3. Fossils are remains of ancient
organisms trapped in rocks, tar
pits, frozen in ice, or embedded
in
amber.
EVIDENCE FROM
FOSSILS
4. EVIDENCE FROM
FOSSILS
Evidences Found in Fossils
• type of climate and ecosystem
• age of Earth and other species
• geologic relationship
• mineral deposits
• evolutionary phases in
organisms
Fossils let you
visualize the past.
8. Homologous Structure
Similar physical features
in organisms that share
a common ancestor.
Features that are similar
in structure but appear
in different organisms
and have different
functions
ANATOMICAL
EVIDENCE
9. Analogous Structure
Some similar structures of organisms,
not sharing the same ancestry, but
serves similar purpose.
Similirities indicates how organisms
adapt to its environment for survival
and possible evolutionary change.
ANATOMICAL
EVIDENCE
10. Vestigial Structure
Structures or attributes that
have lost most of its ancestral
function in more recent
species
Most are still structurally
evident in the organism but
no longer used or serves it
(definite) purpose .
ANATOMICAL
EVIDENCE
11. Modern toothed
dolphin Evolution
• Reduction of hind limbs
• Front limbs flattened into fins
• Dorsal fin
• Streamlining
biology.stackexchange.com/questions/65743/does-evolution-go-
only-in-one-direction
12.
13. EMBRYOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE
fish salamander turtle chicken human
Common structures are
shared in the embryo
stage of very different
organisms that eventually
disappear by the time the
embryo reaches
the juvenile or adult form
suggest evolution from a
common ancestor.
14.
15. MOLECULAR
EVIDENCE
Living organisms share:
• The same genetic
material (DNA)
• The same, or highly
similar genetic codes.
• The same basic process
of gene expression
(transcription and
translation).
• The same molecular
building blocks, such as
amino acids.
16. Cytochrome C
is a mitochondrial
protein that is
involved in the
electron transport
chain during ATP
synthesis.
Its major role is to
carry electrons from
one complex of
integral membrane
proteins of the inner
mitochondrial
membrane to another.
MOLECULAR
EVIDENCE
17.
18. BIOGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE
Similar organisms may also
be found in different
locations which could mean
that the two places were
previously connected and
possible migration of
organisms.
19. Today’s
humans come
from 3 main
lineages-
African, Asian,
and European
descent.
Genetically,
there are not
separate races,
but there are
unique features
associated with
each lineage.
22. Recent Evidences of Evolution
• Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
• Pesticide Resistance
• Variation in the Beaks of Finches
• Industrial Melanism in Peppered Moth
• Domestication of Dogs
• Cultivation of Crops
• Mosquito mutation
• Reemerging diseases such as malaria,
tuberculosis, cholera, pertussis,
influenza, pneumococcal disease, and
gonorrhea, etc.
23.
24. EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
preserved remains of
previously living organisms
provides a historical image of
the past
FOSSIL RECORDS
analogous and homologous
features in different species
explains how species evolved
STRUCTURES
EMBRYOLOGY
supports the theory that
organisms have a common
ancestor and explains why
embryos develop into
different species over time
MICROBIOLOGY
at some level, organisms
possess the same genetic
molecules that reflects
genetic evolution
BIOGEOGRAPHY
distribution of organisms on Earth
follows patterns that are best explained
by evolution
