetoric as a means to elicit specific responses in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
Gawain's rhetorical strategies and their manipulations ultimately lead him to a deeper personal recognition and self–acceptance. This early exercise
alerted me to the pleasures of working with languages of the Middle Ages. My academic interest in Celtic Studies was piqued when I learned of Ogam
stones in my
Literature in the Natural World class. Ogam is not a spoken language, rather, a code of inscriptions that gave theIrish language an alphabet and supplied
the Irish people with a means of writing on stone, wood, and other natural elements with relative ease. Ogam is also found in many manuscripts, where
it is both written and read in a manner different from that employed when it is found on stones. As an aspiring academic in Medieval Literature, I
recognize that knowledge of the literature of medieval cultures is vitally important. Irish literature, including
Ogam inscriptions and manuscripts, is therefore essential to

Analysis Of Swift 's ' The Sun Of The Eighteenth Century '
Swift's Neoclassical Classic
The sun of the Eighteenth century shines brilliantly on the era of British wealth and power, filling every part of great British life with pride and
confidence. British literature, no longer stoic and medieval is revitalized and reclassified. As in the early Renaissance days Restoration authors think
highly of Classical literature. Unlike their predecessors however, they are freer with classical style and prose. In one such restoration work, patterned
after early Greek and Roman Cynics, author Jonathan Swift Calls the British Isles to action with an unprecedented solution to the problem of poverty;
and exemplifies neoclassical literature in satirical style, sordid subject, and solid structure.
Satire is one of the distinguishing marks that makes "A Modest Proposal" a classic example of Neoclassical Literature. In his use of Satire Jonathan
Swift was undoubtedly influenced by Greek and Roman cynics who criticized the status quo. Like some of these cynics, instead of offering a
reasonable and moral solution to a social problem, Swift captures the attention of the Irish people by a proposition of cannibalism. Describing his
proposal Swift writes, "A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends and when the family dines alone the fore or hind quarter will
make a reasonable dish and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day especially in winter." In statements like this
Swift use the power of

Biography Of William Butler Yeats 's ' Cathleen Ni Houlihan '
William Butler Yeats was an Irish born poet and perhaps one of the most important figures in the history of Ireland for the 20th century. He was a
prominent figure in the revival of the Irish literacy and in particular through his poetic theater he was able to bring forth a new vision of Ireland. His
play, Cathleen ni Houlihan, is an accurate depiction of the message he wanted to convey. He used drama to convey ongoing social problems during the
era of British colonial rule. Through that other prominent figures such as Patrick Pearse appeared into the movement for Irish Freedom. Through his
work, Pearse was also able to influence
As described in, The Journal's article on Cathleen ni Houlihan, "Yeats led a colonization in reverse". What Yeats wanted to accomplish was to
eliminate the presence of the British in Ireland. William Butler Yeatswas born as a wealthy protestant, a minority group in the country. Even though he
did not speak Gaelic he wanted to connect with the people of his country and did not want to associate with the British culture. According to
Encyclopedia Britannica, Yeats thought that literature and poetry was a way to fill the political void left by the death of Irish political leader Charles
Stewart. Through the years, Yeats rolled out various numbers of plays and poems with the most important one perhaps being Cathleen ni Houlihan.
Cathleen ni Houlihan, showcased the desire for Ireland to break free from the English. An old woman, who has lost her land

The Irish Influence
Throughout history, there have been many theatre companies that attempt to preserve their country's culture through their productions, but none have
done so as effectively as Ireland's Abbey Theatre, or Amharclann Na Mainistreach . Since its opening in 1904 , the Abbey Theatre has remained true to
its original mission, "To bring upon the stage the deeper emotions of Ireland.Кє This approach has allowed them to thoroughly influence Ireland as a
whole, particularly regarding Ireland's culture, economic standing, political views, and literature. Through its creative productions, the company has
maintained the accurate portrayal of Ireland's history that it is famous for, while still managing to inspire younger generations in Ireland to pursue
careers in theatre. Like many European countries, Ireland has a long history that has shaped it into the country it is today. Ireland as a whole does not
hide from the dark parts of their past, but chooses to embrace and learn from these events. The Abbey Theatre takes the same approach by producing
plays that highlight these parts of the country's past. Most recently, the Abbey Theatre has produced The Risen People, which is based on theDublin
Lockout in 1913 . During this time, over one third of Ireland's population lived in slums , and Jim Larkin, union leader at the time, encouraged many
to strike in order to achieve a better life. This was and is still Ireland's largest industrial conflict, leading to many violent events, such as

