Primate Observation Essay

Primate Observation Essay
On Friday, March 31, a observation study was conducted at the L.A. Zoo. The time of arrival for the
observation was at 11:48 am and the end of the observation was at 2:42 pm. The weather condition
at the zoo was very sunny with a mild gust of wind every so often, which is a perfect weather
condition to conduct a study. The main reason for conducting this observation study was to study
and gather information about the many different types of primate that are located at the zoo. To see
how different or similar each primate is to one anotherin different aspects. The first primate that was
observed at the L.A. Zoo was the Orangutan or by it's scientific name Pongo. The observation began
around time of 12:54 pm and ended around 12:44 pm. This ... Show more content on
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For the Orangutan in the zoo each enclosure they had a total of three orangutan in each pen, most
were all adults, except one which was a young juvenile. As well as it is appear to be that none of
these orangutan are a part of a subgroup because some, if not all isolated themselves from others. In
which is very common according to Lang C. (2005), "Adult males and independent adolescents of
both sexes range alone while adult females range with their dependent and weaned offspring"
(Primate Factsheet pongo, para. 1). So the zoo's orangutan act very similar to the wild ones. Next the
differences is how are they physically built between in each others. For the orangutan, if they are
standing they are about 5 feet tall, however including arm and leg span due to how they are built to
climb and swing to places their body size will be seven feet tall. Another difference was that they
had no tail due to they ancestors evolution to who they are now, which remove the chance of having
the ability to have a prehensile tail in the process. The last physically difference is their hands. They
have all fingers and thumbs, but they don't use their thumbs to grab; they use mostly their fingers to
grasp objects. Which make them who they are
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Spirits Of The Forest Analysis
Lemurs are creatures that are solely found on the island of Madagascar and islands off the east coast
of Africa. These species have diversified greatly into niches because of no competition from other
primates (since other primates are not present on the island). In the documentary, Spirits of the forest
(Lemurs), several species' physical and behavioral adaptations are described. Some of these species
include the mouse, ring–tailed, sifakas, and Indris lemurs. Lemurs are described to resemble dog–
like primates whose eyes are faced forward. This physical characteristic contributes to binocular
vision, which helps lemurs gauge the distance between trees. They have strong olfactory capabilities
compared to other primates and bond by grooming one another. Ring–tailed lemurs are more
terrestrial than arboreal. Females are the dominant gender in their society. They form close troops of
about ten to twelve, or even possibly more than twenty members of each troop. Daily, ringtails
spend part of their time on the ground in the dry forest and bush. Their physical features include
long tails with white and black rings. Their tails are held high which helps hold the troop together.
Ringtails spend a part of their time on the ground eating leaves, flowers, and small invertebrates to
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They have distinctly high pitched alarm calls that signal the threat of predators that target their
young. From the documentary, this specie seems to reside in both the dry forest and lush rainforests.
They rely heavily on scent marking to identify their home range. Their locomotion is leaping from
tree to tree. In terms of their young, the offspring suckles for three to months but as they grow, tend
to explore more and more. When twins are born it indicates a rich supply of food. In particular, they
eat mud from termite mounds for nutrition and forage on the ground eating spiders, and pods of
trees, leaves, shoots, and

