(Discussion 1) Describe a social theory that was discussed in the “Social Relationships and Health” journal article and indicate how it was used to support the research. From my understanding of the journal for this week, the social theory was how some ones health can be effected with or with out social relations. From the research it touches on how a person or people can be happy and also live longer with better health, when practicing social relationships. The article discuss how the theory of social relationships can make people stringer and healthier. It was used to support the research because the researchers conducted studies not only on humans but animals as well to prove this theory. Choose one of the quantitative research results presented in the article; describe the evidence presented and indicate which variables of the experiment were highlighted. The quantitative research results that I choose from the article was when the researchers were discovering that social relationships can cause a risk factors of mortality, and probably morbidity, from a wide range of diseases. From the readings the researchers shown that they used criteria include strength and consistencies of statistical association across a wide range of studies an cause and effect with animals and humans. An experiment of behavior pattern as an risk factor for (type A) heart disease. 1964 Surgeon general had evidence that social relationship and health increased that cigarette smoking was a cause or risk factor for mortality a range of disease. These factors are important because the researchers seen that there is less association of social relationships when it comes to smoking, because smoking is also linked to cancer. Determine the article’s conclusion in regards to social relationships in society. Based on the accompanying media piece “Why Facebook Could Be Good for Your Health Links to an external site.,” how could modern social media sites support the research findings in the journal article? Although social relationships as independent, overruling, and moderating variables affecting stress, health, or the relationships between them have been widely studied over the past decade, almost no attention has been paid to social relationships as dependent variables ( House, Landis & Umberson, 1988). I believe that modern social media sites support the claims that social variables determine both health and the nature of social relationships, both link social relationship to health. Modern social media is where you can give updates on thoughts and at one point it was some where you can express freedom of speech. The course text reading discussed how research can also use the transformative paradigm in social theory to impact social change. How does it do this and what types of societal populations can the transformative paradigm specifically impact? The researcher's role and the selection of particular paradigmatic perspectives are affected by the interse.

1. (Discussion 1)
Describe a social theory that was discussed in the “Social Relationships and Health” journal
article and indicate how it was used to support the research.
From my understanding of the journal for this week, the social theory was how some ones health
can be effected with or with out social relations. From the research it touches on how a person or
people can be happy and also live longer with better health, when practicing social relationships.
The article discuss how the theory of social relationships can make people stringer and healthier.
It was used to support the research because the researchers conducted studies not only on
humans but animals as well to prove this theory.
Choose one of the quantitative research results presented in the article; describe the evidence
presented and indicate which variables of the experiment were highlighted.
The quantitative research results that I choose from the article was when the researchers were
discovering that social relationships can cause a risk factors of mortality, and probably
morbidity, from a wide range of diseases. From the readings the researchers shown that they
used criteria include strength and consistencies of statistical association across a wide range of
studies an cause and effect with animals and humans. An experiment of behavior pattern as an
risk factor for (type A) heart disease. 1964 Surgeon general had evidence that social relationship
and health increased that cigarette smoking was a cause or risk factor for mortality a range of
disease. These factors are important because the researchers seen that there is less association of
social relationships when it comes to smoking, because smoking is also linked to cancer.
Determine the article’s conclusion in regards to social relationships in society. Based on the
accompanying media piece “Why Facebook Could Be Good for Your Health Links to an
external site.,” how could modern social media sites support the research findings in the journal
article?
Although social relationships as independent, overruling, and moderating variables affecting
stress, health, or the relationships between them have been widely studied over the past decade,
almost no attention has been paid to social relationships as dependent variables ( House, Landis
& Umberson, 1988). I believe that modern social media sites support the claims that social
variables determine both health and the nature of social relationships, both link social
relationship to health. Modern social media is where you can give updates on thoughts and at one
point it was some where you can express freedom of speech.
The course text reading discussed how research can also use the transformative paradigm in
social theory to impact social change. How does it do this and what types of societal populations
can the transformative paradigm specifically impact?