Summary Of Brian Friel's 'Translations'
The play 'Translations' is set in a Gaelic–speaking, Hedge school in Northern Ireland, 1833. Brian Friel explores the modernization affect individuals
and communities that occurred as a result of the conquering English language. He examines how language shapes reality, whilst questioning the
assumption that any two people can share the same reality; ideas can be translated between cultures without necessarily being altered. The play offers
a parable about the fate of a parochial attitude for those who are not familiar with Irish history. Brain Friel is considered to be "concerned with the
nuances of both personal and cultural–national identity and its relation to colonial dispossession, issues of home, language, tradition...' (Bertha 2006,
154). Friel writes a story of how one nation lost its language, culture and literature as a result of being conquered by another. He explores the reasons
behind this loss and the ways in which society can overcome this sense of isolation.
There is a sense of forced assimilation through the loss of the Irish language, with the reoccurring feeling of isolation appearing to be the result. A lack
of mutual understanding is present between not only the British and Irish but also the Irish themselves, for there are common disputes about
conforming to the English language. "The native language declined, not as an outcome of British policy so much as because an entire generation of
the Irish themselves decided no longer to speak it" (Kiberd 1995:

Rocking Infant Poor And Unlucky Travelers By Jonathon Swift
Writing of devouring infant poor and unlucky travelers, Jonathon Swift satirically writes of the tyranny of England. The 18th century began with a
great struggle between Ireland and England. The world power of England encroached on the rights of the Irish including monitoring their right to their
own parliament and regulating their trade clearly benefitting the English. England had left Ireland starving and impoverished. Jonathon Swift, an author
at the time, wrote several essays intending to spite the English and call the Irish to action to fight this oppression. The Irish did not respond. Terry
Eagleton and Daniel Coleman's theories prove that in his attempt to move Ireland to action Swift in actuality pacified their need to rebel again the
encroaching English. His literature provided the humanization to prevent violence, the information to prevent further action, and the vicarious
experiences that fulfilled the peasants for retribution. It will be my pleasure to discuss, as Derrida would argue, that because Swift's essays can be
centered on both sparking and abating an uprising the structure of the essays have been destroyed and therewith their meaning. Eagleton said, "If
masses are not thrown a few novels, they may react by throwing up a few barricades." (Eagleton 45) Eagleton is speaking here about the start of
studying English as a subject, but would not Swift's essays have the same effect? Eagleton states that there is something humanizing and assuaging
about

Frank Mccourt's Essay 'Home For The Heart'
Social justice and equity are both common ideals to achieve in society. However, social injustice has been more frequently shown throughout history.
The poem,"No Irish Need Apply," the exhibit "Home for the Heart," and the magazine article "The Education of Frank McCourt" are all pieces of
literature that shows the hardships that individuals have to face when searching for social justice and equity. As life progresses, the need to achieve
social justice becomes more desirable. Social justice and equity tends to affect all people of all age and race.
Due to the harsh conditions in Ireland, several families decided to immigrate to Eastern Canada and the United States in search for equity and social
justice. In the exhibit "Home for the Heart" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Barbara Sande Dimmitt, author of "The Education of Frank McCourt" writes, "[h]ungry was ever–present for Frank, who one day felt so starved that
he licked grease from a piece of newspaper someone had used to wrap fish and chips." Ever since his family moved back to Ireland in search for a
better life, they have not been treated like human beings. Although everyone is said to be treated equal, Frank McCourt and his family did not
have the same experiences as people of higher standings. One day in school a teacher told McCourt that he can do better in his life and so he did,
"Five years later, in 1949, he scraped together enough money to buy passage back to America"(The Education of Frank McCourt) in search for the
American Dream. Once he arrived in America, he decided to change his life for the better and he wanted to achieve social justice. Dimmitt then states
"[i]t was the fall of 1970 and his first week of teaching at Seward Park High School" McCourt found social justice and equity twenty years after he
immigrated to America. He managed to achieve the American Dream and showed that social justice and equity are