Are Lemurs Primates? Essay
Are lemurs considered to be a primate? What is a primate and what does a primate consist of? A
primate is known for having hands and feet that are very similar to the look of their hands. They also
are known for their forward–facing eyes. Primates are not just lemurs. Primates also include
prosimians, monkeys, apes, and even humans. The first primate to be developed was a lemur. The
word lemur in latin means ghost because lemurs are a nocturnal animal. A Lemur is also an arboreal
primate, which meaning that they live in all kinds of trees. All breeds of lemurs have a slightly long
pointed snout and typically have a long tail. Lemurs have been around for nearly over 2,000 years
(Garbutt 10). This was when they first stepped foot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though the government of Madagascar has many different laws stating that lemurs should be
protected in their habitat, some hunters have decided to go against the laws and hunt all lemurs
anyway. Scientists have tried to help save lemurs by capturing them and putting them in a captive–
breeding programs to help them to be able to give them a better chance of surviving (Jolly 76).
There are around 70 different breeds of lemurs and about 16 of them have become extinct (Riley 6).
There are many different breed of lemurs and researchers are still finding more and more different
breeds every year. There are three new lemurs found off the coast of Africa in Madagascar. The
three new lemurs are all considered to be mouse lemurs. They were named microcebus
bongolavensis, microcebus danfossi, and microcebus lokobensis. And since the year 2000, the
number of known mouse lemur species have nearly doubled from 8 to 15 different species. The
scientists have cautioned that the number of mouse lemurs may be slightly altered if they find more
genetic DNA that shows the other named mouse lemurs are not actually unique species (3). One
breed of lemur that has been around for many many years is called the indri lemur. Although the
indri has a smaller tail than all the other lemurs it is one of the larger lemurs. They also live in the
Madagascar and jump from tree to tree and land on each branch in an upright position. The indri
lemur also almost never goes down to the

Primates Essay
Primates
Since the beginning of time, man has evolved through primate evolution. Each primate has acquired
different characteristics over a period of millions of years. The ecosystem has experienced an
enormous change in this phase. Most major changes have occurred due to the phenomenon of
continental drift. Other such factors are deforestation, natural calamities and, more recently, global
warming. These changes have caused primates to become less arboreal and more and more
terrestrial. In order to survive the pressures of natural selection, terrestrial life and other factors
primates have developed more upright locomotion, changes in body configuration, increase in size
and loss of hair. Over a period of millions of years, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Coquerel's Sifaka are another example from this era. They originated from the forests of
Northwest Madagascar. They eat mostly leaves, flowers and fruits. They are the second largest
lemurs. Sifakas have long legs, which enable them to jump from tree to tree in an upright position.
Another primate belonging to this era is the Galago. They are bushed babies varying from cat to rat
size. The most striking features of the Galago are its huge eyes, long tail and large hind legs. Brain
size is average and their vision and hearing are well adapted to nocturnal insect hunting. Their limbs
enable them to make rapid leaps from branch to branch. They claim territory with there scent
leaving smelly footprints.
The Crowned Lemur, which is also an example of this era, is found in extreme Madagascar. They
eat fruits, flowers and leaves. They stay mainly in trees and are active during the day and at dusk.
The crowns on their heads are furry head caps. Females have a lighter crown then males do.
The second epoch is Eocene (53 m.y.a.). A group of primates called the tarsiers came into existence
in this era. They came from Southeast Asia in the tropical forests. Tarsiers usually leap onto their
preys from lower branches and shrubs. They classify as prosimians and are related to lemurs and
lorises. The similarities are pertaining to their body size, large ears and grooming claws. They have
very long toes and fingers and their fingertips seem to be composed of a rubbery

Sifaka Research Paper
The Coquerel's Sifaka (Propithecus verrauxi coquerii) is a species of lemur found exclusively in
Madagascar. Their bodies are covered in thick, coarse fur that is white on their torsos and dark
reddish brown on their fore– and hindlimbs, with dark faces and white noses. P. coquerii are a
diurnal species of folivorous and frugivorous primates that live in either deciduous or evergreen
forests, and typically weigh 3.4–3.6 kg. Females are dominant over males, and they typically
congregate in one male–one female mating pairs or multi–male multi–female social groups. Males
will compete for dominance in order to be able to mate with females in the group. Lemurs exhibit
more scent–marking behaviors than most other primates, and use their throat, wrist, and anogenital
glands to scent mark their habitats and signal to other lemurs. The Bronx Zoo has two adult
Coquerel's sifakas in its exhibit, one male and one female. The exhibit is the first that guests see in
the zoo's Madagascar hall, which houses ring tailed lemurs, red ruffed lemurs, and other animals
from the region. The Coquerel's sifaka exhibit itself is tall but relatively narrow, extending
approximately thirty–five feet vertically and about fifteen feet horizontally. The opening ... Show
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This locomotor behavior is excellent for achieving fast motion, and a sifakas could cross the
enclosure with only two leaps in just seconds. However, because the enclosure was relatively
narrow, the sifakas were unable to leap more than one to two times in a row unless a vertical aspect
was part of the movement. If more than two solely horizontal leaps had been attempted, they would
have crashed into the walls. When descending down trees or the stone walls of the enclosure, the
sifakas preferred to descend rump first, but would leap to another tree as soon as the action was
possible, seeming to avoid climbing style

