Prehensile Tail Research Paper

Prehensile Tail Research Paper
Prehensile Tails
Creatures have a variety of traits that make them unique. This can include traits such as having
scales as opposed to fur or having claws or opposable thumbs. As traits are passed down from
generation to generation, individuals of the species that have traits that help them survive and thrive
in their current environment tend to reproduce more. This leads to a higher frequency of the
population having this desireable trait. When a creature has a trait that allows them to survive and
thrive in their environment, this trait is called an "adaptation." (OpenStax, 2013)
One example of an adaptation that helps creatures thrive in their environment is the prehensile tail.
A prehensile tail is a tail that can be used to grasp objects in the environment. For ... Show more
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Through natural selection these prehensile tailed mammals were able to reproduce and the
adaptation was passed on to their offspring.
(Mirajkar, 1970)
Regarding adaptations, there are two main types; homologous adaptations and analogous
adaptations. In a homologous adaptation, creatures with the adaptation are all thought to come from
a common ancestor. In an analogous adaptation, the adaptation develops separately because of a
common necessity, but a common ancestor is not present. Prehensile tails would be considered
analogous. While many monkeys have a common ancestor, prehensile tails have also been seen in
reptiles and fish. The structure of each different type of tail is radically different. Some lizards have
detachable prehensile tails, while the prehensile tail of most monkeys is an extension of vertebrae
from their spinal cord. This suggests that they do not share a common ancestor. (Homologies and
Analogies, n.d.)
Another way to classify adaptations is into convergent and divergent evolutions.
In a divergent evolution, a common ancestor eventually gives way to several different adaptations.
Adaptations that come from a common ancestor are called
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Essay On Primates
This observational research lab seeks to explore and analyze the differences between primates, both
gorillas and monkeys as well as the shared traits with humans in terms of observed behaviors. More
importantly, emphasis will be made on the contributing differences between primates in relation to
humans. Additionally, the effects of captivity will be studied through its influence of behavior of
both primates. In studying of our closest living relatives, the Primates, I observed the Western
Lowland Gorilla and the Common Squirrel Monkey. I visited the San Francisco Zoo and
systematically recorded observation from both primate species. Twenty–five observations were
recorded onto a field chart to be used later to compare and contrast ... Show more content on
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This allows the squirrel monkey to navigate the tree branches that support its light weight. As it lives
in the canopy, it must use its tail for balancing. Gorillas spend most of their time on the ground and
thus have no use for a tail. Additionally, squirrel monkeys use walk quadrupeally on their palms,
while the gorilla uses its knuckles. A gorilla tends to walk on both legs, but is better suited to walk
on all fours. As they are both primates, they also share visible physical traits. Surprisingly, their
dental structure. Gorillas and squirrel monkeys both have canines which are used for threat gestures.
Their molars are better suited to chew insects or vegetarian food that they might find. Both primates
have frontal facing eyes, resulting in a higher reliance on vision rather than smell. When it comes to
studying their behavior, different traits become less apparent. In observing them in captivity, both
primates appeared bored, inactivity or resting was the norm for the one hour that I observed both
species. However, their social structure and heirachy revealed interesting traits. Squirrel monkeys
live in enclosures that house a mixture of males and females. They spend most of their time foraging
for food or resting with their tails in between their legs for stability. To the untrained eye, it is
difficult to distinguish the sex for a squirrel monkey. The lack of visual emphasis on male
dominance seems

The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration...
The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration
Calista Lee
Anthropology 115
The Evolution of Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration
Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of
promisians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new
environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological
and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in
body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this
information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have nails in all digits except for the grooming claw on the second toe. Their arms tend to be
shorter than their legs, and they have strong hind legs for jumping, storing the elastic energy, which
allows them to jump up to 6.6 feet.
Figure I. Galago showing its hands that grasp on the branch tight.
Grade II – Tarsiers The second grade of primates evolved about 53 million years ago, in Eocene
epoch. There are five tarsier species that all live in the islands of Southeast Asia, where they inhabit
from tropical forest to backyard gardens (Jurmain, et al, 2011). They are considered to be closely
related to lemurs and lorises (prosimian family) for the several traits that they share with Grade I
primates while having some anthropoid features as well. However, tarsiers have distinctive
characteristics that isolate them from other primates. They are categorized as the smallest creatures
among the primate species and they are well known for their enormous eyes which is as large as its
brain. They are normally nocturnal insectivores but sometimes carnivorous. They catch insects by
jumping at them and as they jump from tree to tree, they even hunt for birds while in motion. The
body size grows from 4 inches to 6 inches. Being one of the smallest primates, they comparatively
have large hands and feet that

Primate Observation Essay
On Friday, March 31, a observation study was conducted at the L.A. Zoo. The time of arrival for the
observation was at 11:48 am and the end of the observation was at 2:42 pm. The weather condition
at the zoo was very sunny with a mild gust of wind every so often, which is a perfect weather
condition to conduct a study. The main reason for conducting this observation study was to study
and gather information about the many different types of primate that are located at the zoo. To see
how different or similar each primate is to one anotherin different aspects. The first primate that was
observed at the L.A. Zoo was the Orangutan or by it's scientific name Pongo. The observation began
around time of 12:54 pm and ended around 12:44 pm. This ... Show more content on
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For the Orangutan in the zoo each enclosure they had a total of three orangutan in each pen, most
were all adults, except one which was a young juvenile. As well as it is appear to be that none of
these orangutan are a part of a subgroup because some, if not all isolated themselves from others. In
which is very common according to Lang C. (2005), "Adult males and independent adolescents of
both sexes range alone while adult females range with their dependent and weaned offspring"
(Primate Factsheet pongo, para. 1). So the zoo's orangutan act very similar to the wild ones. Next the
differences is how are they physically built between in each others. For the orangutan, if they are
standing they are about 5 feet tall, however including arm and leg span due to how they are built to
climb and swing to places their body size will be seven feet tall. Another difference was that they
had no tail due to they ancestors evolution to who they are now, which remove the chance of having
the ability to have a prehensile tail in the process. The last physically difference is their hands. They
have all fingers and thumbs, but they don't use their thumbs to grab; they use mostly their fingers to
grasp objects. Which make them who they are

