BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEM MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEM
MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE
Prepared by
Esther Wong Jia En 0332188
Gavin Tio Kang Hui 0333373
Loi Chi Wun 0328652
Priscilla Huong Yunn 0332599
Wendy Lau Jia Yee 0333538
Yong Ping Ping 0332585
Building Services
BLD 60903
Lecturer : Ar. Zafar Rozaly

i
LIST OF FIGURES
2.0 Fire Protection System………………………………………………………………….
Figure 2.1 An overview of fire pump system and sprinkler tank
Figure 2.2 Fire sprinkler tank and wet riser-hose reel tank
Figure 2.3 EBSRAY Jockey Pump
Figure 2.4 Duty Pump
Figure 2.5 Standby Pump
Figure 2.6 Pumpset Pressure Indicator
Figure 2.7 Fire Pump Controller
Figure 2.8 Electric Service Room
Figure 2.9 Indoor Second Floor Corridor
Figure 2.10 First Floor Loading Bay
Figure 2.11 Basement Level 1
Figure 2.12 Upright fire sprinkler
Figure 2.13 Alarm Valve System for each zonings
Figure 2.14 System Side Water Gauge
Figure 2.15 Alarm Valve Clapper
Figure 2.16 Water Cannon System
Figure 2.17 Testing out water cannon
Figure 2.18 Wet Riser System
Figure 2.19 Wet riser system that located in the wall
Figure 2.20 Wet riser main
Figure 2.21 Air Vent
Figure 2.22 Landing Valves on the top floor
Figure 2.23 Canvas hose placed on the cradle
Figure 2.24 L1-H3-FYHR80 stands for ‘Level 1, Hall 3, Foyer Hose Reel 80’
Figure 2.25 Cabinet for hose reel system and fire extinguisher
Figure 2.26 Hose Reel System
Figure 2.27 Drum
Figure 2.28 Stop Valve
Figure 2.29 Rubber Hose
Figure 2.30 Spray Nozzle
Figure 2.31 Dry Riser Outlet
Figure 2.32 Dry Riser Inlet
Figure 2.33 Fire Hydrant located at staff car park
Figure 2.34 ABC Fire Extinguisher in MITEC
Figure 2.35 ABC Fire Extinguisher
Figure 2.36 CO2 Fire Extinguisher
Figure 2.37 Electric Control Room
Figure 2.38 Fire Curtain
Figure 2.39 Damper
Figure 2.40 Solenoid 24V DC Tripping Device
Figure 2.41 Carbon Dioxide Suppression System
Figure 2.42 Fireman switches located at basement escape staircase
Figure 2.43 Fireman Intercom located at basement escape staircase (left) and fire pump room
Figure 2.44 Emergency Speaker
Figure 2.45 Emergency light
Figure 2.46 Emergency Break Glass

ii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.47 Smoke Detector
Figure 2.48 Heat Detector
Figure 2.49 Fire Detection Control Panel
Figure 2.50 Smoke Detector in Mega Exhibition Hall
Figure 2.51 Smoke Detector in Control Room
Figure 2.52 Ionization Smoke Detector
Figure 2.53 Photoelectric Smoke Detector
Figure 2.54 Heat Detector on ceiling of ground floor
Figure 2.56 Heat Detector in MITEC
Figure 2.57 Smoke and heat detectors in lift lobby
Figure 2.58 Fire Alarm Control Panel
Figure 2.59 Fire Alarm Bell
Figure 2.60 Indication of location of Manual Call point
Figure 2.61 Manual Call Point
Figure 2.62 Fire escape staircase towards main lobby
Figure 2.63 Fire escape staircase 2 on Basement 1
Figure 2.64 Immense area for horizontal circulation
Figure 2.65 Multiple exit available on ground floor
Figure 2.66 Fire escape plan provided on ground floor lift lobby
Figure 2.67 Fire escape plan provided on lift lobby floor 1A
Figure 2.68 Fire escape plan with clear annotations on floor 2
Figure 2.69 South exit point on ground floor
Figure 2.70 North exit point on ground floor
Figure 2.71 Storey exits with clear fire escape signage
Figure 2.73 Broad aisle towards assembly point
Figure 2.74 Clear signage to indicate location of assembly point
Figure 2.75 Assembly point around the public parking area
Figure 2.76 Evacuation route towards assembly point
Figure 2.77 Horizontal exits access from basement to fire lobby
Figure 2.78 Horizontal exit in between basement and lift lobby
Figure 2.79 Staircase as vertical exit in basement
Figure 2.80 Enclosed stairway in basement 1 with fire-rated door
Figure 2.81 Dog legged staircase in MITEC
Figure 2.84 Louvered heat ventilator found in loading bay
Figure 2.85 Louvered heat ventilator with permanent openings
Figure 2.86 Permanent opening in stairwell
Figure 2.87 Louvered structure details
Figure 2.88 Structure embedded into wall
Figure 2.89 Louvered openings
Figure 2.90 Fire escape staircase provided with handrails
Figure 2.91 Cafeteria of MITEC
Figure 2.92 Kitchen of MITEC
Figure 2.93 Organiser’s Control Room

iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.94 Fire Rated Lock
Figure 2.95 Fire Rated Glass
Figure 2.96 Door Closer
Figure 2.97 Accreditation from Sirim
Figure 2.98 Concrete Slab at MITEC
Figure 2.99 Concrete Floor at MITEC
Figure 2.100 Reinforced Concrete wall of MITEC
Figure 2.101 Reinforced Concrete wall of MITEC
Figure 2.102 Masonry wall at MITEC
Figure 2.103 Reinforced Concrete Columns at MITEC
Figure 2.104 Fire roller shutter at Basement 1
Figure 2.105 Close-up of Fire Roller Shutter
Figure 2.106 Detail of Controller
Figure 2.107 Fire engines
Figure 2.108 Assembly point
Figure 2.109 Location of Fire engines space
Figure 2.110 Driveway of Fire engines
Figure 2.111 Exterior view of MITEC’s firefighting Shaft
Figure 2.112 Fire fighting lobby in MITEC at Level 1
Figure 2.113 Fire Escape Staircase
Figure 2.114 Louvered Ventilator at Fire Escape Staircase
Figure 2.115 Fire-fighting lobby at MITEC
Figure 2.116 Indication sign of fire lift
Figure 2.117 Elements of Active Fire Protection Shaft
Figure 2.118 Fire Escape Plan
Figure 2.119 Fire Intercom
Figure 2.120 Fire Alarm
3.0 Air-Conditioning System……………………………………….…………………….
Figure 3.1 View of cooling tower
Figure 3.2 Water tank with ladder to access the top
Figure 3.3 View of chiller in MITEC.
Figure 3.4 View of chiller in MITEC
Figure 3.5 Row of chiller water pump
Figure 3.6 Temperature sensor is placed on the pump unit
Figure 3.7 Individual control panel
Figure 3.8 Control unit in the mechanical room
Figure 3.9 Model of AHU used in MITEC
Figure 3.10 AHU unit in AHU room
Figure 3.11 AHU unit in AHU room
Figure 3.12 Air Filter in AHU room
Figure 3.13 Cooling coil inside AHU
Figure 3.14 Fan Blower and Motor inside AHU
Figure 3.15 Chill water pipes
Figure 3.16 FCU and diffuser inside one of the halls of MITEC
Figure 3.17 Fan Coil Unit (FCU)
Figure 3.18 Location of rooms with FCU units at Level 1

iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.19 Ductworks outside the AHU room
Figure 3.20 Linear slot diffuser in MITEC meeting rooms
Figure 3.21 Indoor unit in fire control room
Figure 3.22 Outdoor unit outside the fire control room
4.0 Mechanical Ventilation System……………………………………….…………………
Figure 4.1 Propeller fan
Figure 4.2 Axial fan
Figure 4.3 Centrifugal fan
Figure 4.4 Wall mounted propeller exhaust fan found in the lift motor room
Figure 4.5 Wall mounted propeller exhaust fan found in the lift motor room
Figure 4.6 Induced jet fan found in basement of MITEC
Figure 4.7 Axial fan found in MITEC
Figure 4.8 Axial fan found in MITEC
Figure 4.9 Centrifugal fan found in MITEC
Figure 4.10 Types of air filters (Activated carbon, electrostatic and viscous air filter)
Figure 4.11 Linear grille with filters found at the loading bay of MITEC
Figure 4.12 Linear grille with filters used for ductwork at the carpark basement of MITEC
Figure 4.13 Ductwork found in basement of MITEC
Figure 4.14 Ductwork found in one of the halls in MITEC
Figure 4.15 Ductwork found in electric supply room of MITEC
Figure 4.16 Combined use of ductwork found in one of the halls in MITEC
Figure 4.17 Combination of fire and smoke damper found in electric supply room of MITEC
Figure 4.18 Combination of fire and smoke damper found in electric supply room of MITEC
Figure 4.19 Pressure relief damper found at enclosed staircase in MITEC
Figure 4.20 Pressure relief damper found at enclosed staircase in MITEC
Figure 4.21 Types of grilles and diffusers
Figure 4.22 Egg crate grilles found in MITEC
Figure 4.23 Egg crate grilles found in MITEC
Figure 4.24 Air transfer grilles found in utilities room in MITEC
Figure 4.25 Air transfer grilles found in fire staircase in MITEC
Figure 4.26 Return air grille found in MITEC
Figure 4.27 Return air grille found in MITEC
Figure 4.28 Round diffusers found in concourse area of MITEC
Figure 4.29 Round diffusers found in concourse area of MITEC
Figure 4.30 Louvre faced diffusers found in MITEC
Figure 4.31 Louvre faced diffusers found in MITEC
Figure 4.32 Pressure relief damper found in the enclosed fire staircase in MITEC
Figure 4.33 Louvre heat ventilators are used for natural ventilated staircase
Figure 4.34 Louvre heat ventilator found in MITEC
Figure 4.35 Pressure relief damper in lift lobby
Figure 4.36 Induced jet fan found in the basement car park
Figure 4.37 Ductwork in the basement carpark
Figure 4.38 Single duct system used in the electric supply room
Figure 4.39 Single duct system used in the electric supply room
Figure 4.40 Ventilation control panel in electric supply room
Figure 4.41 Propeller fan is used in the lift motor room

v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.42 Natural inlet diffuser found in the lift motor room
5.0 Mechanical Transportation System……………………………………….………...
Figure 5.1 Example of TransitMasterTM
140 type escalator
Figure 5.2 Specification tag of escalator
Figure 5.3 Example of TravelMasterTM
110 type escalator
Figure 5.4 Specification tag of escalator
Figure 5.5 Escalators with combination of parallel and criss-cross arrangement
Figure 5.6 Escalators with parallel arrangements but different passenger flow
Figure 5.7 Escalator at basement
Figure 5.8 Multiple parallel arrangement
Figure 5.9 Quiescent state direction indicator
Figure 5.10 Dynamic state direction indicator
Figure 5.11 Floor plate and comb
Figure 5.12 Moving handrail
Figure 5.13 Glass panel balustrade
Figure 5.14 Demarcation lines
Figure 5.15 Skirt guard
Figure 5.16 Passenger lift and fire lift placed together
Figure 5.17 Glass lift
Figure 5.18 Freight lift near kitchen
Figure 5.19 Freight lift behind Hall 4
Figure 5.20 Exterior of lift motor room with warning sign
Figure 5.21 Sign indicating Lift Motor Room
Figure 5.22 Interior of lift motor room
Figure 5.23 Example of control panel for MRL lifts
Figure 5.24 Lift controller for gearless traction lift found in lift motor room
Figure 5.25 Overspeed governor for gearless traction lift found in lift motor room
Figure 5.26 Overspeed governor for MRL lift
Figure 5.27 Lift motor machine found in lift motor room
Figure 5.28 Lift motor machine of MRL lift
Figure 5.29 Guide rail of lift in MITEC
Figure 5.30 Spring lift buffer
Figure 5.31 Suspension steel wire ropes
Figure 5.32 Example of car sill
Figure 5.33 Travelling cable
Figure 5.34 Example of two-panel central opening landing door in MITEC
Figure 5.35 Stainless steel car wall
Figure 5.36 Glass panel car wall
Figure 5.37 Car floor with marble stone finish
Figure 5.38 Car floor with black-coin-patterned rubber finish
Figure 5.39 Car ceiling mounted with fluorescent tube lighting
Figure 5.40 Car ceiling mounted with LED spot lighting
Figure 5.41 Car operating panel
Figure 5.42 Floor indicator
Figure 5.43 Call button
Figure 5.44 Floor designator with fire escape plan