The Species Of Madagascar : Madagascar. Prosimians Are...
Prosimians in Madagascar Prosimians are those primates that evolved before the anthropoids. The
first prosimian appears in the fossil record about 55 million years ago. Before the appearance of
anthropoids, prosimians were quite prevalent. Their fossils have been discovered in all corners of
the world, including Europe, Asia, Egypt and even in the northwestern United States. Madagascar is
the world's fifth largest island located off the east coast of Africa. While Madagascar broke away
from Africa, more than 120 million years ago, it 's puzzling to scientists that lemurs evolved only 55
million years ago. Madagascar is world–famous for its lemurs, primates that look something like a
cat crossed with a squirrel and a dog. These animals are unique to the island and display a range of
interesting. One of the theories of how lemurs got to Madagascar is that they rafted there on clumps
of vegetation. Once monkeys and apes appeared, daytime active prosimians were out competed and
disappeared. Only nighttime active prosimians occur outside of Madagascar because there are no
nocturnal monkeys or apes in those regions, except for the night monkey in South America. Sixteen
species of lemurs have become extinct, most likely due to habitat destruction and hunting by
humans. The largest of the extinct lemurs was known as Archaeoindris and was about the size of a
male gorilla. Some of these extinct lemurs were ground dwelling while others lived in the trees and
moved very much like

Essay on Preventing the Extinction of the Simpona Lemur
When many hear about a lemur, they immediately think of the movie Madagascar and the fun loving
role that is played by the lemur King Julien; similarly, when hearing the name Madagascar, many
think of the land of the lemurs. However, what would happen if there were no more lemurs? This is
a harsh but readily approaching reality of Madagascar today. Lemurs are known as the world's most
endangered mammals, and specifically the Simpona, otherwise known as the Silky Sifaka lemur, is
critically endangered. If treatments of Madagascar's habitat, specificity the small mountainous area
of northeastern Madagascar where the Simpona lemur reside, continue being treated as they are
today, this will not only lead to the complete extinction of this rare ... Show more content on
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Therefore, extinction is highly possible for these lemurs because if they become extinct in the wild,
there will be none left in the world at all.
One of the biggest factors effecting the Simpona lemur population is tourists. Although tourists
come to marvel on the beautiful agriculture and species that make up Madagascar, they are
unfortunately contributing to the decline of the Simpona lemur. As the tourist rates increase
destination resorts increase, which then leads to reduced land for wildlife. Tourists are wanting to
reside within the forest to be "immersed" in the environment and have the ability to see the wildlife
from the comfort of their hotels (Simpona). This has meant deforestation had to occur to make room
for hotels located within or right near the undamaged forest. As a result this leads to people
questioning why they would go to the extent of damaging the forests and reducing the population of
lemurs for the tourists. This is a result of tourism having a major role in the economy. Tourism is a
crucial part of Madagascar's economy and without tourism the economy would plummet. This
country has become so reliant on attracting tourists that it has become one of its biggest forms of
income (WWF – Endangered Lemur Fights for Survival in Madagascar). Due to tourists being
interested in the island's biodiversity Madagascar has attracted visitors for various reasons ranging
from family vacations to scientific research. However, the main

