Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of Geography and History at a Bilingual Section in IES Parque de Lisboa (Alcorcon, Madrid) learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com

1. POPULATION
María Jesús Campos Fernández.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com

2. The Natural Movements of the
Population

3. Birth Rate or Natality Rate
 Is the total number of births (live babies born)
per 1000 inhabitants that occur during a year
in a particular place

6. Death Rate or Mortality Rate
 The number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants
that occur in a year in a particular place

8. Natural Growth
 It is the difference between the birth rate and
the death rate expressed in percentage (%).

11. Life Expectancy
 The average number of years a person is
expected to live.

12. Infant Mortality Rate
 The number of deaths of children under the
age of 1 per thousand live births. The number
of children that had died before being 1 year
old per 1000 in a year in a particular place

13. Population Density
 The average number of people per square
kilometre.
 It measures population distribution to show
wether an area is sparsely or densely
populated.

14. 1. Developed Countries
2. Developing Countries
3. Underdeveloped Countries
In Depth Study: Birth Rates and
Death Rates in the World

16. Developed Countries: Birth
Rates
 Children are an
economic burden:
they can’t work until
they are 18; they are
expensive to
maintain…
 Access to
contraceptives
 Access to education
and the labour
market: woman and
men work; lots of
years of education.
 Religion is not taken
into account when
having children
 Very low infant mortality
and long life
expectancy.
 Because of this the
goverments in
Developed Countries
try to foster natality with
pronatal policies
(subsidies, discount in
Low Birth Rates (>10º/oo)

17. Developing/Underdeveloped
Countries
 Infant mortality: they
need to have
several children so
that some of them
survive.
 Children work at a
very early age to
help the family.
 They would care for
the parents when
they are old.
 Little access to education and
illiteracy: no information about
contraceptives; few years in the
education system; difficult
incorporation to professional works,
specially for women.
 Importance of religion in their culture:
which stops them from using
contraceptives and foster them to
have as many children as they can.
 This goverments try to stop the
population for having so many
children with antinatal policies.
Underdeveloped Countries. Very
high birth rates (>30-35º/oo)
Developing Countries. High bith
rates (>15º/oo and <30º/oo)

19. Developed Countries: Death
Rates
 Ageing population: Long life expectancy.
Good nutrition; good healthcare; retirement
that allows them to have a better quality of
life; state provides services and cares for old
people.
High death rate (Between 6º/oo and 12º/oo and
sometimes >12º/oo)

20. Underdeveloped Countries: Death
Rates
 Epidemics and lack of
healthcare and
medicines.
 Wars.
 Famines and
malnutrition.
 Little access to
specialized work so
very low salaries.
 No pensions or
services from the state
that stop old people
 Little access to
potable water
 Hard works, few
labour rights.
 Very high infant
mortality rates.
 Polution because of
the lack of
environmental laws.
Very high mortality rate (6º/oo and >12º/oo)

21. Consequences of Birth Rates
 It is difficult to provide
social services for
such a big population.
 There are not enough
jobs for everybody.
 Food production is
scarce and cannot
sustain the
population. (Famines)
 There is a negative
or low replacement
rate which will make
difficult a
sustainable
economy in the
future.
 Not enough taxes
for social services
and pensions in the
future.
Antinatal Policies Pronatal Policies

22. Consequences of Death Rates
 It doesn’t deepen the
bad economic
situation.
 The high infant
mortality increases
the birth rate as the
families want to have
some surviving
children.
 Low natural growth
or negative natural
growth.
 It allows the State
not to expend so
much money on
pensions
Developing/Underdeveloped
Countries Developed Countries

23. Demographic Models

24. Demographic Models
 Stages or Regimes
 Characteristics:Data
 Countries
 Reasons that
explain the data

28. Migrations

29. Migrations
 Movements of people
from their native
country to other
places for a long
period of time.
 Emigrants-Immigrants
 Types:
 Duration: seasonal,
long-term, permanent.
 Causes: economic,
persecutions…
 Destination: regional,
continental,
intecontinental.

30.  Underdeveloped
countries.
 Developing
countries
 Less developed
areas within the
developed areas.
 Developed countries
Countries of emigration Countries of immigration

31. Mass Migration
 A great number of people move in search of safety and better life
conditions.
 Historical mass migration.
 Current migrations: Subsaharan Africa; Middle East; China (mainly
internal migrations)
 The Refugee Crisis:
 Origin: Syria
 First they moved to the closest countries.
 Then they scaped to Europe as they were not accepted in the
neighbour countries anymore and as a way to escape from war
and persecution.
 Middle class people: professionals, families and children.

35. Current Demographic Trends
and Problems

36. Trend
s
Increase in the world population (8 billion in
2015-9.5 billion in 2050) Disorganised
population growth
Ageign
Population
Especially in developed countries
(negative replacement rates)
Large families in hte underdevelped
world vs Small families in developed
countries
Urban population
International migrations
Civil
Wars
Famines
Infectious illnesses + a
deficiency of health
services in less
developed countries
Political problems (dictatorships)
Persecution
Lack of
rights
Religious or ethnic
persecution
Etnic and gender
discrimination

37. Developed by María Jesús Campos
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Chusteacher
Wikiteacher