The researcher's role and the selection of particular paradigmatic perspectives are affected by the
intersection of social justice and mixed methods. A framework for using culturally appropriate
mixed methods strategies to address inequality and injustice in society is provided by the
transformative paradigm and its associated moral assumptions. There are many different

2. transformative paradigm when it comes to social theory. Things that are consider with mixed
method is the type of people that is in consideration as far as LGBT, older people and people
with different religions are just an example. A transformative worldview holds that research
inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political change agenda to confront social
oppression at whatever levels it occurs (Mertens, 2010). Thus, the research contains an action
agenda for reform that may change lives of the participants, the institutions in which individuals
work or live, and the researcher’s life( Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018).
An important aspect of impactful research is that it should be disseminated through a scholarly
document such as a research report or journal article. The author of the course text provides
some helpful tips in scholarly writing. What tips did you find most useful to further develop your
own scholarly writing in course work which requires research papers or a project?
There were a few of the writing tips that I found very helpful in this week’s reading and
something I feel like I need to do to better my writing skills are sharing my writing with
supportive, constructive friends until I am ready to go public. I feel as though me and my close
circle talk about everything and some things are criticism and sometimes I don’t like what they
say, but they are honest. Using theories deductively, investigators advance them at the beginning
of the study in the literature review. They also include them with the hypotheses or research
questions or place them in a separate section. A script can help design the theory section for a
research proposal ( Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018).
(discussion 2)
Describe a social theory that was discussed in the "Social Relationships and Health" journal
article and indicate how it was used to support the research.
This journal article discusses how social relationships can affect a person's health. People live
longer and are happier when they have social relationships. Therefore, people can become
stronger and healthier with the theory of social relationships. Thirty studies were conducted on
both humans and animals to support this theory.
Choose one of the quantitative research results presented in the article; describe the evidence
presented and indicate which experiment variables were highlighted.
Researchers discovered mortality rates for human populations in the articlarticle'sitative research
results. According to the research, 4775 adults between 30 and 69 were analyzed nationwide.
Their social relationships and mortality rates were measured in the experiment. In addition, their
physical health, job, and other factors were identified as risk factors. According to this study, a
personperson'sl health and how long they live can be heavily affected by these risk factors.
Determine the articarticle'slusion regarding social relationships in society. For example, based on
the accompanying media piece “
Why "acebook Could Be Good for Your Health Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.
,” how"could modern social media sites support the research findings in the journal article?
According to the researchers, biology and the type of personality a person may have are also
factors that may affect their health. (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988). I noticed many

3. similarities between the media piece and the media piece about how interpersonal relationships
are helpful for peoplpeople'sth. Modern social media sites all have one thing in common: they
have places where you can post photos and videos and share your thoughts. According to the
Facebook article, "usin" Facebook to strengthen or create relationships through likes, messages
and sharing maintain mental health" (Mo"ammed, 2018, page 3). According to the journal
article, the research findings are supported by this media piece, which emphasizes the positive
health effects of social media.
The course text reading discussed how research could also use the transformative paradigm in
social theory to impact social change. How does it do this, and what types of societal populations
can the transformative paradigm specifically impact?
"Thi" philosophical worldview aims to address the needs of marginalized and disenfranchised
groups. A theoretical perspective can therefore be integrated with a philosophical assumption,
which provides an understanding of the issues to be examined, the people to be studied, and the
changes necessary, such as feminist perspectives, racialized discourses, critical theory, queer
theory, and disability theory" (C"eswell & Creswell, 2018, sec 1.2). Through an integrative
paradigm in societal theory, several impacts will be felt. First, since this is considered a mixed-
method study, the types of societal populations that will benefit from this study will be those that
are different from ours—for example, gay people, people with disabilities, etc. Connecting on
social media platforms like Facebook and Messenger can benefit a persperson'slth. When people
can see and speak with each other, they feel happy, which ultimately helps their health and
prolongs their lives. The use of social media in the correct manner, because it serves as a means
for people to communicate with each other, has the potential to help people live longer lives
since they are happier, so they are more inclined to take care of themselves.