vi
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Figure 5.45 Fireman’s lift switch
Figure 5.46 Smoke and heat detector placed at lift lobby
Figure 5.47 Example of lift door sensor
2.0 Fire Protection System………………………………………………………………….
Diagram 2.1 Jockey Pump Components
Diagram 2.2 An overview of automatic fire sprinkler system
Diagram 2.3 Call-out details
Diagram 2.4 Components of a pendant fire sprinkler
Diagram 2.5 Types of the bulb liquid colour
Diagram 2.6 Pendant fire sprinkler
Diagram 2.7 Upright fire sprinkler
Diagram 2.8 Both pendant and upright sprinkler head spray water in circle pattern
Diagram 2.9 An overview of valve system mechanism
Diagram 2.10 Location of Fire Pump Room on the Level 1A Floor Plan
Diagram 2.11 Location of Pillar-less Exhibition Hall where the water cannon system is located
Diagram 2.12 Water Cannon Plan
Diagram 2.13 Water Cannon Elevation
Diagram 2.14 System Operation Overview
Diagram 2.15 Overall layout of Fire Detection System
Diagram 2.16 Normal conditions heat detector
Diagram 2.17 Fixed Temperature heat detector
Diagram 2.18 ROR heat detector
Diagram 2.19 Diagram of Alarm Control Panel
Diagram 2.20 Programme of type of system and hazards
Diagram 2.21 Fire Alarm System
Diagram 2.22 Section showing general direction of evacuation route from each level to ground floor
Diagram 2.23 Evacuation Route on Basement 1
Diagram 2.24 Evacuation Route on Basement 1A
Diagram 2.25 Evacuation route on ground floor
Diagram 2.26 Evacuation route on Level 1
Diagram 2.29 Evacuation route on Level 1A
Diagram 2.32 Distance radius as 61 metres on Level 1
Diagram 2.35 Distance radius as 61 metres on Level 1A
Diagram 2.38 Distance radius as 61 metres on Basement 1
Diagram 2.39 Distance radius as 61 metres on Basement 1A
Diagram 2.40 Mega exhibition hall highlighted with 4.5 metres radius distance at the storey exits
Diagram 2.41 Mega exhibition hall highlighted with 4.5 metres radius distance at the storey exits
Diagram 2.42 Evacuation route on ground floor plan to assembly point

vii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 2.43 Plan view of dog legged staircase with dimensions
Diagram 2.44 Elevation view of dog legged staircase
Diagram 2.45 Swing shall of door does not affect circulation in escaping route
Diagram 2.46 Headroom distance labelled in section
Diagram 2.47 Air flow diagram through louvered openings labelled in section
Diagram 2.48 Horizontal and vertical exits highlighted in Level 1
Diagram 2.51 Horizontal and vertical exits highlighted in Level 1A
Diagram 2.54 Horizontal and vertical exits highlighted in Basement 1
Diagram 2.55 Horizontal and vertical exits highlighted in Basement 1A
Diagram 2.56 Basic Components of Compartmentation
Diagram 2.57 Level 1 indicating the location of compartmentalize zones
Diagram 2.58 Typical Components of Compartmentation of Fire Risk Area
Diagram 2.59 Level 1 indicating the location of Compartmentation Zones
Diagram 2.61 Level 2A indicating the location of Compartmentation Zones
Diagram 2.64 Typical Components of Fire Rated Door
Diagram 2.65 Typical Reinforced Concrete Structure
Diagram 2.66 Sectional diagram highlight location of Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab
Diagram 2.67 Indicating the location of Compartmentation Zones in Level 1A
Diagram 2.68 Components of Fire Roller Shutter
Diagram 2.69 Indication of Fire Engine Access Route and Assembly Point
Diagram 2.70 Basic Components of Firefighting Shaft
Diagram 2.71 Location of Firefighting Shaft in MITEC
Diagram 2.72 Location of fire-fighting lobby in MITEC
Diagram 2.73 Location of Fire Escape Staircase at MITEC
Diagram 2.74 Location of Firefighting Lift at MITEC
Diagram 2.75 Location of Active Fire Protection Shaft at MITEC
Diagram 2.76 Location of Fireman Intercom System at MITEC
3.0 Air-Conditioning System……………………………………….…………………….
Diagram 3.1 Introduction of components in an air-conditioning system (Source : Khemani , 2009)
Diagram 3.2 Location of the plant room
Diagram 3.3 Location of AHU room on level 1A plan
Diagram 3.4 Location of rooms with FCU units
4.0 Mechanical Ventilation System……………………………………….……………..
Diagram 4.1 Details of induced jet fan
Diagram 4.2 Application of induced jet fan in basement
Diagram 4.3 Type C singlet inlet centrifugal fan with forward wheels
Diagram 4.4 Ductwork installation of mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning system
Diagram 4.5 Operation of supply ventilation