Primates Essay
As humans we try to view our origin as species and it is important for us to understand how we
evolved through time. Anthropologists study primates so much because primates have the most
similar characteristics to humans, allowing us to learn more about our past. There are a few methods
that Primatologists use to make their research relevant to anthropology: field study, laboratory study,
and semi–free ranging. Field studying is done in nature, where scientists study primates in their
natural habitats. Laboratory study is when the environment is completely controlled, and scientists
get to perform experiments on the learning behaviors and capabilities of animals. In semi–free
ranging studies, scientists see how primates act in the wilderness ... Show more content on
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They diverged from Old World monkeys and apes about 40 million years ago and are generally
small to medium sized primates. New World Monkeys have flat nosed nostrils and their nostrils are
far apart as well as open to the sides. They have 12 premolars with large molars and the last molar is
small or sometimes not there at all. They have prehensile tails (used like a 5th leg), no butt pads, and
are tree dwellers. They also have claws instead of nails and give birth to twins (139). In addition,
New World Monkeys live in social groups composing of mated pair. Old World Monkeys are
dispersed around sub–Saharan Africa and southern Asia ranging from tropical jungle habitats to
semiarid desert and even seasonally snow–covered areas in northern Japan (139). Old World
Monkeys contain medium to large sized primates with a narrow nostril. They have non–prehensile
tails and 8 premolars. They have a butt pad to comfortably sit and have opposable thumbs. They do
not restrict themselves to trees and are usually on the ground during the day time but return to the
trees at night. Old World Monkeys live in different social groups depending on the type. Some
species like the Savanna baboons are in large social groups with both sexes involved while the
Colobine live in small groups with one or two adult

Factors Influencing Dynamic Control Of The Helicopter Pilots
The helicopter pilots, in general, are required to be skillful in operations on both improved and
unimproved surfaces. During normal or slope takeoffs and landings with some degree of bank angle
or side drift with one skid or wheel on the ground causes the helicopter to roll. When the rollover
happens, the lateral cyclic control response becomes more sluggish and less effective than for a
hovering helicopter. Consequently, if a roll rate is permitted to develop, a critical bank angle may be
reached where roll cannot be corrected, even with full lateral cyclic, and the helicopter will roll over
onto its side. As the roll rate increases, the angle at which recovery is still possible is significantly
reduced. The critical rollover angle is also reduced. So, the goal of this essay is to cover the factors
influencing dynamic control such as solo flight, cross wind, tail rotor thrust etc. and understand the
recognition of dynamic rollover, how to avoid it and steps required for recovery. In addition, the
effects of critical rollover angle on dynamic rollover and factors influencing dynamic rollover are
also discussed.
Introduction:
An increasing percentage of helicopter accidents are attributed to dynamic rollover, results in
destruction of helicopter and some serious injuries to the helicopter pilots and crew. The dynamic
rollover is a condition of power flight, where helicopter tends to roll laterally. When a helicopter is
lifting off the ground or it is hovering with one

Old World Monkey Research Paper
Modern Evolutionary Classification The Cercopithecus aethiops, otherwise known as the vervet
monkey is a species that has inhabited East African woodland savanna trees for thousands of years
and is considered to be an old world monkey. The twenty–two inch long twelve pound omnivore
primarily eat fruits and leaves, but in some cases will eat small mammals and birds and rarely drink
water. Since the vervet monkey is considered an old world species, it inherently has a "close–set
nostrils that are downward or forward facing, a tubular ear bone, and a tail, if present, that is never
prehensile...adapted for grasping or holding" as can be seen viewing fossil records. (Old World
monkey). Because of their tree dwelling nature along with

Primates Observation: Spider Monkey and Sifaka Essay
I chose to study the behaviors of the Spider monkey and the Sifaka. I chose them for a few reasons,
one being that Spider monkeys are incredibly adorable and two Sifaka's remind me of a childhood
television show, Zoboomafoo. These two primate groups also struck my attention in class, so this
project was a perfect opportunity to dig a little deeper. The behaviors I chose to observe were social
interactions and locomotion. The biggest differences I noticed between the two primates were that
the Spider monkeys have the prehensile tails and without exerting extra energy is able to engage in a
few common locomotion patterns such as quadrupedal, suspensory and bipedalisim. Where as
Sifaka's lack a tail, and remain upright at all times, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the first video I watched, there were two monkeys up in a tree hugging. Monkey 2 continued to
embrace monkey 1 by wrapping their arms around the other. The whole time this was happening,
both monkeys were making calls that sounded like squeaking–turkey gobble– vibration type noises.
They follow each other around from branch to branch, shaking the branches and jumping
simultaneously. They play in the same fashion that little (human) kids do. In the second video, a
male and female monkey are at a habitat at the zoo. The male monkey keeps 'petting' the female
monkey suggestively, and doesn't really care that there is an audience. They keep holding and
touching each other's shoulders as though something is wrong, just as a human would do. The male
monkey also keeps trying to get the female to stand up, she is very docile the entire time and at this
point she rolls over onto her back–– he continues to grab her shoulder and keeps pointing upwards,
probably to a more appropriate mating place. I literally felt like I was watching a drunk freshman
girl getting taken advantage of by a frat boy at her first college party, these primates are a lot like
humans. In the third and fourth video, monkey's sit in peace as they eat, two of the monkeys have
babies hanging on their backs. One of the smaller, I'm assuming baby monkeys keeps hanging
halfway over their mother's shoulder to check out what she is eating– I am curious as to why the
babies are not

Teleosts
dinosaurs from the Mesozoic era, and are consequently referred to as Teleosts, the title of the
infraclass for seahorses and a myriad of other species (SFSU Geography and Dames N 2000). Refer
to Figure 4 for a visual representation of Hippocampus ancestry and adaptations. Teleosts, which
were believed to have evolved roughly two hundred million years ago, are commonly called bony
fish in reference to their evolved tail bones and new dorsal fins, additions that granted Teleosts
heightened mobility, agility, and predatory skills (SFSU Geography and Dames N 2000). The slowly
evolved absence of caudal fins made specialization and adaptation a necessity for Syngnathids
(SFSU Geography and Dames N 2000). The first of the Syngnathids, the Pipefish, was believed to
arise about fifty million years ago from the Eocene Epoch and gave way to the slender, reed–like
bodies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among this adaptation came the genome allowing for males to develop brood pouches and the
ability to nurture embryos within these pouches, although seadragons and pipefishes carry their
fertilized eggs in skin folds rather than a brood pouch (SFSU Geography and Dames N 2000). Early
taxonomy described over one hundred different species of the Hippocampus genus and mistakenly
designated names for members of the same species, meaning that the actual count of distinct species
is far lower (SFSU Geography and Dames N 2000). The color–adapting nature of the seahorse made
taxonomy quite difficult initially, but forced researchers to analyze the various species based upon
other characteristics, such as body size or the number of rings on their prehensile tails (SFSU
Geography and Dames N 2000). Recent research has narrowed the number of one hundred species
down to a much more accurate and reasonable thirty two, with little debate as to the legitimacy of
this figure (SFSU Geography and Dames N