Essay on The Penguing Classic Early Irish Myths and Sagas
The Penguing Classic Early Irish Myths and Sagas
The Penguin Classic Early Irish Myths And Sagas exhibits a great cross–section of the many examples of the stories told by Iron Age Celts. These
stories revolve around the customs, battles, gods, and heroes of the ancient Celts. It is said that a great deal can be learned from Irish tales about the
clothing, weapons, houses, and other aspects of the material culture of the Iron AgeCelts 1 and that the stories are more valuable for scholars of society
than scholars of religion 2.
The question if these stories are a good 'window' on the Iron Age is a difficult one. Firstly historians can not even confirm what happened in the time of
the Iron Age Celts, secondly, without much... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The character Cu Chulaind could grow to abnormal sizes to defeat enemies like in the first story of " The Boy hood Deeds of Cu Chulaind" where
he fought and proved himself to all "three fifties" of the young boys. Then in the second story he is conquering enemies at the age of six to save
his people and their name. These stories even have supernatural pigs. The pig in "The Tale of Macc Da Tho's Pig" was so big that 40 oxen had laid
across it and its stomach was enough for a meal for nine men. 4
Beside these logical impossibilities historians have also found mistakes in the historical interpretations of these stories. The research in Ronald
Hutton's book "The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles" tells of many errors in the in the references in association with the proposed time
line. The archeology suggests that the earliest literature was not a window on the Iron Age but on the early Middle Ages in which it was composed.
In many of the stories they speak of gathering in Halls, fighting with swords which came about in the Viking age, and riding in chariots from the
Christian times 5. The real Iron Age Celts had a simpler way of living than the higher class they are portrayed to have enjoyed living in.
The stories in the book "Early Irish Myths And Sagas" can tell us a great deal about the Celtic Peoples praying to more than one god. Some of the
stories tell us who their gods were, what their

T. F. Thistleton Dyer's The Ghost World
The Banshee, originally known as the Irish fairy creature, originated in the Celtic Isles of Ireland, Scotland, and Great Britain. This legend has been
passed down through generations due to its persistent haunting nature. The angry female spirit flies several feet above the ground at night terrifying
people with her ghostly screams. A Banshees' high pitched shrieking foresees the death of someone shortly to come.
The ghostly woman has no physical body, but she may appear wearing a long funeral robe and unkempt hair. Though this is the most common, it is
only one of the several different forms in which the banshee may appear. The old hag is also said to be seen as a washerwoman washing the blood off
someone's clothes who is about to die. She may also appear as a unearthly, beautiful young woman. No matter her age she almost always is
characterized as wearing a long flowing robe with long hair of the same color.
This fairy woman has been known in Gaelic myths and legends for centuries, but as early as 1898 she made her first appearance in literature. In T. F.
Thistleton Dyer's "The Ghost World" he explains how only ancient families are honored with the visit of the Banshee. Although through not much
honor but misfortune a family is brought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John D.Seymour and Harry L. Neligan and Cry of the Banshee(1970). The Cry of the Banshee a movie about the Whitman family who hunts and kills
witch covens.The witches have wolf like howls, if a howl is heard when a person is brought in for questioning they are seen as "devil–marked" and
killed in spite of risk. The witch curse, that Whitman soon believes is over as he leaves with his last two remaining children, is revealed to be far
from over. The film ends with Whitman stopping at a cemetery where he finds an empty coffin. He hears a loud scream and hurries back to the coach
where he finds his two kids

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay
Irish Literature and Rebellion
In the heart of every Irishman hides a poet, burning with nationalistic passion for his beloved Emerald Isle. It is this same passion, which for centuries,
Great Britain has attempted to snuff out of the Catholics of Ireland with tyrannical policies and the hegemony of the Protestant religion. Catholics were
treated like second–class citizens in their native home. Centuries of oppression churned in the hearts of the Irish and came to a boil in the writings and
literature of the sons and daughters of Ireland. The Literary Renaissance of Ireland produced some of the greatest writers the world has seen. John O'
Leary said it best, "literature must be national and nationalism must ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, he was troubled at the thought that his pen could be the cause of war. Although he was politically active, his focus was more on the cultural
and literary realms than on a violent rebellion
"At the end of his life he was still wondering if his early writing had helped to seed the rising, to 'send out / Certain men the English shot' ("The Man
and the Echo, lines 11–12")" (DLB 19, 420). [I was unable to find a copy of "The Man and the Echo" in print so I downloaded and from the internet
and have attached it.] He goes on further to question how because of his poems, he has caused the destruction of homes and families, "Could my
spoken words have checked / There whereby a house lay wrecked?" (The Man and the Echo, line 15–16). Yeats considers himself responsible for the
death of his friends and others family. He is disappointed that his ink could be the reason for bloodshed.
The "rising" that Yeats is talking about is theEaster Rising of 1916. On April 24, 1916, a group of Irishmen that called themselves the Irish Republican
Brotherhood led by Padraic Pearse and James Connolly's Ctizen Army, posted the Declaration of the Republic on the door of the General Post Office
in Dublin and declared Ireland a free country. [I have also attached a copy of the Declaration of the Republic for reference.] Unfortunately, although
anticipated by the nationalist's leadership, the British Troops quickly suppressed the rebellion and the