viii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 4.6 Typical staircase pressurization system in buildings
Diagram 4.7 Level 1 floor plan showing location of enclosed staircases in MITEC.
Diagram 4.8 Level 1 floor plan showing location of staircases that are naturally ventilated
Diagram 4.9 Level 1 floor plan showing location of lift lobbies
Diagram 4.10 Diagram showing location of duct in lift lobby
Diagram 4.11 Operation of exhaust ventilation
Diagram 4.12 Basement 1 floor plan showing location of fan rooms.
Diagram 4.13 Basement 1A floor plan showing location of fan rooms.
Diagram 4.14 Shutter of propeller fan
5.0 Mechanical Transportation System……………………………………….….……
Diagram 5.1 Various arrangements of escalator (From left: Single, Continuous, Parallel and Criss cross)
Diagram 5.2 Location of escalators based on model type
Diagram 5.3 Parallel arrangement
Diagram 5.4 Criss-cross arrangement
Diagram 5.5 Location of escalator based on different arrangements
Diagram 5.6 Escalator with dual drive machine outside the step band
Diagram 5.7 Type of lifts according to working mechanism
Diagram 5.8 Location of lift lobbies in MITEC
Diagram 5.9 Anatomy of a gearless traction lift
Diagram 5.10 Location of normal passenger lift
Diagram 5.11 MRL lift, showing the hoisting machine
Diagram 5.12 Location of glass lift and freight lifts
Diagram 5.13 Switch circuit
Diagram 5.14 Control system
Diagram 5.15 Position of drive sheave within the lift motor machine
Diagram 5.16 Placement of counterweight in hoisting mechanism of lift
Diagram 5.17 Anatomy of counterweight components
Diagram 5.18 Car frame
Diagram 5.19 Components of compensation rope installation
Diagram 5.20 Location of car apron

ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Abstract
1.2 Acknowledgement
1.3 Overview of MITEC
2.0 Fire Protection System 6
2.1 Active Fire Protection System
2.1.1 Literature Review
2.1.2 Water Based System
2.1.2.1 Fire Pump System
2.1.2.2 Fire Sprinkler System
2.1.2.3 Water Cannon System
2.1.2.4 Wet Riser System
2.1.2.5 Hose Reel System
2.1.2.6 Dry Riser System
2.1.2.7 Fire Hydrant System
2.1.3 Non-water Based System
2.1.3.1 Fire Suppression System
2.1.3.1.1 ABC Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher
2.1.3.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
2.1.3.1.3 Carbon Dioxide Suppression System
2.1.3.2 Voice Communication System
2.1.3.3 Fire Switch
2.1.3.4 Emergency Speaker
2.1.3.5 Emergency Light
2.1.4 Fire Detection System
2.1.4.1 Smoke Detector
2.1.4.2 Heat Detector
2.1.5 Fire Alarm System
2.1.5.1 Fire Alarm Control Panel
2.1.5.2 Fire Alarm Bell
2.1.5.3 Manual Call Point
2.2 Passive Fire Protection System 38
2.2.1.1 Purpose Group
2.2.2 Mean of Escape
2.2.2.1 Evacuation Route
2.2.2.2 Travel Distance to Exit

x
TABLE OF CONTENT
2.2.2.3 Arrangement of storey exit
2.2.2.4 Assembly Point
2.2.2.5 Horizontal Exit
2.2.2.6 Vertical Exit
2.2.2.6.1 Exit Stairway
2.2.2.6.2 Headroom
2.2.2.6.3 Louvered Heat Ventilator
2.2.2.7 Handrail
2.2.3 Passive Containment
2.2.3.1 Compartmentation of Fire Escape
2.2.3.2 Compartmentation of Fire Risk Area
2.2.3.3 Fire Containment
2.2.3.3.1 Fire Rated Door
2.2.3.3.2 Fire Rated Floor
2.2.3.3.3 Fire Rated Wall
2.2.3.3.4 Structural Fire Protection
2.2.3.3.5 Fire Roller Shutter
2.2.4 Fire Appliance Access
2.2.4.1 Fire Engine Access
2.2.4.2 Fire-fighting Shaft
2.2.4.2.1 Fire-fighting Lobby
2.2.4.2.2 Fire Engine Staircase
2.2.4.2.3 Fire-fighting Lift
2.3 Conclusion
3.0 Air-conditioning System 85
3.1 Literature Review
3.2 Type of Air-conditioning System
3.2.1 Split Air-conditioning System
3.2.2 Centralized Air-conditioning System
3.3 Case Study of MITEC for Air-conditioning System
3.3.1 Chilled Water Central Air-conditioning System
3.3.1.1 Cooling Water and Water Tank
3.3.1.2 Chiller Plant Room
3.3.1.3 Chiller
3.3.1.4 Chiller Water Pump
3.3.1.5 Control Unit
3.3.1.6 Air Handling UNit (AHU)
3.3.1.7 Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

xi
TABLE OF CONTENT
3.3.1.8 Air Duct and Diffuser
3.3.2 Split Air-Conditioning System (VRF)
3.3.2.1 Indoor Unit
3.3.2.2 Outdoor Unit
3.3.2.3 Cassette Type
3.4 Conclusion
4.0 Mechanical Ventilation System 97
4.2 Components of Mechanical Ventilation System
4.2.1 Fan
4.2.2 Filter
4.2.3 Ductwork
4.2.4 Damper
4.2.5 Grille and Diffuser
4.3 Types of Mechanical Ventilation system
4.3.1 Supply ventilation system (Mechanical Inlet and Natural Extract)
4.3.1.1 Overview
4.3.1.2 Staircase Pressurisation System
4.3.1.3 Lift Lobby Pressurisation System
4.3.2 Extract Ventilation System
4.3.2.1 Overview
4.3.2.2 Basement Car Park Exhaust System
4.3.2.3 Utility Room Extract System
4.3.2.4 Lift Motor Room Extract System
4.4 Conclusion
5.0 Mechanical Transportation System 121
5.2 Escalator
5.2.1 Case Study of Escalator in MITEC
5.2.1.1 Overview
5.2.1.2 Arrangement of Escalators
5.2.1.2.1 Main Types of Escalator Arrangement
5.2.1.3 Components of Escalator
5.2.1.4 Safety Features of Escalator
5.3 Lift
5.3.1 Case Study of Lifts in MITEC
5.3.1.1 Overview

xii
TABLE OF CONTENT
5.3.1.1.1 Passenger Lift
5.3.1.1.2 Freight Lift
5.3.1.1.3 Location of Lifts
5.3.1.2 Traction Lift
5.3.1.2.1 Gearless Traction Lift
5.3.1.2.2 Machine Room-less (MRL) Lift
5.3.1.3 Control System
5.3.1.4 Main Components of Lift
5.3.1.5 Exterior of Lift Car
5.3.1.6 Interior of Lift Car
5.3.1.7 Floor Indicator and Designator
5.3.1.8 Safety Features
5.4 Conclusion
6.0 Conclusion 152
7.0 Reference 154
8.0 Appendix 161