Prehensile Tailed Skink ( Corucia Zebrata )
Prehensile–Tailed Skink
(Corucia zebrata)
The prehensile tailed skink (Corucia zebrata) is an endemic tropical squamate that is found
inhabiting all major islands of the Solomon archipelago in the Southwest Pacific. It is considered to
be one of the largest known skinks and has many common names such as Solomon Island skink,
giant skink, monkey–tail skink, Solomon Island prehensile–tailed skink, or simply, Corucia. And
just as the common name indicates, C. zebrata possesses the interesting adaptation of a prehensile
tail (Vosjoli, 1993). The Latin name, zebrata, is indicative of their zebra stripe ornamentation. The
genus Corucia is monotypic and only consists of C.z. zebrata and a subspecies population, C.z.
alfredschmidti, also known as the Northern prehensile–tailed skink that inhabits Bougainville Island
in the Solomon islands (Harmon, 2002). There is an unfortunate small amount of information known
about this species in the wild, but what has been studied and is known, has led to the belief that this
is somewhat of an unusual and ecologically unique species among the Scincidae (Hagen, Evolution
and Ecology of the Prehensile–Tailed Skink, 2011).
Physical Description and Adaptations Corucia zebrata have been shown to exhibit some degree of
sexual dichromatism and dimorphism, however the differences are not highly distinctive between
the sexes in allowing for easy interpretation (Vosjoli, 1993). C. zebrata have large cylindrical

Lizard Adaptations
Josiah
Lizards
The lizard is a fascinating creature. Lizards vary in size, shape, ability, dietary needs, habitat, and
mating. For instance, the Komodo dragon is bigger than a gecko, needs more food to eat, and eats a
different source of food. The iguana will live near the water, while a ruin lizard will live in grassy
fields, parks, or gardens. Nonetheless all these animals are still lizards. It is intriguing to learn about
the habitats, predators, and characteristics of lizards.
Lizards have different habitats some choose sunny places to put their homes, while others will live
in shady spots. Then there are the lizards that live in the dessert where it is nice and hot, but they
live under shelving or loose rocks because they need some protection ... Show more content on
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Most lizards that live in the shade will have smooth and soft skin. This will help the lizard crawl
through tight spots. If the lizard is a chameleon then it will have a specialized tail and feet. Their tail
is a prehensile tail, this means that they can use their tail to curl around a branch; their feet are also
special because they can use them to grip tightly to a branch. Chameleons live in trees, but they do
not have soft skin; they have hard skin and horns for protection, along with their ability to
camouflage (Bishop, 22, 26).
The lizard is not friends with everybody. There are animals that when they see a lizard they do not
see the cute or cool animal that we see; they see a snack, or dinner depending on the animal. These
animals consist of birds, snakes, or even other lizards (Knopf, 487–580). When a lizard notices a
snake slithering through the ground, it most likely will not try to fight it. Now that is depending on
the size of the snake and the lizard. Obviously, if the lizard is a lot bigger than the snake then it will
fight, or the snake will just turn away. If the snake is bigger than the lizard, then most likely the
lizard will dash away or climb up a tree. Some lizards will actually stand still, so that way they are
not noticed by the snake. (Bishop,

Fairy Tail Alternate Ending
The man walking down the ally looked towards the voice that seemed to beckon him. His name was
Kira and he stood at a fairly average height of 6 feet tall. His skin was tanned and he had short
brown hair. He was fairly in shape as well, his profession as a mercenary insured that. His brown
eyes locked onto Mira's red ones...they seemed to glow, which he found odd, but he was enchanted
by them and by her voice.
"Of course...a warrior lives to help beautiful ladies...what can I do for you this evening, madam...?"
Kira bowed as he showed he was quite eager to help her. Knew that things had been strange
recently, people vanishing. He figured maybe she just wanted an escort for the evening, which he
would be happy to provide....he didn't want such a beautiful girl to ... Show more content on
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He was a vampire, one of the oldest around and his vampric abilities made him immortal and nearly
impossible to kill. He reveled in making himself stronger and taking on powerful foes, and he had a
feeling he would have a chance to do that in this new world.
He and his partner...a girl he referred to as "Police Girl" were making their way towards Fairy Tail to
join their ranks. They worked for the Hellsing Organization and they fought against the
supernatural. Once the dust had settled and they had figured out what had occurred, the higher ups at
Hellsing realized that a powerful being was moving in the shadows and making ready to strike at
this world. Only by allying themselves with a strong ally could Hellsing hope to combat this
menace. That is what Fairy Tail would be.
"So, Police Girl...are you ready to make some new friends?" He asked his partner with a chuckle, his
voice calm and smooth like it always was. He peered at her from beneath his glasses to gauge her
reaction as they neared the guild hall. He was hoping to meet some powerful people hear. Based on
the rumors and news he had heard, there should have been a

Apes: Difference Between Old And New World Monkeys
1. Apes generally weigh more and are larger than monkeys larger and heavier than monkeys. 2.
Monkeys have tails and Apes do not. 3. Apes are physically more like humans. They stand up
straight and are able to walk on two legs. 4. Apes are broad chested. 5. Apes rely more on their
vision rather than scents. They sometimes have shorter noses than monkeys. 6. Apes have larger
brain ratios to body size in comparison to other animals. Apes have a larger brain to body size ratio
compared to monkeys. 7. Monkeys reside in South America and Apes live in Africa and Asia. 6.
What is the difference between Old and New World monkeys? Old world monkeys live in Africa
and Asia and New World Monkeys live in South America. New World Monkeys have flat

Wild Capuchin
Although it is apparent that both wild and captive capuchin monkeys are able to manipulate objects
into tools, the two monkeys do share a variety of similarities and differences. Both wild and
capuchin monkeys have the same physical features and capabilities. For example, they are both able
to swing through branches and climb trees since they are quadrupedal animals. They both have
prehensile tails that they can use to help them forage for food or stabilize their balance when moving
from place to place. Not only are their features the same, but their diets still remain the same; they
are both omnivorous and feed on insects, fruits, and other plants. Both have shown how they are
able to use rocks and sticks in useful ways. However, wild capuchins