An essential aspect of impactful research is that it should be disseminated through a scholarly
document such as a research report or journal article. The author of the course text provides
some helpful tips in academic writing. What information did you find most useful to further
develop your academic writing in coursework which requires research papers or a project?
Following a schedule and getting into the habit of writing was some of the writing tips I found
most helpful in chapter four. Establish a plan that suits you best for writing and follow that
schedule every day. I found writing as thinking to be the second most helpful tip. Researchers
have cited that "wo"king out ideas on paper helps readers visualize the final product, imagine
how it looks, and enables them to clarify their ideas" ("reswell & Creswell, 2018, sec 4.2). This
tip will be valuable to me since when I write down my ideas, it does not matter if they turn out
well or poorly. As soon as I have a few ideas, I can evaluate them, determine which ones are
most suitable for my topic, and proceed accordingly. If I follow these two tips during the
process, I will be able to achieve the best results.
The Belmont Report of 1979 established three ethical principles for research. Name the three
principles and explain each principle.
1. Respect for Persons - "I" is believed that pepeople'sutonomy should be respected and that
persons with diminished autonomy should receive protection. In this way, respect for persons is
divided into two moral requirements: acknowledgment of autonomy and protection of those with
diminished autonomy" "hhs.gov, 2018, p.15). It is pertinent to note that the video adds that "t"e
subject must have informed consent. That consent must be conditioned on them having the right

4. to choose what happens to them during the research project" "Daigle, 2014).
2. Beneficence - "E"hical treatment encompasses respecting an inindividual'secision, protecting
them from harm, and striving to ensure their well-being. Treatment is beneficial in such cases. It
is commonly understood that the term "b"neficence" "efers to acts of kindness or charity that
extend beyond strict obligations. This document views beneficence as more than a virtue or
obligation. As a complementary expression of beneficent action in this sense, two general rules
have been developed: (1) minimize harms while maximizing benefits" "HHS.gov, 2018, p. 21).
3. Justice- "W"o ought to receive research benefits and bear its burdens?" "n other words, justice
refers to "f"irness in distribution" "r "r"cognition of what has been deserved." " person is
deprived of a right for no good reason or is subjected to an undue burden when the request to that
benefit is denied unduly. Justice can also be viewed as treating everyone equally (HHS.gov,
2018)
(Discussion 3)
Describe a social theory that was discussed in the “Social Relationships and Health” journal
article and indicate how it was used to support the research.
A social theory described in the article "Social Relationships and Health" by James House, Karl
Landis, and Debra Umberson was the Social Support theory. This theory discussed a correlation
between positive and frequent social relationships and the depreciating of symptoms and/or the
digression of diseases, "social relationships might promote health in several ways, but
emphasized the role of social relationships in moderating or buffering potentially deleterious
health effects of psychosocial stress or other health hazards" (House et al., 1988, p. 541).
Research was presented showing that through 30 different studies consisting of humans and
animals, it was evidently concluded that social relationships are protective of health (House et
al., 1988, p. 541).
Choose one of the quantitative research results presented in the article; describe the evidence
presented and indicate which variables of the experiment were highlighted.
One of the quantitative research methods used was a survey conducted on 4775 adults, between
the ages of 30 and 69. This survey evaluated these adults social ties through four factors:
marriage, contacts with extended family and friends, church membership, and other group
affiliations, through the following nine years these four factors were taken into consideration
when creating a health index for each person in regards to mortality (House et al., 1988, p. 541).
The variables of this experiment were the four social ties: marriage, contacts with extended
family and friends, church memberships, and other group affiliations. These variables were
measured based on the mortality rates of the next nine years of the participants based on their
involvement with the selected social ties.