1.1 Abstract
This project aims to provide real-life case as an introduction to building services system installed in a
multi-storey building. By introducing the common system used in the bigger volume of space with a variety of
users, this knowledge can be integrated into future design studio project to ensure a practical and technically
functional building design proposal.
The case study building that our group have chosen is the Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre.
We are to analyse four system associated with building services which are active and passive fire protection
system, air-conditioning system, mechanical ventilation system and mechanical transportation system. A
thorough research was done prior to site visits. Two site visits were conducted to ensure complete data collection
such as information and pictures of building services components. The complete data is then analysed with
reference to Uniform Building By-Law 1984 (UBBL 1984), MS 1184 and MS 1525.
We are to produce a documentation and analytical report with a 5-minute video to present our findings about the
building services in MITEC. Pictures and video taken on site were used to visually portray the components of
each building services system with a comprehensives study describing the function and its importance.
All in all, we have learned a substantial amount of knowledge regarding to building services and its functions in
creating a safe environment for the occupants of the buildings. The site visit provides us an insight and a realistic
simulation of how building services are done in our local buildings and its implication towards a building design.
Introduction
Building Services
Abstract
Malaysia International Trade
And Exhibition Centre

1.2 Acknowledgement
We have taken much efforts in this assignment. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would like to express of sincere appreciation to all
of them.
We are highly indebted to Mr. Zafar Rozaly for his guidance and constant supervisions as well as for providing
necessary information regarding the project. Also, we would like to express special gratitude to Ms. Mawar,
Assistant Training Manager from Human Resource Department of MITEC and Mr. Jaque, Mechanical and
Electrical Manager of MITEC for giving us the opportunities to visit the building and also spending time
explaining the services system in MITEC to us.
Introduction
Building Services
Acknowledgement

MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE
Address : MITEC, 8, Jalan Dutamas 2, Kompleks Kerajaan, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan
Kuala Lumpur
The brand new MITEC is the largest exhibition centre in Malaysia located at Jalan Dutamas, Kuala Lumpur. It
derives its unique shape from the rubber seed; a symbol of the Malaysia historical trade business. It is located in
Segambut, KL, next to Menara MATRADE. The architect firm for the project is RSP, one of the largest
architectural practices in the world with more than 1,300 professionals.
To ensure a perfect waterproofing under the decorative cladding system, Sika has developed a unique anchoring
system that is hot-air welded to the Sarnafil G-410 L Felt membrane. Simple, effective & efficient. The system was
applied over the 57,000 square meter roof surface to allow the astonishing finish expected by the architects and
owner. Kudos to Swissma Building Technologies Sdn Bhd and Sarnatec Sdn Bhd for a very professional work on
this exceptional structure.
1.3 Overview of MITEC
Introduction
Building Services
Overview of MITEC

Introduction
Building Services
Overview of MITEC
Page 5 Malaysia International Trade

2.0 Fire Protection System
Fire protection system is the means to inhabit or mitigate the ignition, growth and spread of fire and its effects
through the built environment. The system serves the purpose to extinguish the fire, control the fire and provide
exposure protection to prevent domino effects. It can be classified into two types, which are active fire protection
system and passive fire protection system. Active fire protection system is the component of fire detection and
prevention which reacts to action or motion, while passive fire protection system is the component which seeks
to contain or slow down the spread of a fire. In general, the role of active fire protection within the fire
containment process is to detect, alert about, and seek to eliminate the fire hazard; passive fire protection, on the
other hand, is in place in case the active component fails in its objective, and is put in place as more of a failsafe
measure, rather than an active way to combat a fire hazard.
2.1 Active Fire Protection System
Active Fire Protection System requires a certain amount of motion and response in order to for it to work during
the event of fire. The system is either manually operated like a fire hydrant system or functioned automatically
like the water sprinkler and cannon system.The design of fire fighting systems should conform to specified
standards of Part VIII of Uniform Building By-Laws 2006 of Malaysia.
Fire Detection System
Detect the fire by detecting heat, smoke or
flames
Example : Smoke Detector
Fire Alarm System
Initiated by fire detection system and
triggers the following active system
Example : Fire Alarm Bell
Automatic Active System
Activated automatically to impede the spread of
fire and prevent damage to other area of the
buildings
Example : Water Sprinkler System
Manual Active System
Managed mainly by firefighters or users who
have knowledge of using them to combat and
put out the fire
Example : Fire Extinguisher
F I R E
Fire Protection System
Building Services
Active Fire Protection System