Red Tails: a Film Critique
Red Tails: A Film Critique Robert Black ENG 225 Introduction to Film Instructor: Dwight Paulsen
October 14, 2012 "We have a right to fight for our country. The same as every other American."
Colonel A.J. Bullard (Imdb , 2012) The film I picked for my critique is Red Tails, a historical World
War II drama. The movie starred Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard and Gerald Mcraney, was
written by John Ridley and Aaron McGruder, better known as the creator of the comic strip "the
boondocks", from a book by John B. Holway, directed by Anthony Hemingway and produced by
George Lucas . In this paper the author will show how all elements of filmmaking ... Show more
An example this beautiful cinematography the takes place near the beginning of the movie in a
battle scene between the risk–taking "lightening" and a German battleship The shot setup of the
Regular scenes also shows a genius in the subtle touch of drawing in the viewer. This is best
exemplified by a long slow roll over the Italian countryside as "Lightening" drives to meet his love.
Overall Mister Aronson and his crew do a fantastic job in the visual effects of this movie, making it
enjoyable to watch. The next step after shooting is editing the film; this means that "Video editing is
the process of manipulating and rearranging video shots to create a new work. Editing is usually
considered to be one part of the post production process" (Unknown 2012).The editing job on Red
Tails was handled by Ben Burtt and Michael O'Halloran. The team does an outstanding job of taking
the breathtaking shots of the cinematography team and putting them into chronological sequences
giving the film the look and feel the director intended. This is especially evident in the battle scenes
such as the aforementioned plane versus battleship where the editors cut between the cockpit and the
ship showing the determination of the pilot as well as the frenzy of a battleship in action. Another
great editing job is in a battle scene that takes place after the pilots attack a German ammo
compound where one pilot is captured and another

Male and Seahorse
Seahorse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the
animal. For the mythological animal sea–horse, see hippocamp. For other uses, see Seahorse
(disambiguation). Seahorses are a genus (Hippocampus) of fish belonging to the family
Syngnathidae, which also includes pipefish and leafy sea dragons. There are over 32 species of
seahorse, mainly found in shallow tropical and temperate waters throughout the world. They prefer
to live in sheltered areas such as sea grass beds, coral reefs, or mangroves. Colonies have been
found in European waters such as the Thames Estuary.[2] From North America down to South
America there are approximately four species, ranging from very small in size (dwarf ... Show more
Furthermore, to measure the toll that incubation takes on a male, Masonjones built a tiny respirator
that records oxygen concentrations in water flowing into and out of a chamber. Before a male took
on eggs, she checked his baseline need for oxygen. Then, she monitored the increase as the
incubation progressed. The male's body had to work hard by the end of incubation, consuming
almost a third again as much oxygen as he did before mating. To correct for oxygen used by the
growing brood, Masonjones managed to keep Â¼ inch–high premature seahorses alive outside the
pouch so she could measure their oxygen needs. Although they undergo weeks of incubation, males
directly contribute only half as much energy for offspring as females do. [5]Therefore, they do in
fact fit into the widespread pattern of the less–invested sex being the less–choosy. {text:bookmark–
start} {text:bookmark–end} Adaptations The question of why it is the males who undergo
pregnancy rather than the females is actually not entirely known, though some researchers believe
male pregnancy allows for shorter birthing intervals, hence more offspring. When looking at which
sex has the ability to produce more young if they had an unlimited number of ready and willing
partners, males have the potential to produce 17 percent more in a breeding season. Also, females
have "time–outsâ€ from the reproductive cycle that are 1.2 times

Howler Monkey Research Paper
i. The mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) is a primate of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecoidea)
family. It is one of two species assigned to the genus Mandrillus, along with the drill. Both the
mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in the genus Papio, but they now have their
own genus, Mandrillus. ii. Mandrills will make a "silent, bared–teeth face", in which the teeth bared,
the head crest is erect and the head shakes. This may serve as a peaceful form of communication. A
mandrill submits by presenting its rump. With aggression, mandrills will stare, bob their heads, and
slap the ground. They usually use vocalizations. iii. Opposable thumbs; No tails; Flehmen in the
mandrill serves to mediate social or reproductive information, we expected its occurrence to vary
with characteristics of either the signaler or receiver.
iv. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They live throughout Africa, on the Red Sea coast of Arabia, and in Asia from Afghanistan to Japan
and southeast to the islands of the Philippines, Celebes, Bacan, and Timor.
b. Howler Monkeys
i. Howler monkey is the common name for the tropical, arboreal New World monkeys comprising
the genus Alouatta of the primate family Atelidae, characterized by prehensile, thickly furred tails,
completely black faces, a stout build, relatively large size, and loud howling calls. Their loud roars
can be heard by humans even three miles away through the dense jungle, and they have been called
the loudest animals in the New World. Alouatta is the only genus in the subfamily Alouattinae. ii.
These New World monkeys rely on olfactory signals for many aspects of social and reproductive
behavior. Specialized glands are used to mark territories with pheromones, which are detected by the
vomer nasal; this process forms a large part of the communication behavior of this primate. Findings
suggest that olfactory communication in mantled howler monkeys plays an essential role in the
context of reproduction and possibly in social

Persuasive Essay
Terry awoke to the loud pounding on the broken door of his cave. He swam outside to find nothing
but the darkness of the sea at night. He slowly floated back into the safety of his small, frugal cave.
The next morning, Terry swam outside only to find the large, green, daunting eel staring directly at
Terry. The eel's name was Hector. Terry had seen him before, swimming around the reef. Flashing
his razor sharp teeth at anyone who came near him. Hector had confronted Terry and stated, "I am
the fastest creature in this reef, and possibly the most talented sea creature in all of the Pacific
Ocean." After Terry regained his composure, he said to Hector, "If you are so sure of your
dominance in this ocean, then you wouldn't mind racing me tomorrow night."
Hector agreed to race Terry tomorrow night, and Terry immediately regretted challenging Hector to
a race. As Terry swam home, a million thoughts ran through his head. Mostly, Terry thought that he
would completely embarrass himself in front of the whole reef. Hector was three times bigger than
him! Terry arrived home and decided to go to sleep, he had a big day ahead of him. Throughout the
night, Terry slept restlessly. Eventually, Terry gave up on sleeping, and he swam to surface of the
sea. It was quiet there, so Terry can think about the challenge that lies ahead. Terry felt small
bubbles trickling his orange scales. To investigate, he dove underwater and searched for the trail of
small bubbles. When he got to the