Non Human Primate Reproductive Strategies
A key element in the life of any individual is to be able to reproduce. Nonhuman primates number
only 250 species but display great diversity in grouping patterns. We call some of these types of
groupings a one male polygyny or monogamy. However, the main focus today is that these primates
have evolved different strategies, behavioral and ecological, to cop with the need to balance limited
food supplies while avoiding predators with intensions of mating and or harming their offspring. It
has been assumed that in order for male primates to reach mating success, they must have to take on
the task of always being present to the female and her offspring's. I believe that I will argue that
monogamy and one male polygyny are different yet both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(Dunbar, 1983) Among mountain gorillas, half of all the groups are one male. However, females
leave from one group to another. "Polygynous females might be compensated for loss of exclusive
paternal care by mating with a genetically superior male, thereby increasing the likelihood of their
progeny's survival and ability to produce offspring (Alatalo and Lundberg 1986)." (Hoglund, J.
1995) The competition for these mating opportunities is driven by the female's choice. When this
occurs, the males lose females to another one male group and it exploits what males mating
opportunities. When one male group doesn't have the luxury of having females, they form or join a
group of males similar to a bachelor's group. In some of these species, the group of males attacks the
one male group in order to take his throne and seize the females (Hoglund, J. 1995). Sometimes, the
females may get tired of sharing the male with the other females in the group. Hoglund recorded
(1995, pg. 76) "so they seek out males from all male groups to mate with during breeding season.
Such influxes occur seasonally between blue monkeys (Rowell, 1988), Hanuman Langurs (Boories
et al., 1999), ring–tailed lemurs (Sussman, 1992), and sifakas (Richard 1992)." A nonhuman

Primate Observation Paper
Behavior observed in each primate Patas Monkey They are very fast and can be able to run within
short distances using the most minimal time. It takes less than 10 seconds to run within a distance of
approximately 100 meters. While the animals move around they try to monitor the environment as
quadrupedally and monitoring of the environment can be able to take as much as up to ten minutes
in any case they have doubts of where they are, this alerts them of any predators. Consortship is a
situation where the two animals would stay close to each other and monitor the movement and
environment of each other. This is done as long as the animals are out in an environment that is not
seen as being friendly. The patas can be seen to be less vocal and they move around in silence, they
make certain noise only once when they have seen a predator. The noise or the sound takes just a
few seconds as long as the danger is taken away Siamangs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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They are clean primates that like grooming, and while observing them in the morning they would
groom each other for about 10 minutes. They clean the hair of one another using their fingers. Just
like any other primates, the Siamangs also do sleep, and based on the observation that I had they
sleep for up to around 8hours. They sleep alone with one individual hurdled on each other on the
tree trunk, sitting up right. The male and female have a throat sac which they inflate in order to
make a defining sound, this takes place within seconds. The sacs are important in making their call
even much louder than the rest of the gibbons. Brachiating; this is the movement that is used by the
Siamags to move from one branch to another in what is done very fast and acrobatically () This
movement can take as little as seconds depending on the places that they are moving to.

Primates : The Species Of Tropical Forests
Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of
prosimians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new
environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological
and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in
body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this
information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to
the transforming environments interacting with natural selection, primates developed their own
ways to move better (meaning changes in locomotion) with different types of bodies (meaning
changes in body configuration). Grade I – Lemuroids Lemuroids, including true lemurs, lorises and
galagos are the most primitive ones among the living primates. As they are the first grade of
primates, they evolved in about 65 million years ago, in Paleocene epoch. Lemurs and lorises are the
most primitive because they are more close to ancestral traits such as their reliance on olfaction,
which enhances the sense of smell. Having dental comb, which formed by forward–projecting lower
incisors and canines for feeding and grooming claw on the second toe are some distinguishable
identities. Lemurs are only found on Madagascar and its adjacent islands. They vary in numerous
species and ecological niches since they

Endangered Species Of Primate
Humans have always been a destructive species. Throughout history, and especially recently,
humans have been the cause of many species going extinct or threatened of extinction. Primates are
no exception to the destructive and damaging effects. Humans feel as if they are superior to other
species, even those who are biologically similar to us. Humans feel the need to dominate other
species which is one reason primates are being hunted. Many people who hunt primates claim that
they are hunting for bushmeat. This statement is true, but it is not necessary in many areas where
there are many more sources of protein. Some people in certain areas hunt primates for the sport of
it, which is extremely devastating to many different species of primates. There have been some
efforts made in order to protect certain species of primates. Another cause for endangered species of
primates is deforestation. Some efforts that have been made are nature sanctuaries and creating laws
against hunting. What needs to be done in order to decrease hunting and deforestation is education
of subject to the people of the areas.
One species of primate that is critically endangered due to the effects of humans, is the Hapalemur
alaotrensis, or commonly referred to as the Alaotra Gentle Lemur. This lemur is critically
endangered due to severe anthropogenic effects. Their habitats are destroyed by humans through
fires and deforestation. They are then forced into small areas around them where they cannot