Essay On Irish Dancing On Gait And Flexibility
Research Proposal.
Title:
An examination into the effects that Irish dancing has on gait and ankle flexibility.
Introduction
The topic that will be discussed in this proposal is the effects of dancing on gait and ankle flexibility in dancers. The population being researched is
dancers and will make comparisons between dancers and non–dancers. The purpose of this research is for examining the effects dancing has on ankle
flexibility and gait patterns in dancers and determining whether or not there is a difference between the gait patterns of dancers in comparison to
non–dancers. Dancing requires extreme ankle postures and unique balance. Intensive and long term practice of extreme ankle postures can cause
changes in gait patterns in dancers during normal walking (Lung, Chern, Hsieh, & Yang, 2008).
Literature Review:
The aim of the research carried out by Lung, Chern, Hsieh, and Yang (2008), was to investigate the differences in gait patterns between dancers and
non–dancers. This study hypothesized that gait patterns in dancers will be significantly different to non–dancers. Thirty–three subjects were recruited
for the purposes of the study. Thirteen of the subjects were dancers and twenty of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These injuries that occur as a result of dancing have a clear knock on effect on the gait and foot and ankle kinetics of a dancer as shown in the research
articles outlined in the literature review. There are numerous studies surrounding the injuries caused by dancing and the effect these injuries have on
gait, however the majority of these studies focus on Ballet or modern dance and do not focus on Irish dancing. There appears to be a gap in research
surrounding Irish dancing and its effects on normal gait and ankle flexibility. The purpose of carrying out this research is to acknowledge this gap in
previous

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
"A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, he addresses the great suffering that the Irish encountered under the British. Swift's proposal is a satire in
English literature. Swift starts by intimidating the unhappy fate of poverty of the Irish that spend all their time voyaging for food to feed their hungry
children. Swift comes up with a proposal to put the children to good use by selling them to the commonwealth. The author goes on to lay out his
proposal by saying there are 100,000 Irish children out of the population to be set aside for dinner. A friend of Swift suggests stewing. roasting, baking
and boiling. Swift, the author, estimates particularly how much a child should weigh to serve the absolute number of guests. Then Swift goes on saying

A Modest Proposal Analysis Essay
A Modest Proposal
Literary Analysis
By J––– –––––––––––
J––– –––––––––––
Mr. H–––––
Period 6
2 May 2011
Jonathan Swift's Use of Satire and Exaggeration Satire is a form of literature in which an author tries to demonstrate his or her point of view by
ridiculing. The author uses heavy irony and sarcasm in order to criticize a social issue. A perfect example of a work ofsatire is Jonathan Swift's A
Modest Proposal. In this satirical essay, Jonathan Swift attacks on the issue of the Irish poverty in the 1700s. The essay sarcastically suggests that
Ireland's social and economic problems would be quickly solved by putting the children of impoverished Irish families on the food market. Through
heavy exaggeration, Jonathan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example is when he states "that a child just born will weigh twelve pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, will increase to twenty–eight
pounds" (804). By giving infants a set of instructions and guidelines, in analogy to livestock, Swift tries to make it seem as if he has no emotional
attachment to the Irish children. When Swift is describing the use of children as commodities, it is ironic because his intentions are to actually
explain that the English view the whole Irish population as commodities. The English landlords are the ones responsible for Ireland's poverty. The
essay shows, through sarcasm, that the English have purposely took everything from the Irish because they view them as commodities. One example
of sarcasm used to portray that idea is that the utilization of infants will be "proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the
parents, seem to have the best title to the children" (804). It is very apparent that Swift blames the English for Ireland's problems. He also blames the
Irish Catholics that allowed English policy to break down Ireland. The essay illustrates that the greed–filled English have taken away everything from
the Irish. This includes their material things such as their money, their