2.1.2 Water Based System
Water based system utilizes the inexpensive, non-toxic and readily available medium of water to discharge onto
flames through a variety of carriers. The properties of water being able to be stored at atmospheric pressure and
normal temperatures and to take the heat out of fire promptly make water better than any other recognized liquid
for fighting the majority of fire. There are 5 types of water based systems that present in the case study building.
Building Services
Fire Sprinkler System
Extinguishes incipient
fire without the
intervention of human
factor
Water Cannon System
Automated tracking
system with positioning
fire artillery, operating
on the infrared sensor
technology
Dry Riser System
Only charged with water by fire
service pumping appliances when
necessary
W A T E R
Sprinkler Water Tank
Fire Hydrant
System
Source of water
to assist fire
authorities in a
fire.
2.1.2.1 Water Pump System
Water pump system is required to provide adequate pressure to meet the hydraulic demands of the case study
building, especially when water supply is provided from the water storage tank located on ground floor. There
are two main water tanks which are fire sprinkler - water cannon tank and hose reel - wet riser tank. Both of the
tanks have their respective sets of water pump to facilitate the operation. The system operates when the pressure
drops below a threshold. For instance, the fire sprinkler system pressure drops significantly when one or more
fire sprinklers are activated or alternatively when other firefighting connections are opened, causing a pressure
drop. In the building, the system mainly comprises of Jockey Pump, Duty Pump and Standby Pump.
Wet Riser System
Built-in water
distribution system
which is permanently
charged with water
Hose Reel System
Manually operated and
activated by opening a
valve that enables the
water flow into the
system
Water Pump System
To provide a steady flow of water ranging different pressure levels
Hose Reel and Wet
Riser Tank

2.1.2.1.1 Jockey Pump
Jockey pump, also known as a pressure-maintenance pump, is a
relatively small device that works together with the fire pump. It
is designed to keep the pressure in the system elevated to a
specific level when the system is not in use, so that the fire pump
doesn’t have to run all the time. This prevents the sprinklers
from going off unnecessarily. Moreover, since pipes are
susceptible to leakage over time, the water pressure inside them
tends to go down. As soon as the jockey pump senses this, it fills
them back up to normal pressure. Also, it can also help prevent
the system from damage when a fire happens and pressurized
water rushes into the pipes by regulating the pressure. It is
powered by electric supply and is connected directly to the fire
sprinkler water tank.
Building Services
Jockey Pump
Duty Pump
Standby Pump
Common Suction
Pipe
Common
Discharge Pipe
Figure 2.1 An overview of fire pump system and sprinkler tank
Figure 2.3 EBSRAY Jockey Pump
Figure 2.2 Fire sprinkler tank and wet
riser-hose reel tank
UBBL 1984
Part VIII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Fire Fighting Access
[ Clause 247 ] Water Storage
(1) Water storage capacity and water flow rate for fire fighting systems and installations shall be
provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws.
(2) Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for hose reel systems, shall be
located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire brigade pumping inlet
connections accessible to fire appliances.
(Uniform Building By-Law, 2006, pp. 87) (Original work published in 1984)

Building Services
Legends
1. Pump casing
2. Tensile bolt
3. Outer cylinder
4. Impeller
5. Impeller baffle
6. Muff
7. Seal-washer
8. Nut
9. Pin
10. Motor
11. Clutch
12. Linking seat
13. Air nozzle
14. Mechanical seal
15. Shaft
16. Middle section
17. Muff out
18. Miner
19. Return pipe part
Diagram 2.1 Jockey Pump Components
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2.1.2.1.2 Duty Pump
If the pressure continues to drop under the threshold
during the operation of jockey pump,duty pump will
start working and give a high pressure supply. This is
to boost the pressure lost in the system. Duty pump in
MITEC is a horizontal split case pumps whereby it is
easy to be accessed to all of its working parts and has a
high efficiency in delivering water pressure.
2.1.2.1.3 Standby Pump
Standby pump is driven by a diesel engine. The pump
is controlled and starts automatically when a fall in
pressure occurs in piping exceeding three per cent of
the normal static pressure, and to stop automatically
when the normal pressure is re-established. Generally,
it operates during power supply failure.
Figure 2.4 Duty
Pump
Duty Pump
Figure 2.5 Standby
Pump
Jockey Pump Components

Building Services
2.1.2.1.4 Pumpset Pressure Indicator
Standby pump is driven by a diesel engine. The pump
is controlled and starts automatically when a fall in
pressure occurs in piping exceeding three per cent of
the normal static pressure, and to stop automatically
when the normal pressure is re-established. Generally,
it operates during power supply failure.
Figure 2.6 Pumpset
Pressure Indicator
2.1.2.1.5 Fire Pump Controller
The fire pump controller is designed to monitor the
operation status and in the case of fire, the controller
will receive a signal from the pressure switch and start
the fire pump. The fire switch in the controller is
passive, requiring no manual operation by the owner.
Water pressure does it all. When the pressure drops,
the normally open contacts close, completing the
electrical circuit and activating the pump.
Figure 2.7 Fire
Pump Controller
UBBL 1984
[ Clause 226 ] Automatic System for Hazardous Occupancy
Where hazardous processes, storage or occupancy are of such character as to require automatic
sprinklers or other automatic extinguish fires in the hazardous materials stored or handled or for the
safety of the occupants.
Summary (Fire Pump) :
The water storage tank for both wet riser system and fire sprinkler system meets the UBBL 1984 requirement
listed under Clause 247, (2). The tanks are located on the fire appliance access level for the ease of monitoring.
The automated system including fire pump system, fire sprinkler system and water cannon system meets the
UBBL 1984 requirement listed under Clause 226.

Building Services
2.1.2.2 Fire Sprinkler System
Fire sprinkler system acts as the crucial first-line of active fire protection. The system extinguishes or prevents
spreading of fire in its early stage, keeping the fire under control until the fire brigade arrives. Water extinguishes
the given area during fire, cools building structures and the surrounding area and at higher temperatures it
evaporates quickly, displacing oxygen and thus creates an inert atmosphere, which prevents the access of
oxidant, i.e. the atmospheric oxygen that is needed for combustion. It consists of distribution piping system that
is permanently attached to building structures, valve station and sprinkler heads that are firmly attached to the
distribution pipes in the protected area. Pipeline network together with sprinkler heads are connected to a water
source that provides adequate pressure.
Fire Sprinkler Head
Gate Valve
Water Distribution
Piping System
Structural Beam
Water Supply Pressurised water
Diagram 2.2 An overview of automatic fire sprinkler system
Diagram 2.3 Call-out details
To
automatic
sprinkler
Water Supply
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Legends
1. Water motor alarm
2. Alarm line strainer
3. Check valve
4. System side water gauge
5. Fire department connection
6. Automatic drip valve
7. Alarm pressure switch
8. Retard chamber
9. Alarm test shut-off valve
10. Main drain valve
11. Main drain piping
12. Alarm valve trim
13. Alarm check valve
14. Underground supply

