Personality Development in Psychology. Theories and others

1. FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
Foundations of Education refers
to a broadly-conceived field of
educational study that derives
its character and methods from
a number of academic
disciplines, combinations of
disciplines, and area studies.

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF
EDUCATION
Psychology is the most
important of the foundations
of education. It plays pivotal
role in the process of teaching
and learning.

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF
EDUCATION
Education is the shaping of
behavior, whereas psychology
is the study of how, when and
why to shape these behaviors.

4. CHAPTER 4
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
EMPLOYMENT PSYCHOLOGY

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#LEMMEeatSOMEpizza
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PERSONALITY
She has a pleasant smile.
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Persona
meaning
“mask”
The sum total of
the traits and
characteristics
that we have
developed all
the years.
Personality is
dynamic
Each person
has a unique
personality.
Personality is
an integration
and
interaction of
traits.

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PERSONALITY
She has a pleasant smile.
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It is often
considered to
be the social
stimulus value
of individuals.
Personality is
the sum total
of all the traits
and
characteristics
of a person
that
distinguishes
him from
another.BACU, LUZ C., et.al.
(1993).INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY. Rex Book
Store.

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COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY
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PHYSICAL
THE BODY
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It includes
the mode of
dressing,
manner of
walking,
posture,
body build,
complexion,
and facial
expression.

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INTELLECTUAL
THE BRAIN
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It includes
how a person
talks and
what he
talks.

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SOCIAL
COMMUNICATION
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It includes
good
manners, to
act in proper
manner, to
get along well
with others.

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EMOTIONAL
EMOTIONS
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It includes a
person’s likes or
dislikes, whether
she is outgoing or
shy, whether she
is calm or nervous

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VALUES
CHARACTERS
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It includes a
person’s
attitudes,
values, beliefs
and
philosophy in
life.

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IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY
Groufie!
Let’s continue to
help!
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15. Helps you create a unique identity
among thousands.

16. A very important thing you need to remember is
that your personality, regardless of what it is
now, can develop and evolve.

17. Personality will help you build strong
personal relationships.

18. Your personality will dictate success in
your career.

19. To see the entire representation of the
individual, not just the surface.

20. To avoid mistakes in evaluating
and judging personalities.

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T H E O R I E S O F
P E R S O N A L I T Y

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Humanist Theories
⓿ Humanistic Psychology gets its name
from the belief in the basic goodness and
respect of humankind. Humanist
theorists include Carl
Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
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Ideas of Humanist Theories
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HEIRARCHY OF NEEDS
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THE PERSON-CENTERED APPROACH
BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Unconditional Positive Regard
2. Non-judgmental Attitude
3. Disclosure
4. Reflection
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Cognitive Theories
“If we perceived the glass as half full
rather than half empty, the world
will look much brighter; in a brighter
world, we are happier individuals.”
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Cognitive Theories
It explains why the brain is the most
incredible network of information
processing and interpretation in the body as
we learn things.This theory can be divided
into two specific theories: the Social
CognitiveTheory (SCT), and the Cognitive
BehavioralTheory (CBT). 27

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Social Cognitive Theories
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SCT’s Basic Concepts
1. Observational Learning
2. Reproduction
3. Self-efficacy
4. Emotional Coping
5. Self-regulatory Capability
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THE COGNITIVE TRIAD
1. THE SELF
2. THEWORLD/ENVIRONMENT
3. THE FUTURE
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ALLAN PAIVIO (1925-PRESENT)
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ROBERT GAGNE (1916-2002)
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9 EVENTS OF
INSTRUCTION

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HOWARD GARDNER (1943-PRESENT)
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MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCES

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BENJAMIN BLOOM (1913-1999)
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BLOOM’S
TAXONOMY
1. Remember
2. Understand
3. Apply
4. Analyze
5. Evaluate
6. Create