The Irish Revival Poem
Still after the official Irish Independence in 1922, the Irish people needed to find an identity free of the English influence but also of the Catholic
morality and the values celebrated by the Revival, an identity which could be in step with the times and truly represent them. It was a particularly
difficult task for intellectuals and writers. They found themselves almost shut up by Irish censorship and rejected by the bigotry that mostly
characterized the middle–class society for decades after the Independence. Michael O'Donovan in a speech about censorship in 1962 said that writers
had to face the bookless homes, the horrible libraries each with its own little group of censors, snuffing out sex that the Censorship Board had failed...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In another poem, Revival, emerges a reflection about the Irish language. It seems like people in the 1960s were still trying to learn it, as it was in the
1920s, but the results do not give the impression of being good. In the poem, some people who are grouped together to listen to him, an Irish poet,
do not know Irish and he does not have translations for his poems, almost symbolizing that he cannot make for them the great effort of learning a
language as difficult from Irish, "'How the Irish Language Revived Me!'/ ('after nearly shaggin' killing me,' [...]" (235). Then, we can observe that in
Davitt's poetry as in O'Brien's fiction there is the contrast between rural and urban experience, nonetheless the attitudes towards this theme are
different. If the two girls in The Country Girls move to Dublin in order to have a new life, to free themselves from the constraints of their life in the
countryside, in Davitt's poem Limerick it is evident how, despite the fact that the poet can adapt to the life in the city, there is a diffidence and
uncomfortableness. The tone that he used to depict urban people seems to be sarcastic I should learn to accept

How Did W B Yeats Contribution To Irish Nationalism
The aim of this thesis is to concentrate on those poems of W.B. Yeats which deal with Irish Nationalism. His poems intimately connect history and
literature. The MLA 7th edition format has been used in writing this thesis.
Nationalism is a doctrine invented in Europe in the beginning of the nineteenth century. It pretends to supply the criterion for the determination of the
unit of population proper to enjoy a government exclusively of its own, for the legitimate exercise of power in the state for the rights, organization, of a
society, of states. Briefly, the doctrine holds that humanity is naturally divided into nations, that nations are known by certain characteristics which can
be ascertained, and that the only legitimate type of government is national self–government. (Kedourie 9) The nation–state is the focus of nationalism.
Nationalism is a sentiment and an ideology. Nationalist sentiment means giving primacy to national interest above all interests. Nationalist ideology
may be defined as a desire of a group people living in a particular geographical area to become an independent nation by evolving their own language,
symbol, flag and declaring national festivals, and people living in that area following these rules. It is about loyalty towards the nation and if the nation
is under colonial rule then the national movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yeats' contribution to Irish nationalism is literary. He took part in political activities but through his writings he tried to revive a sense of pride among
the people of Ireland. He wanted Irish literature to have its unique place among the literature of other languages. During his youth, he wrote poems to
arouse nationalistic feelings, to revive a glorious past and heroic days and to protest against the atrocities inflicted on the Irishmen by the British. But
later on, due to bitter experiences, he became a realist and his poetry was patriotic but universal in theme. His view of the world matured in his later

Jonathan Swift Comparison
Aldous Huxley and Jonathan Swift both have a different way of bringing society's attention to the real problems of the world. Both authors utilize the
"New Historicism" lense as an influence to each of their pieces of literature. From 1729 to 1932, there were plenty of historical conflicts that could
help each author make society want to change the current problems that they were facing. In 1932, Huxley satirizes the sexual freedom and moral
decay of the
Roaring 20s in Brave New World. In 1729, Swift satirizes the rising problem of overpopulation inIreland in his short story, "A Modest Proposal". Over
population resulted in a great famine and it affected most of the people living in Ireland. A popular theory about overpopulation by
Thomas Malthus influenced Swift's short story and Huxley might have used it to contribute to his novel.
In Brave New World, there were many historical commonalities that could have potentially inspired Huxley. Huxley wrote Brave New World
following the Roaring 20s and during this time period, jazz music was making its debut and people viewed it as sexual music.
Although Huxley was very cautious and often chose to stay away from ideologies, he used Brave
New World to satirize how the citizens threw out relationships and exchanged them for sex.
Characters forgot their morals and viewed sex as recreational instead of reproductive. Jazz music was very influential and one very vital instrument to
jazz music is the saxophone. In Brave New
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