Primates Observation: Spider Monkey and Sifaka Essay
I chose to study the behaviors of the Spider monkey and the Sifaka. I chose them for a few reasons,
one being that Spider monkeys are incredibly adorable and two Sifaka's remind me of a childhood
television show, Zoboomafoo. These two primate groups also struck my attention in class, so this
project was a perfect opportunity to dig a little deeper. The behaviors I chose to observe were social
interactions and locomotion. The biggest differences I noticed between the two primates were that
the Spider monkeys have the prehensile tails and without exerting extra energy is able to engage in a
few common locomotion patterns such as quadrupedal, suspensory and bipedalisim. Where as
Sifaka's lack a tail, and remain upright at all times, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the first video I watched, there were two monkeys up in a tree hugging. Monkey 2 continued to
embrace monkey 1 by wrapping their arms around the other. The whole time this was happening,
both monkeys were making calls that sounded like squeaking–turkey gobble– vibration type noises.
They follow each other around from branch to branch, shaking the branches and jumping
simultaneously. They play in the same fashion that little (human) kids do. In the second video, a
male and female monkey are at a habitat at the zoo. The male monkey keeps 'petting' the female
monkey suggestively, and doesn't really care that there is an audience. They keep holding and
touching each other's shoulders as though something is wrong, just as a human would do. The male
monkey also keeps trying to get the female to stand up, she is very docile the entire time and at this
point she rolls over onto her back–– he continues to grab her shoulder and keeps pointing upwards,
probably to a more appropriate mating place. I literally felt like I was watching a drunk freshman
girl getting taken advantage of by a frat boy at her first college party, these primates are a lot like
humans. In the third and fourth video, monkey's sit in peace as they eat, two of the monkeys have
babies hanging on their backs. One of the smaller, I'm assuming baby monkeys keeps hanging
halfway over their mother's shoulder to check out what she is eating– I am curious as to why the
babies are not

Madagascar Lemurs And Spies Sparknotes
This documentary, Madagascar, Lemurs and Spies, was touching both in terms of realization of what
is at stakes here and the overall separation there is between our society and what happens in the
most biodiverse places on the planet Earth. The overall combination of beautiful landscapes from
Madagascar, the sensibility and love for these animals shown by the scholar living there and the
constant danger and drama present in this situation of conservatism on this Island produce a perfect
accord for a great documentary. The beauty of the Silky Sifaka or pure white lemurs is astonishing
and it is a shame that we need to protect so intensively creatures of this value. They are critically
endangered and are only found on the island of Madagascar. ... Show more content on
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Most of the trees cut down will be used especially for furniture like tables, chairs, or desks, but also
for expensive guitars like Gibsons. The amount of wood timbered illegally is both impressive and
terribly sad. The saddest part is that without even realizing it we are complicit in this situation since
most guitars and furniture are sold in the United States, Europe or even China as mentioned in the
documentary. These objects sell for a lot of money to wealthy people and this contributes to the
development and growth of illegal deforestation. I find unbelievable the amount of wood taken
down and at the same time there is no action made by the government to stop the trade. It seems that
foreign countries do more the conservation of the forest and the specie than the country of
Madagascar or at least this is how it is depicted in the documentary. Overall, this short movie
provides a good point of view on the situation, however, I believe that there is not a strong enough
emphasis on the other threats possible like global warming, hunting or any other possible
conservation issues. It is mainly focused on the wood trade and the danger concerning lemurs in this
place, but usually species are not endangered just because of one cause. Global warming is a
growing concern all around the world and Madagascar, being an island, could be touched even more
by the sea level