Determine the article’s conclusion in regards to social relationships in society. Based on the
accompanying media piece “Why Facebook Could Be Good for Your Health,” how could
modern social media sites support the research findings in the journal article?

5. The articles conclusion in regards to social relationships in society is that there is a correlation
between social relationships and an individuals health, "psychological and sociobiological
theories suggest that the mere presence of, or sense of relatedness with, another organism may
have relatively direct motivational, emotional, or neuroendocrindal effects that promote health"
(House et al., 1988, p. 544). However, these social relationships are getting harder to explore and
maintain, "Just as we discover the importance of social relationships for health, and see an
increasing need for them, their prevalence and availability may be declining" (House et al., 1988,
p. 544).
This problem of maintaining social relationships could be resolved through social media, an idea
offered in the article "Why Facebook Could Be Good for Your Health" by Farah Mohammed. As
stated prior, social relationships evidently have a positive effect on an individuals health, with
the utilization of social media sites, this could help bridge the gap of distance, busy schedules
and other common excuses we use to justify why we can't maintain these relationships, "The
modern world, with its pace, relocation, geographic set-up, and turbulent economics, presents
relentless challenges to our social circles. Though we may be loathe to admit it, Facebook offers
a powerful way to mitigate the corrosive effects of distance, time, and busy schedules"
(Mohammed, 2018).
The course text reading discussed how research can also use the transformative paradigm in
social theory to impact social change. How does it do this and what types of societal populations
can the transformative paradigm specifically impact?
The Transformative worldview focuses on change through a political agenda, "research inquiry
needs to be intertwined with politicsand a political change agenda to confront social oppression
at whatever levels it occurs" (Creswell & Creswell, 2018, Sec. 1.2). The transformative paradigm
will impact the societal populations that include participants, the institutions in which individuals
work orlive, and the researcher’s life (Creswell & Creswell, 2018, Sec. 1.2). The Transformative
paradigm aims to cause significant change of powerful topics such as oppression, inequality and
alienation by exposing the problem and demanding change through a political agenda.
An important aspect of impactful research is that it should be disseminated through a scholarly
document such as a research report or journal article. The author of the course text provides
some helpful tips in scholarly writing. What tips did you find most useful to further develop your
own scholarly writing in course work which requires research papers or a project?
The tips that I have found to be most useful to further develop my own scholarly writing is
writing multiple drafts, specifically writing four in a span of an hour, each draft being allotted
15min (Creswell & Crewel, 2018, sec. 4.2). Second, is learning and incorporating the hook and
eye technique, "the basic idea here is that one sentence builds on the next and sentences in a
paragraph build into thenext paragraph. The way this occurs is by specific words that provide a
linkage" (Creswell & Crewel, 2018, sec. 4.2). Constituting the hook and eye technique will
ensure that I don't veer or get distracted from the topic of my own scholarly writing.
Lastly, a research study should always be ethically performed. According to the course text

6. reading and your review of the video, “Research Ethics Involving Human Subjects”, answer the
following:
·
The Belmont Report of 1979 established three ethical principles for research. Name the three
principles and explain each principle.
Respect for persons
- individuals need to be treated fairly and are entitled to protections as well as consent has to be
given by participants (Daigle, 2014).
Beneficence
- humans subjects should not be harmed and the research benefits should be maximized while
keeping the risk to humans minimized (Daigle, 2014).
Justice
- Benefits and risks of assessments must be fairly conveyed to participants (Daigle, 2014).
All Universities and Research Institutions are federally mandated to follow ethics guidelines in
the research performed which include the principles of The Belmont Report of 1979 – name
what this set of guidelines is commonly known as, and describe what it covers.
This set of guidelines is known as "The Common Rule". These guideline's ensure that research
institutions are abiding by the requirements set forth to ensure safe research is being conducted
and vulnerable research is being protected (Daigle, 2014).