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Biological Theories
⓿ Biological approaches suggest that
genetics are responsible for personality.
⓿ One of the best known biological
theorists was Hans Eysenck, who linked
aspects of personality to biological
processes.
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Biological Theories
TWO DISTINCT CATEGORIES OF HUMAN
TRAITS ACCORDINGTO EYSENCK
(SUPERTRAITS)
1. EXTROVERSION-INTROVERSION
2. NEUROTICISM
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Biological Theories
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Biological Theories
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Behavioral Theories
John B.Watson (1878-1958) was the first to study
how the process of learning affects our behavior, and
he formed the school of thought known as
Behaviorism, now considered a sub-camps of
learning theory.The central idea behind behaviorism
is that only observable behaviors are worthy of
research since other abstraction such as a person’s
mood or thoughts are too subjective.
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Behavioral Theories
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IVAN
PAVLOV
B.F.
SKINNER

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OPERANT CONDITIONING
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Psychodynamic Theories
⓿ Psychodynamic theories of personality
are heavily influenced by the work
of Sigmund Freud and emphasize the
influence of the unconscious mind and
childhood experiences on personality.
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Psychodynamic Theories
⓿ Psychodynamic theories include
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stage
theory and Erik Erikson's stages of
psychosocial development.
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Psychodynamic Theories
Freud believed the three components of
personality were the id, ego and superego. The id is
responsible for all needs and urges, while the
superego for ideals and morals. The ego moderates
between the demands of the id, the superego, and
reality. Freud suggested that children progress
through a series of stages in which the id's energy is
focused on different erogenous zones.
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Trait Theories
⓿ The trait theory approach is one of the
most prominent areas within personality
psychology. According to these theories,
personality is made up of a number of
broad traits. A trait is basically a relatively
stable characteristic that causes an
individual to behave in certain ways.
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Trait Theories
⓿ Some of the best known trait theories
include Eysenck's three-dimension theory
and the five factor theory of personality.
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Trait Theories
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SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
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1. HEREDITARY
2. ENVIRONMENT
3. EXPERIENCE

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NATURE OF THE LEARNER
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Aspects that describes the nature of the
child as center of educative process
Ability, Aptitude, Interests, Family and Cultural
background, Attitudes
Learner’s inborn tendencies considered
important basis of teaching and learning
Intelligence, Curiosity, Emotion, Imitation,
Gregariousness, Play, Collecting and Hoarding,
Competition and Manipulation

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NATURE OF THE LEARNER
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Hereditary traits affecting learning
(Osmorod 2009) hereditary lays the foundation
for the intellectual potential of an individual, it
determines maturation, it determines
personality, etc.
Learners psychological factors that
condition teaching and learning
Intellectual factors, Learning factors, Physical
factors, Mental factors, Emotional and Social
factors, Teacher’s personality, Environmental
factors

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NATURE OF THE LEARNER
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Personality traits of Filipino students that
condition teaching and learning
Cheerful, Thrifty and frugal, Ningas-cogon,
Manyana habit, Crab mentality, Colonial
mentality, Bahala na syndrome, Lack of
discipline

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TWO KINDS OF SOCIAL NEEDS OF
THE LEARNER
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1.Affiliative needs- biologically driven
human needs wherein they require bonds
and attachments to others like
themselves
2.Status needs- the present situation need

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CHARACTERISTICS OF
ELEMENTARY PUPILS
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• Attention span is increasing
• Curious and ask many questions
• Increase ability to reason out
• Pre-occupied with thoughts of sexual
development
• Less egocentric
• Discourage easily
• Feel the need to be successful

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CHARACTERISTICS OF
ELEMENTARY PUPILS
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• More aggression to find identity
• Enjoy repetition
• Behavior affected by puberty
• Competitive but easily upset when losing
• Enjoy competition
• Develop sex antagonism
• Seeks attention and approval

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CHARACTERISTICS OF
ELEMENTARY PUPILS
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• Form social groups but exclude some
peers
• Behave in order to avoid criticism
• Becoming aware of what is right and
wrong

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CHARACTERISTICS OF
SECONDARY STUDENTS
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• Capable of formal reasoning
• Self-conscious and self-focused
• Knowledge expanded and organized
• Better at problem solving
• Moodiness and parental conflict
• Cooperative peer interaction
• Cliques emerge
• Improves decision-making strategies

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CHARACTERISTICS OF
SECONDARY STUDENTS
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• Enjoy being challenge
• Extreme physical change
• Inquisitive
• Have longer attention
• Can accomplish more complex tasks
• Process and analyze situation

63. Thank You
CHRISTINE D. BAGA-AN
christine.bagaan@deped.gov.ph