Analysis Of The Book ' The Great Gatsby ' By F. Scott...
He thinks just because he is the son of Salamander that he is the strongest wizard in the world." said
Gray. " He and I don't get along because he has fire magic and I have ice magic." said Gray. Little
did Lucy know, he wanted to be friends with Natsu to be popular and noticed. " You know just being
friends with Natsu won't make you popular and noticed." said Lucy. " DId you read my mind!?"
yelled Gray. " Yes, I did. Celestial wizards have the power to sense presences and read people's
minds." said Lucy. " Wow, I wish I could read Natsu's mind to see what he thinks about me." said
Gray. " I think your cool and I want to be friends." said Natsu. " AAAHHHHH" yelled Natsu and
Lucy. " When did you get here?" Natsu and Lucy asked. " Using my ... Show more content on
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" Why were you afraid?" asked Lucy. " Everyone would be all over me, asking for autographs and
offering me flowers and gifts everyone kept in their rooms incase one of them or all of them came
across me." said Salamander. " Oh..." said Lucy and Gray. " So, let's get back to Fairy Tail."
suggested Salamander. " Can i come?" asked Gray. " Of course. You are a wizard, too. Also, you're
my friend." Salamander said as he walked away. Gray jumped up from the ground and ran after
Salamander and Lucy, excitedly. When they got to Fairy Tail, Salamander did not have his jacket on
because he wasn't afraid of showing himself anymore. " IS THAT SALAMANDER?!" yelled Erza,
along with everyone else. " Yes... I was known as Natsu before." said Salamander. " I knew he
looked familiar." Erza said. Erza always hung out with Salamander, but one day he went missing.
The day he went missing was the day he saved Gray. " Where have you been?" asked Erza. "I went
to save Gray also known as the unknown." said Salamander. " You were saved by the famous
Salamander?" Erza asked Gray. " Yes I was when I got lost at the age of 7 when I was walking in a
forest alone." replied Gray. " Can i be your friend?" said Erza, along with everyone else in the guild.
" Of course." said Gray. " Natsu's not Salamander." said Zeref. Zeref was Natsu's brother, who hated
him because Natsu got all the attention. " I believe Natsu because you always lie to us saying Natsu
can't do something and

Pandora Compare And Contrast Essay
Another important requirement for the process of natural selection among species is having a variety
of traits. The variation of traits to be selected upon by the environment allows for the changing of
allele frequencies among the generations of the population. One of the main sources for genetic
variation is sexual reproduction, which occurred between members of the Na'vi and members of the
Thanator species. Sexual reproduction among members of a species can lead to genetic mutations in
the DNA, which can attribute to the variability of genes. One obvious variable trait among the
hominid species of Pandora is their height. The males were typically seen to be taller in height than
the females, but with each member having a different height the trait can vary among offspring. If
the environment demands for taller offspring then it will naturally select for that trait among
individuals, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The species throughout Pandora also seem to have homologous characteristics among each other. A
homologous structure is essentially an anatomical similarity between organisms of different species
that are representative of variations on a structural basis and are derived from a common ancestor.
Different homologous structures are present depending on the species and their kingdom, for
example mammals tend to have pelvic bones and fish do not. Homology Between the Hominids and
Various Species on Pandora Much homology exists between the hominid species of Pandora and the
other species, such as the fact that the hominids have four fingers and toes on each hand and foot,
and the thanator species has four finger–like claws on each foot. This even number of phalanges
between both species must be beneficial to both of them in some way, enough so that it has become
a heritable trait that was chosen by the environment through the process of natural

Tree Vipers Research Paper
Imagine that you are in a huge forest as a survivor from a big plane crash that crashed on an island
with not much supplies to survive. Once you have gotten used to the island you gathered some food
and some wood and other supplies for the night. Suddenly, a Tree Viper is right behind and is
seconds away from biting you and you don't even notice it. CHOMP! You have been bitten and you
have nothing to do to save you. Your only option is to sit there and slowly and painfully. The snakes
by the name of Tree Vipers are members of two families named the Crotaliadae family and the
Viperidae family. Their adaptation to tree life has created changes in both their behavior and their
body structure. There are three similar kinds of Vipers named the Russell's Viper, the Carpet ...
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Moisture off of leaves is their primary source of drinking water. While some species prefer the
canopy of the tropical forests, others may live just a few feet off the ground. The home that the Tree
Viper lives in is mostly like a big forest filled with lots of plants and big trees. Large venom glands
are located behind the eyes on their distinct heads. Fangs are folded against the roof of the mouth
when not being used. During a bite the fangs are extended. Venom glands are voluntarily contracted
to force strong venom through long hollow fangs. Baby Tree Vipers are hatched from egg
membranes during the rainy season. The young snake slits the egg membrane with its egg tooth at
the moment of birth. As the babies are born, they actively grasp for the security of a branch. At birth
the young Tree Vipers weigh under a quarter of an ounce and are about 6 inches long. The baby Tree
Vipers take care of themselves from birth. Tree Vipers are active at both nighttime and daytime. Tree
Vipers live in cold and wet weather. The Tree Vipers favorite thing to do when they see their prey is

Monkey Research Paper
Introduction: HOOK: You're in a Jungle at your house eating chips, when all of the sudden you see
these large, animal jumping from trees to trees and you also saw some monkeys hanging from a tree
with their long tails.– Description Regardless how does these talented monkeys make you feel, they
are interesting animals. Thesis Statement: Monkeys has interested me since when I went to the zoo I
saw these monkeys that was hanging down from the tree and jumping trees. Today, I will share my
interest talented creatures with you. Cites Bradford, Alina. "Monkeys: Facts, Types & Pictures."
LiveScience. Purch, 28 May 2014. Web. 11 Oct. 2017. "Monkey." San Diego Zoo Global Animals
and Plants. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2017. Paragraph 1: What does

Primate Groups
The major primate groups are divided into two groups. The first main group are the Strepsirrhini's,
also called prosimians and include, Lemurs, Lorises and Galago's. The second main group of
primates are called haplorrhines and include, monkeys, apes, and humans The Strepsirrhini group
are "more primitive than other primates such as monkeys and apes." (3). Lemurs have olfactory
communication, have stink and spur fights. Lorises are known for their "nocturnal behavior and are
extremely slow in locomotion". (3). Galago's also called bush babies because their calls sound
similar to an infant, they can jump about 8 feet from a sitting position and have very strong eyesight.
The Strepsirrhini's group have a relatively long rostrum and a wet nose

Autotomy Essay
Abstract Autotomy occurs in many animals, but most research focuses on lizards as the trait occurs
in the majority of all lizard families (Downes & Shine, 2001). The most common form of autotomy
in this order is caudal autotomy, relating to the tail. What has possibly made this adaptation so
advantageous is the ability of many lizard species to regenerate their tail after autotomy. Being able
to grow a secondary tail that can perform the same antipredator function is highly beneficial, and
other tail functions such as post–autotomous thrashing and bright coloration enhance autotomous
behavior greatly. The loss of a limb may appear catastrophic for some organisms, but there are many
species that will do it voluntarily when faced with a threat. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In some species, post–autotomous tails retain the ability to flex, diverting the attention of the
predator away from the escaping lizard to the rapidly undulating tail. Acrobatic flips are
occasionally performed by the severed tails of some species, and many others enjoy great dexterity
even when not attached to their parent body (Hingham & Russell, 2009). The movement of the
autotomized tail is independent of brain activity and is instead governed by a network of neurons
inside the spine. While predictable central pattern generators are not uncommon in nature, lizard
species like the Tokay gecko (gekko gecko) have incorporated erratic and complicated movements
into their autotomized tail displays (Hingham & Russell, 2009). This unpredictable behavior is
meant to appear novel and thus noticeable to the predator, preventing it from pursuing the rest of the
gecko body. The mechanism of tail loss involves the coordination of many tissues in the tail to
prevent serious damage or danger to the lizard. Vertebrae are specialized in intravertebral
autotomous lizards, containing a fracture through the side of vertebra near the disconnection site
(Gilbert et al 2013). Most autotomous lizards contain fractured vertebrae, but a few others
autotomize intervertebrally, separating between