Building Services
2.1.2.1.1 Sprinkler Head
The system operates on wet pipe fire sprinkler system. The system employs fixed fire sprinkler heads and
sprinkler piping filled with pressurized water supplied from a dependable source at all times. Sprinkler heads are
equipped with a glass trigger filled with a glycerin-based liquid that expands with temperature. As the liquid
expands, it shatters its glass confines and activated the sprinkler head, water is then discharged immediately onto
the fire. The sprinkler heads are not all activated at once since each one of them is independent, thereby
minimizing water damage. Only sprinklers in the area of the fire that have reached the temperature required to
melt. The type of bulb used in the case study building is red liquid bulb.
Bulb Liquid
Colour
Rupturing
Temperature
Orange 57
Red 68
Yellow 79
Green 93
Blue 141
Mauve 182
Black 260
40mm
Ceiling plate
seating surface
Orifice (Opening)
Threading
Plug
Frangible Sealed
Liquid-Filled
Bulb
Frame
Deflector
Diagram 2.4 Components of a pendant fire sprinkler Diagram 2.5 Types of the bulb liquid colour
2.1.2.1.2 Pendant Fire Sprinkler
A pendent fire sprinkler hangs from above-ceiling pipes and
distributes water in a domed or conical pattern using a convex
deflector. Unlike concealed pendent sprinklers which hide behind
decorative plates, the head of a traditional pendent fire sprinkler
remains visible after installation. Figure 2.8 Electric Service Room
Figure 2.9 Indoor Second Floor Corridor
Diagram 2.6 Pendant
fire sprinkler

Building Services
Figure 2.10 First Floor Loading Bay
Diagram 2.7 Upright
fire sprinkler
Figure 2.11 Basement Level 1
2.1.2.1.4 Alarm Valve System
These sprinkler heads are attached to a reliable system of water pipes that are typically built into the walls or
ceiling. Beneath the sprinkler heads, a valve keeps the water from leaking out. When the sprinkler head is
triggered, the valve is opened and pressurized water is released from the pipe system. It’s important for water in
a fire sprinkler system to be pressurized. This allows the water to spray outward in an arc to more thoroughly
douse the fire and prevent it from reigniting.The alarm check valve is a key component of the wet pipe system. It
is designed to indicate when a sprinkler has operated as well as to provide a system check valve. The alarm
check valve serves as a check valve by holding the pressurized water above the clapper and preventing reverse
flow from the sprinkler piping. The valve initiates an alarm during a sustained flow of water by operating a water
motor alarm and alarm pressure switch. When it is installed with the water motor alarm, the system can provide
a local alarm even when electric power is lost.
Diagram 2.8 Both pendant and upright sprinkler head spray water in circle pattern
2.1.2.1.3 Upright Fire Sprinkler
An upright fire sprinklers spray water upward to a concave
deflector, producing a dome-shaped spray pattern. They are used
mostly in places where obstructions may block water spray
during a fire, and their height allows them to aim water around
possible obstacles. While they can't be hidden behind a cover
plate, system design can make upright models less of an eyesore.
Figure 2.12 Upright fire sprinkler

Building Services
1
2 3
4
5
6
System Mechanism
When a sprinkler (1) opens, the discharging water
lifts the alarm valve clapper (2) and flows through
the alarm port (3) to the retard chamber (4). When
the retard chamber is filled, water flows to the
water motor alarm (5) and the alarm pressure
switch (6) which signal an electric alarm bell.
To prevent false alarm due to variable water
supplies, the retard chamber (4) collects small
surges of water which flow through the alarm port
during pressure fluctuations.
Diagram 2.9
An overview
of valve
system
mechanism
Figure 2.13 Alarm Valve System for each zonings Figure 2.14 System Side Water Gauge Figure 2.15 Alarm Valve Clapper
Diagram 2.10 Location of Fire Pump Room on the Level 1A Floor Plan
LEVEL 1A

Building Services
UBBL 1984
[ Clause 228 ] Sprinkler Valves
(1) Sprinkler valves shall be located in a safe and enclosed position on the exterior wall and
shall be readily accessible to the Fire Authority
(2) All sprinkler system shall be electricity connected to the nearest fire station to provide
immediate and automatic relay of the alarm when activated.
Summary (Fire Sprinkler System) :
The fire sprinkler system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under clause 228, (1) and (2). In
Figure 2.13, the sprinkler alarm valve system is placed along the exterior wall of the fire pump room located at
ground floor. This allow ease of monitoring during the event of fire even without access into the fire pump room.
Also, it is connected to the fire alarm system which is directly linked to the nearest fire station through the fire
control panel.
2.1.2.3 Water Cannon System
There are 12 water cannons located at level 3 in the largest exhibition
pillar-less hall. The water cannon system employed in MITEC is an
automatic tracking technology with mechanized positioning fire
artillery, combining the infrared sensor technology. The signal
processing technology, communication control technology, computer
technology and mechanical driven technology work together effectively.
It is exceptionally suitable for tall and big space like the pillar-less hall. Figure 2.16 Water Cannon System
Diagram 2.11 Location of Pillar-less Exhibition Hall where the water cannon system is located
SECTION B-B’