Primate Evolution
Primate Taxonomy Primate Taxonomy Introduction This first lecture is designed to introduce the
primate order in terms of its classification and to familiarise you with the animals so that the rest of
the course makes some sort of sense. I will cover a working definition of what makes a primate, give
you a general classification scheme, describe the major features that identify the groups within the
classification and discuss some of the controversial areas of the classification. I shall treat the
taxonomy as a synonym for classification which seems to be its commonest current usage, although
you should be aware that some people consider taxonomy to be more about the principles behind the
classification than the classification itself. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 6 shows a selection of mammalian skulls. The primate skulls are the two on the right and as
you can see, they have relatively short snouts. Obviously there is a huge amount of variation in
gross skull shape across the mammalian class, but certainly, on average, primate skulls tend to be
short. Elaboration of the visual apparatus, with the development of varying degrees of binocular
vision. Orbits ringed with bone. Figure 6 also shows the characteristic morphology of the primate
orbit. The eyes face forward for binoccular region, the eyes tend to be quite large, and the orbit is
either a fully enclosed cup (as in the chimp in figure 6) or a lateral post–orbital bar (as in the aye–
aye). In most other mammals (for example the bear and kangaroo), the eye is simply plastered onto
the side of the skull and held in place by soft tissue. Page 6 of 21 Primate Taxonomy Reduction of
the olfactory apparatus The reduction in the size of the snout and the increased reliance on vision
has also led to a relative reduction in the olfactory apparatus compared to many other mammals.
This is again apparent from figure 6 and is associated with the reduction in size of the snout. Loss of
certain elements of the primitive mammalian dentition. Preservation of a simple

Lemur Research Paper
There are many different types of animals in Madagascar, one you know as your friendly ring tail
lemur zoboomafoo, there are many types of lemur there but the most common are ring tails. There
also is the aye aye , a small little rat with eyes as big as the moon, with ears as big as its face.
Another animal is the fossa, it is a very odd , it is like a puma and a dog mixed together.
Some of the different types of lemurs you will see in Madagascar are the bamboo lemur, black
lemur, dwarf lemur, indri, weasel lemur, mouse lemur, red–fronted brown lemur, ring tail lemur,
verreaux's sifaka, black and white ruffed lemur.
Welcome to Madagascar, a gorgeous island south west of Africa in there own world. It's a beautiful
place filled with many different types of flora and fauna. With beautiful views and landscapes. ...
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There are also many historical sites in Madagascar, one of them being fort manda, its has so much
history to show you and the tour guild is fun and interactive with the group.
I Salo National Park is a National Park in the Ihorombe Region of Madagascar. The park is known
for its wide variety of terrain, including sandstone formations. The Avenue of the Baobabs, is a
magical line of trees that grow in a sertan arena with small ponds along the road with them .
Blue pool is a gorgeous lagoon surrounded by so much flora and fauna you could sit on the edge and
watch lemurs jump around and and the different types of

Cerebroarterial Amyloidosis
Proteins play a critical role in normal human function and are made up of a sequence of amino acids
that have to be precise, to allow for proper folding to a functional three dimensional structure
(confirmation). This sequence is coded in the DNA in genes and hence any changes through
mutation or allele combinations can cause a change in the protein(s) coded, resulting in a diseased
state. Such a case is a disease called Cerebroarterial Amyloidosis, Icelandic type (CAI) that arises
from a mutation on chromosome 20 in the CST3 gene located in the short arm of the chromosome
(20p11.21).1 It is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease and the mutated gene leads to the
protein translated (cystatin C) having a leucine being substituted with a Glutamine ... Show more
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Of all this, the most closely related are the chimpanzee, cow and