Primates : The Species Of Tropical Forests
Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of
prosimians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new
environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological
and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in
body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this
information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to
the transforming environments interacting with natural selection, primates developed their own
ways to move better (meaning changes in locomotion) with different types of bodies (meaning
changes in body configuration). Grade I – Lemuroids Lemuroids, including true lemurs, lorises and
galagos are the most primitive ones among the living primates. As they are the first grade of
primates, they evolved in about 65 million years ago, in Paleocene epoch. Lemurs and lorises are the
most primitive because they are more close to ancestral traits such as their reliance on olfaction,
which enhances the sense of smell. Having dental comb, which formed by forward–projecting lower
incisors and canines for feeding and grooming claw on the second toe are some distinguishable
identities. Lemurs are only found on Madagascar and its adjacent islands. They vary in numerous
species and ecological niches since they

How Has The Shocking Anti Fashion?
How has the shocking anti fashion bumsters by Alexander McQueen become a mainstream trend ?
Introduction
'We want to look like our friends but not to be clones' (Wilson 1992a:34)
Firstly I will talk about fashion and anti fashion, I will talk about where anti–fashion first began and
how it is still relevant to present day. I will refer to the book 'Fashion &Anti–fashion Exploring
adornment and dress from an anthropological perspective' adding quotes by the writer Ted Polhemus
to prove my argument. In this section I will also include fashion forecasters Li EdelKoorts view of
fashion today and her lack of interest in fashion, She explains how we should celebrate clothes
rather than the fashion of today. I will also refer to Malcolm Banard and his view on anti fashion in
his academic books 'Fashion Theory' and 'Fashion as communication'. In section two 'Alexander
McQueen and Anti Fashion' I will talk about Alexander McQueens impact he had on the fashion
industry through his controversial, shocking fashion shows through to his anti fashion collections. I
will refer to Ted Stansfield, Editor at Dazed and his thoughts on McQueens approach to design. I
have also included quotes from the books'Alexander McQueen Genius of a Generation' by Kristin
Knox and 'Alexander McQueen:Evolution' by Katherine Gleason. In section 3 Bumsters I will talk
about Alexander McQueens famous bumster trousers that were continuously seen in his 1990s and
early 2000s shows. I will mention the slow rise

Long Tail
ail
Project #4: Literature Search
"The Long Tail"
by
R. Cros
Table of contents
I. Background
II. Thesis 1 and 2
III. Thesis Findings
A. Thesis One – Consumer–Driven
B. Thesis Two – Higher Consumer Engagement
IV. Thesis Objections
V. Unanswered Questions
VI. Bibliography
VII. Abstracts (compiled)
I. Background
As a part of the MBA curriculum, a class titled Management Information Systems was given at
Roosevelt in the fall of 2009. The class dealt a great deal with how information, innovation and
technology were fundamentally changing business in America. The course focused primarily on the
importance of gathering data and converting it into information (for use by managerial ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The leadership of Grand Central make tough decisions each year, as their strategy calls for them to
cull 2 books from their three hundred, on which to focus most of their marketing time, energy and

resources. The theory is that the couple books with the most potential will "carry" their year in terms
of generating revenue. This strategy bears out for them. The sixty–one titles Grand Central had on
its front list in 2006 incurred marketing costs of $650,000, and generated $100,000 in revenue.
However, the company's best seller from 2007 incurred marketing costs of $7m, while generating
nearly $12m in revenue (Elberse 2008).
This tried and true method has been used for years, across industries, to great effect – basic Pareto
Principal. But the argument can be made that this is not a market–driven consumer approach. To the
contrary, this can be seen as an approach that works in the perceived best interests of the firms (in
terms of things like budgeting and projecting), and while it may make some use of customer opinion
data (polls, responses, feedback, market–study), it can almost not help but be flawed. In reality, this
may be an example of self–fulfilling prophesy, where the blockbuster products sell successfully,
almost arbitrarily, because of the great investment in resources and marketing.
The above scenario is one that the long tail theory tries to directly annihilate. In premise, there may
be great

Imagery In The Japanese Quince
The brief story "The Japanese Quince" merely consists of two characters, Mr. Nilson and Mr.
Tandram. He describes both men, especially in a detailed, interesting way. All expressive means and
stylistic devices are employed by the author to expose the characters. To the best of my knowledge,
John Galsworthy illustrates great imagery in this short story. He receives the reader's attention by
giving a great mental picture of the lifestyles of the two men, starting with Mr. Nilson. "As Mr.
Nilson, well known in the City, opened the window of his dressing room on Campden Hill," this
descriptive sentence shows that Mr. Nilson is well–to–do having his dressing room. Mr. Nilson, the
main protagonist, is a well–known businessman going through a rough patch owing to threatening
symptoms even though he seems quite healthy. Right off the bat, one can notice that there is a lack
of equality or similarity between the way he appears from the outside and the reality of his inner
life. As far as I'm aware, he has no life in himself because it is carefully arranged and ... Show more
Mr. Nilson admires the small tree and the song the blackbird singing. But he cannot still find the
right words to describe his experience since it is too outside the norm of his life. Therefore, his mind
cannot take pleasure in it wholly. Just as he is having this difficulty, his neighbor Mr. Tandram
comes out. Mr. Tandram is also a businessman experiencing the same worrying symptoms as
Nilson's. Although Mr. Tandram is Nilson's next–door neighbor, they have never known each other.
The men are absolutely fascinated by the tree's natural beauty. The tree explains that there are more
things in life than work and money. It seems as if they are leaving their tedious and complicated
business lives for a short time when Mr. Nilson and Mr. Tandram stops for a few moments with the
aim of recognizing how the Japanese Quince is a natural

