PC components

1. Dr. CK Tan, UMS 1
Computer Components:
Hardware
and Software

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Microcomputer Hardware
Three main parts of a computer:
• System Unit (CPU)
• Input / Output (I/O) Devices
• Storage: primary (RAM) and secondary

3. Dr. CK Tan, UMS 3
The Motherboard
ISA
PCI

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Discussion
When does a computer become problematic? Why?
ERASE

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Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory)
– holds programs and data temporary
– volatile memory

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RAM (Volatile Memory)

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Memory
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– fixed start-up instructions
• CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor)
– flexible start-up instructions

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Memory Measure
Unit Capacity
Kilobyte (KB) 1,024 bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1024 KB
Gigabyte (GB) 1024 MB
Terabyte (TB) 1024 GB

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Input Devices
• Mouse
• keyboard
• Touch-surface
• Touch screen
• Joystick
• Scanner
• Connect a phone to a PC

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Output Devices
 CRTs (Cathode-Ray Tubes)
 Flat-Panel or LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display)
 Data projectors (LCD Projectors)

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Printers
 Ink-jet Printer
- uses spray technology
 Laser Printer
- uses laser beam to produce images

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Printers
 Dot matrix
- uses a series of small pins (print head)
 Plotters
- special-purpose printers

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Hard Disks
 Also known as fixed disk
 Metallic disks with multiple platters
 Fast information (speed ranges from
3600 – 7200 rpm)
 Read-write heads
 Capacity:
ranges from 500 GB to 2 TB

14. Dr. CK Tan, UMS 14
Human hair
dust particle
fingerprint
smoke particle
disk head
disk surface
Materials that can cause a head crash
Why does a hard disk crash?

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It uses a laser beam to read light
reflection from flat areas (lands – 1s)
and bumpy areas (pits – 0s). It is used
for permanent storage
2 types:
 CD-ROM (Compact disc-read-only
memory)
 DVD-ROM
Optical Disks

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Important Hardware for Multimedia
 Scanners (useful for scanning printed
graphics)
 Digital cameras (for capturing images)
 Digital video cameras (for capturing full
motion digital video for video clips
production)
 Webcams
- videoconferencing/capture motion
video/still images
 Graphics accelerator: speed-up gaming

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Discussion
When are the factors will you consider before buying a
multimedia computer?
ERASE

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• A program consists of the step-by-step
instructions that tell the computer how
to do its work
• Convert data (unprocessed facts) into
information (processed facts)
• Two major kinds
– System software
– Application software
Software

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Systems Software
 Behind the scenes activities
 Designed to handle
– Technical details
– Where programs stored
– How commands executed
– Where files saved
– How output handled

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Categories of OS
 Hundreds of operating systems
 Three basic categories
– Embedded – hand-held
– Network OS – linked computers
– Stand-alone OS – desktop

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Major OS
 Windows – 80% of market
 Mac OS – powerful and easy to use
 UNIX – network; originally designed for
Web
 LINUX – non proprietary; free off Web
(potential for out-sourcing of software)

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Utilities
–Hard disk crashes
–Antivirus programs
–Computer freeze-ups
–Decrease operation slow-
downs

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Device drivers
 Specialized programs
 Loaded into memory each time
 When you add a new device, you
must install the device driver

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Language translators
 programming language into
computer language
 Translators (browser) and
compilers (VB Compiler)

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Application Software
 Used by many people
 Basic applications
 Common tasks
Examples of application software:
word processor (MS Word)
presentation (MS PowerPoint)
spreadsheet (MS Excel)
database (MS Access)
web authoring tool (MS FrontPage)

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Software Suites
 Convenient and effective data
sharing
 Less expensive
 More expensive
 Most Widely Used
– Microsoft Office

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Discussion
When are the common problems of using Wiundows OS?
ERASE