The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration...
The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration
Calista Lee
Anthropology 115
The Evolution of Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration
Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of
promisians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new
environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological
and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in
body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this
information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have nails in all digits except for the grooming claw on the second toe. Their arms tend to be
shorter than their legs, and they have strong hind legs for jumping, storing the elastic energy, which
allows them to jump up to 6.6 feet.
Figure I. Galago showing its hands that grasp on the branch tight.
Grade II – Tarsiers The second grade of primates evolved about 53 million years ago, in Eocene
epoch. There are five tarsier species that all live in the islands of Southeast Asia, where they inhabit
from tropical forest to backyard gardens (Jurmain, et al, 2011). They are considered to be closely
related to lemurs and lorises (prosimian family) for the several traits that they share with Grade I
primates while having some anthropoid features as well. However, tarsiers have distinctive
characteristics that isolate them from other primates. They are categorized as the smallest creatures
among the primate species and they are well known for their enormous eyes which is as large as its
brain. They are normally nocturnal insectivores but sometimes carnivorous. They catch insects by
jumping at them and as they jump from tree to tree, they even hunt for birds while in motion. The
body size grows from 4 inches to 6 inches. Being one of the smallest primates, they comparatively
have large hands and feet that

Comparing Platyrrhine And Euroasia
Modern non–human anthropoids consist of New and Old World monkeys and the great and lesser
apes that inhabit a range of environments throughout North and South America, Africa, and
Euroasia. At least 90% of the anthropoid population consists of monkeys. There are two distinct
Parvorders of anthropoids that have been evolving independent of each other for at least 30,000,000
years: the Platyrrhine and the Catarrhine. These two diverse groups of species can be distinguished
from each other most easily based on the form of their noses and by the number of specific types of
teeth. Today, Old World monkey habitats range from tropical jungles to semiarid deserts and
seasonally snow–covered areas throughout Africa and South–East Asia. In comparison, ... Show
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Current ideas suggest that the common ancestor of humans and African apes lived only about 5–8
million years ago; so, for more than 50 million years, humans and the African apes have shared
primate ancestry. Within this ancestry, a new level of movement began to come into existence
known as bipedalism: the ability to walk and run upright on two legs. There are various theories
about when our ancestors started walking upright, but a popular view is that perhaps about 7–million
years ago, early hominids began to adapt to a climate that was cooling globally. The huge rainforest
expanses in Africa were being replaced with savannah and patches of woodland, requiring the tree–
climbing apes to become more adept at walking on land. Our ancestors who ventured out into the
savannah were rewarded with roots, shrubs and occasional animal carcasses, ensuring that those
who walked on two legs were more likely to survive. Even so, the jump from trees to land is not all
that significant because some of the early hominids' anatomical structures may have already been
pre–adapted to bipedalism while climbing trees and stretching for fruit. Bipedalism primarily
allowed hominids to free their arms completely, enabling them to make and use tools efficiently,
stretch for fruit in trees and use their hands for social

Silky Sifaka Research Paper
The silky sifaka (Propithecus candidus), or silky simpona, is a large lemur characterized by long,
silky white fur. It has a very restricted range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally
as the simpona. It is one of the rarest mammals on Earth, and is listed by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as one of the world's 25 most critically endangered primates. The
silky sifaka is one of nine sifaka species (genus Propithecus), and one of four former subspecies of
diademed sifaka (P. diadema). Studies in 2004 and 2007 compared external proportions, genetics,
and cranio–dental anatomy supporting full species status, which has generally been accepted. The
silky sifaka has a variable social structure, and lives in groups of two to nine individuals. It spends
most of its day feeding and resting, though it also devotes a considerable amount of time to social
behaviors, such as playing and grooming, as well as traveling. Females occasionally take priority
over males during feeding. Like other eastern sifakas, it consumes mainly leaves and seeds, but also
fruit, flowers, and even soil on occasion. It is a seasonal breeder and only mates one day a year
during the start of the rainy season. As with other sifaka species, non–maternal infant care is
common. Group members of all ages and both sexes will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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A few groups have also been found in the Makira Forest Protected Area, the Betaolana Corridor, and
some unprotected forest fragments. The silky sifaka is hunted throughout its range as there is no
local fady (taboo) against eating this species. Habitat disturbance, such as slash–and–burn
agriculture (tavy), illegal logging of precious woods (particularly, rosewood) and fuel–wood, also
occurs within the protected areas where it is

Primate Observation Essay

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