Capuchin Monkeys: Most Intelligent And Adaptable New World
Introduction Physical Appearance Capuchin monkeys are known to be one of the most intelligent
and adaptable new world monkeys of all times. They have eight different subspecies and their
subfamily is known as the Cebinae, which includes a variety of other monkeys such as squirrel
monkeys, spider monkeys, wooley monkeys and wooley spider monkeys. Capuchin monkeys are
physically different from old world monkeys and new world monkeys. They've a dental formula of
2:1:3:3 which means they carry two incisors, one canine, three pre–molars and three molars. Their
nose shape is known as a playrrhine nose, a broad nasal spectrum with nostrils that are far apart and
open to the side. These monkeys are estimated to normally weight about six to twelve

Eye Clash Vipers Research Paper
Have you ever wondered what the most glamorous snake is? In my opinion, it's the Eyelash viper.
These snakes live throughout Northwestern South America. Eyelash vipers are one of the most
interesting snakes in the world. Eyelash vipers can be found anywhere from Mexico to Panama.
More specifically they have been found in Mexico, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala. As well as
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá, Venezuela, Colombia, And Ecuador. They usually live in humid
forests on the slope of a mountain. Eyelash vipers can live up 8,500 feet above sea level. That's 1.6
miles up or 13,517 pencils. In the wild, Eyelash vipers usually eat frogs and lizards. Sometimes, if
food is scarce, they will eat small rodents. In captivity, they usually

Essay on The Brown Spider Monkey
The brown spider monkey is a species of spider monkey that inhabits areas of the continent of South
America. The scientific name of the spider monkey is Ateles, while that of the brown spider monkey
is Ateles hybridus. The habitat of the brown spider monkey consists of the undisturbed evergreen
rainforests located in the subtropical and tropical lowlands of both Colombia and Venezuela. There
are two subspecies of the brown spider monkey, Ateles hybridus hybridus and Ateles hybridus
brunneus. (According to_____) Hybridus hybridus inhabits both Colombia and Venezuela in
rainforests extending from the right of the banks of the Rio Magdalena River into western
Venezuela. The latter subspecies, on the other hand, can only be found in the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The hands are hook–like, with four elongated, curved, fingers." (The author) then goes on to
describe how the thumb of the brown spider monkey is "reduced," which is helps in swinging and
gripping branches while the monkey travels in the upper canopy of the rainforest. The coloration of
brown spider monkeys ranges from light to dark brown on the upper parts of their body and their
head, while the inside of the arms and legs is a slightly lighter color of brown. Some individuals of
the brown spider monkey population also possess the conspicuous characteristic of a white
triangular forehead patch. Behaviorally, the brown spider monkey is a diurnal and very social
species. They live in what are known as "fission–fusion" societies in which smaller groups, up to
about 30 members, are formed during the day. Male spider monkeys usually travel in all male
groups while females travel with other females and their offspring, though it is not necessarily
unusual to find a brown spider monkey traveling or foraging alone. At night, brown spider monkeys
sleep in trees in the high canopy away from most predators. They choose a location to sleep that is
near a fruit tree so they do not have to travel far the next day to find food. Differences in sizes of
these groups occur due to varying availability of fruit. When fruit is abundant, the groups tend to be
larger and when the amount of fruit is limited they

Primates ' Characteristic Of Primates
Primates' Characteristic Primates have some features that support them for the arboreal life. First,
primates have developed grasping extremities with the divergent hallux and nails instead of claws.
These features help them grasping branches better. Second, primates have enhanced vision with the
optic convergence, which helps them look straightforward. They also have postorbital bar to protect
the eyes. Third, primates reduced the olfaction that is not useful for arboreal life. Fourth, comparing
to the other mammals, primates have large brain consider to the body size. The large brain helps
them to process the complicating reactions, and thinking. Haplorrhines primates have some unique
derived traits: the loss of tapetum lucidum, which enhances the vision in the darkness; and
haplorhini, which is dry external nose. The anthropoid primates have developed some derived traits.
They have postorbital bar with closure, and this makes a complete bony ring surrounds the eyes.
They also have fused mandibular symphysis. The Platyrrhines have the dental formula
2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3. The Catarrhines have dental formula 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3. The Cercopithecoids have the
bilophodont molars to enhance the chewing ability. The hominoids are the most developed primates,
which have some derived unique traits. They have larger brain, loss of tail, longer arms than legs,
broad thorax with more muscles, and highly mobile shoulder.
Primate Diversity Nonhuman living primates are found in five of seven

Tamandua Mexicana
Description: The Tamandua Mexicana is a medium–sized anteater with a prehensile(capable of
grasping) tail, small eyes and ears, and a long snout. The anteaters can weigh from 7.1lbs to 11.9lbs.
Their typical size can range from 102 to 130 centimeters. The anteaters type of symmetry is
Bilateral. (which is the same on both sides) Their fur is pale over most of the body except on the
upper half of the body where there is a black shaped vest.
Habitat: The Tamandua Mexicanas are located in Central and South America and their main biomes
are the savannah, rainforest, grassland, and scrub forest. When they aren't awake they rest in hollow
trees, burrows of other animals, or natural shelters.
Classification:
Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom:Animalia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mating season is year round and once they're pregnant the, length of gestation is one hundred
thirty days to one hundred ninety days. (The gestation for a human is two times longer.) They only
have one offspring at birth. After birth the young latch onto the backs of their mother and stay until a
year of age.
Diet:
The Tamandua Mexican eat a variety of foods including bees, ants, termites, fruit, and meat. The
anteaters though, are very particular about their food, they only eat meat and fruits in captivity. The
Tamandua Mexicana obtains its food by its long, expansible, and sticky saliva tongue.
Caption:
The Tamandua Mexicanas young is latched on its mother's

The Story Of The Movie ' Lucy '
Lucy Heartfilia was getting off the train as she sees a huge crowd. Lucy is a Celestial Wizard. SHe
summons spirits from another realm to help fight her battles. She walks towards the crowd and find
a man that goes by the name Salamander. Salamander personally invited Lucy to a party on his
yacht. Although, little did she know, she was being hypnotized by rings that were banned. The rings
hypnotized girls. Since Lucy knew what the rings did, she couldn't get hypnotized. A boy with pink
hair rushed over and saved her. " Are you alright?" he asked. " Yes, but who are you?" Lucy asked. "
I am Natsu, the dragon son." Natsu replied. To thank him, Lucy asked Natsu if he wanted to have
lunch. Natsu said yes and they headed off to a Cafe'. Natsu ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
" I knew it. You weren't the real salamander!" yelled Natsu. " You finally figured it out." said the
man. " Who are you then?!" yelled Natsu. " The names Bora," he said. " I knew I recognized you!"
said Natsu. They start to fight. " Natsu use dragon breath" yelled Natsu. A dragon appeared and went
start towards Bora and threw him up into the air and slammed him onto the boat. Then, Natsu used
his most powerful move. Fire wind. Suddenly, the boat started to move towards the shore and
crashed on the beach, nearly hitting a woman, her husband, and child.
Natsu came out of the boat without a single scratch. Everyone was surprised, even Bora and hi
henchmen. Bora had been flown out of the boat and was laying on the sand. He was still conscious
and was surprised that he hadn't been killed. Suddenly, Natsu ate the fire and he was on fire, but not
burning though. " Eating fire helps his magic become stronger." said Happy. " YOU CAN TALK?!"
yelled Lucy. " Yeah. I'm Happy and I like fish," said Happy. Back at the fight, Natsu was kicking
Bora's butt. He took off his little jacket he was wearing and revealed a Fairy Tail symbol on his
shoulder. " He's part of Fairy Tail!! Let's get out of here." said Bora's henchmen as the run off,
carrying Bora. Although before they had a chance to run off, Natsu used his finishing move to finish
both Bora and his henchmen. To finish them off, Natsu used Fire Dragon, which made a huge
dragon breathing fire appear. Bora and

The Human Mind In George Eliot's I Grant You Ample Leave
Imagine a person is asked to flip a coin. He is given three chances to guess whether the coin will
land on heads or tails. The first two flips, he guesses heads and both times the coin lands on tails.
Certainly the third time, the guesser believes, the coin must land on heads. He follows his instinct,
and he is wrong again. This scenario is just one example of the human mind attempting to impose a
pattern on a random phenomenon. People love patterns and order, so we create societies,
institutions, and artificial concepts like time. The human brain sees a "man on the moon" and seeks
out information confirming its hypotheses (and ignores support for the oppositions). George Eliot
critiques this beneficial, but also limiting, skill of the human mind. In "I Grant You Ample Leave,"
she argues that humans perceive pattern and connection where there is none. Line 6 of "I Grant You
Ample Leave" asserts that "You link false inference with, the 'Since' & 'so'" (Eliot, 6). Within these
few words, Eliot describes her audience with an emphatic pronoun. She then retains her audience's
attention using unorthodox styles such as enjambment and blank verse. Finally, she employs a
logogram, the ampersand, as a symbol of her poem's argument.
With the first word of the line "You," Eliot yanks the reader's attention to who her audience is. The
reader's eyes drift calmly from the end of the previous line to be startled by the capitalized and
enjambed pronoun "You." Eliot capitalized the first

The Prehensile Tailed Skink ( Corucia Zebrata
The prehensile–tailed skink (Corucia zebrata) is an endemic tropical squamate that is found
inhabiting all major islands of the Solomon Archipelago in the Southwest Pacific. It is considered to
be one of the largest known skinks and has many common names such as Solomon Island skink,
giant skink, monkey–tail skink, Solomon Island prehensile–tailed skink, or simply, Corucia. And
just as the common name indicates, C. zebrata possesses the interesting adaptation of a prehensile
tail (Vosjoli, 1993). The genus Corucia is monotypic and only consists of C. z. zebrata and a
subspecies population, C. z. alfredschmidti, also known as the Northern prehensile–tailed skink that
inhabits Bougainville Island in the Solomon islands (Harmon, 2002). There is an unfortunate small
amount of information known about this species in the wild, but what has been studied and is
known, has led to the belief that this is somewhat of an unusual and ecologically unique species
among the Scincidae (Hagen, Evolution and Ecology of the Prehensile–Tailed Skink, 2011).
Physical Description and Adaptations Corucia zebrata have shown to exhibit some degree of sexual
dichromatism and dimorphism, however the differences are not highly distinctive between the sexes
in allowing for easy interpretation (Vosjoli, 1993). C. zebrata have large cylindrical bodies and tails,
with the tails being significantly longer than the snout–vent length (Parker, 1983). All C. zebrata
possess the

Old World Monkeys
Monkey, any of a large and varied group of mammals of the primate order. The term monkey
includes all primates that do not belong to the categories human, ape, or prosimian; however,
monkeys do have certain common features. All are excellent climbers, and most are primarily
arboreal. Nearly all live in tropical or subtropical climates. Unlike most of the prosimians, or lower
primates, they are almost all day–active animals. Their faces are usually flat and rather human in
appearance, their eyes point forward, and they have stereoscopic color vision. Their hands and feet
are highly developed for grasping; the big toes and, where present, the thumbs are opposable. Nearly
all have flat nails. Monkeys habitually sit in an erect posture. Unlike the apes, most cannot swing
arm–over–arm (the spider monkey is an exception) but move about in trees by running along the
branches on all fours; their skeletal structure is similar to that of other four–footed animals.
Monkeys live in troops of up to several hundred individuals and travel about in search of food,
having no permanent shelter. As in apes and humans, the female has a monthly reproductive cycle,
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most are arboreal, but a few, such as baboons and some macaque species, are ground dwellers.
Some Old World monkeys lack tails; when a tail is present it may be long or short but is never
prehensile (grasping). The nostrils are close together and tend to point downward. Many species
have cheek pouches for holding food, and many have thick pads (called ischial callosities), on the
buttocks. Their gestation period is five to nine months. Adult Old World monkeys have 32 teeth. The
Old World monkeys, sometimes called true monkeys, are more closely related to the apes and
humans than they are to the New World monkeys; the two monkey groups probably evolved
separately from ancestral

Primate Evolution Essay
Primates have been evolving for millions of years and during this time they have adapted into
ecosystems in which they live in. Through the process of primate evolution, the most significant
impact was their changes in body structure and locomotion. Evolution is the process by which
different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms
during the history of the earth. Improving body structures and speed of movement made it possible
for the primates to escape predators and survive hostile environments. Throughout the Epoch of
Cenozoic Grades, primates developed four different types of locomotion in order to adapt to the new
environment.
Grade I Lemuroids Some of the greatest diversity of lemurs are in Madagascar, where more than 30
species are represented ( UKessays 2015). They have not changed much in the Evolutionary
timeline. This helps in understanding primate evolution because we can study them first hand.
Lemurs range in size from one ounce to 22 pounds. The Ring–tailed lemur is one of the best known
family members of the Lemuroids. They move quadrupedally in the trees and the ground. Their
spines are shaped for walking quadrupedally, but are able to hop bipedally. The lemur's spine ...
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For the New World monkeys, their long hands and legs are used for movement through the trees
swiftly. The monkeys had to develop speed in order to run away from predators and keep their food
stash safe from other animals. Their hind muscles have grown to more than a meter over time for
this speed. The general body growth has increased throughout time. The spine has allowed them to
grow two more feet. They can leap further than other primates because of this. Their tails have
developed long and strong; It's like another arm for them. They use it to hold on to branches, called
a prehensile tail, and use it for leaping and for

Prehensile Tail Research Paper

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