Building Services
2.1.2.3.1 Water Cannon System Components
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
17
20
19
Legends
1. Head
2. Outlet Elbow
3. Pitching Knuckle
4. Hexagon Screw
5. Horizontal Rotation
Section
6. Horizontal Head Screw
14. Nuts
15. Controller
16. Pitching Rotary Motor
17. Solenoid Valve
18. Electronic Wire
19. Area Control Panel
20. Big Camera
7. Electric Putter
8. Double Flange Elbow
9. Horizontal Rotary Motor
10. Small Camera
11. Lengthened Tube
12. Connector
13. Round Head Screw
Diagram 2.12 Water Cannon Plan Diagram 2.13 Water Cannon Elevation
Water Supply
2.1.2.3.2 System Operation
When fire occurs, the temperature rises due to the heat released from the fire
source. It will smart-scan immediately from horizontal and vertical directions
to determine the fire source exact location. Then, the central controller issues
instructions and sends alarm signals while starting the pump and opening
water valves. The fire artillery will aim at the fire source to put it off. Upon
detected that fire has been put off, the central controller will issue instructions
again to stop water jetting. In case of fire resurgence, the system will restart
again by repeating the same procedure. The fire artillery shoots water in the
form of cylindrical water column or water mist with long range, hence
providing wide range protection and powerful fire-fighting capability. Figure 2.17 Testing out water cannon

Building Services
2.1.2.4 Wet Riser System
MITEC has a height of 63 metres above the fire appliance access level therefore wet riser system is installed to
supply pressurized water within buildings for firefighting purposes. The wet rise system in MITEC consists of a
wet riser main, a wet riser landing valve and a hose cradle. Some of the system are being recessed in the wall
located in a cabinet clearly labelled ‘Sesalur Basah’ on a red panel, which means ‘wet riser’ when being direct
translated into English language.
UBBL 1984
[ Clause 231 ] Installation and testing of wet rising system
(1) Wet rising systems shall be provided in every building in which the topmost floor is more
than 30.5 metres above fire appliance access level.
[ Clause 248 ] Markings on wet riser, etc.
(1) Wet riser, dry riser, sprinkler and other fire installation pipes and fittings shall be painted
red.
(2) All cabinets and areas recessed in walls for location of fire installations and extinguishers
shall be clearly identified to the satisfaction of the Fire Authority or otherwise clearly
identified.
Figure 2.18 Wet Riser System
Wet Riser
Main
Wet Riser
Landing Valve
Canvas Hose
Hose Cradle
Figure 2.19 Wet riser system that located in the wall
(Uniform Building By-Law, 2006, pp. 84, 87) (Original work published in 1984)

Building Services
2.1.2.4.2 Wet Riser Landing Valve
Landing valves which are 65mm in diameter, connecting directly to
the wet riser main, serve as the main water supply to fire department
to the upper floors in MITEC whereas fire hydrants serve as the
water source on the ground level. It functions as a water tab whereby
it is to connect the canvas hose to access to the water source on the
upper levels for fire-fighting. The valves are equipped with a
coupling adapter which is directly screwed to the outlet and
stoppered with a cap.
2.1.2.4.1 Wet Riser Main and Air Vent
Wet fire mains are 150mm in diameter and are installed owing to the
pressures required to provide adequate fire-fighting water supplies at
the landing valves at upper floors and also to ensure that water is
immediately available at all floor levels. The provision of a built-in
water distribution system means that firefighters do not need to
create their own distribution system in order to fight a fire and
avoids the breaching of fire compartments by running hose lines
between them.
2.1.2.4.3 Canvas Hose and Hose Cradle
Hose Cradle and Canvas Hose of brand ‘Proflex’ is used in MITEC.
The canvas hose has a length of 30 metres and 65mm in diameter. It
is connected to a faucet and placed on a hose cradle nearby the
landing valve. The hose has no all-time water supply like hose reel
system.
Figure 2.20 Wet riser main
Outlet Coupling Adapter
Figure 2.22 Landing Valves on the top floor
UBBL 1984
(4) Each wet risers outlet shall comprise standard 63.5 millimeters instantaneous coupling fitted
with a hose of not less than 38.1 millimeters diameter equipped with an approved typed
cradle and a variable fog nozzle.
Figure 2.23 Canvas hose placed on the cradle
Figure 2.21 Air Vent

Building Services
2.1.2.5 Fire Hose Reel System
A fire hose reel system consists of a pump, pipework, direct water supply from a fire water tank and hose reel
located strategically in a building to provide a reasonably access and to ensure a proper coverage of water to
combat a fire. Together with wet riser system, both of the hose reel system and wet riser system share a water
source from the same water storage tank. The system is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages
of fire and generally serves as an initial firefighting aid. If the placement of the system is recessed in the wall, a
clear label for the cabinet will be pasted on the exterior.
Figure 2.26 Hose Reel System
Figure 2.24
L1-H3-FYHR80 stands
for ‘Level 1, Hall 3,
Foyer Hose Reel 80’
Figure 2.25 Cabinet for
hose reel system and
fire extinguisher
Hose Reel
Pipework
Drum
Rubber Hose
Spray Nozzle
Stop Valve
2.1.2.5.1 Drum
The hose reel drum is a universal swing type, where the
hose drum rotates around a horizontal shaft and the hose
can be withdrawn from any direction.
2.1.2.5.2 Stop Valve
A 25mm diameter stop valve to BS 1010 is provided for
the connection of the hose reel to the water supply. Figure 2.27 Drum Figure 2.28 Stop Valve
Summary (Wet Riser System) :
The wet riser system system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under clause 231, (1) and (4)
and clause 248, (1) and (2). Since MITEC is higher than 30.5 metres, the installation of wet riser system is a
requirement. Clear indication in red and room labelling ensure fire brigades to easier recognize the locations.

Building Services
2.1.2.5.5 System Operation
The system is manually operated and activated by opening the stop valve, enabling the water to flow into the
hose that is 30 meters long. The system pressure loss will activate the pump, ensuring adequate water flow and
pressure to provide a water jet of a minimum of 10 meter from the nozzle (0.33L of water per second). The
nozzle attached to the hose enables the operator to control the direction and flow of water to the fire.
Turn water on to the hose reel
by operating the control valve
and remove the nozzle from its
bracket.
Direct the water at the base of
the flames and extinguish the
fire by using a sweeping
action.
Proceed to a safe distance
from the fire and turn the
water on by operating the
nozzle.
UBBL 1984
(2) A hose connection shall be provided in each fire fighting access lobby
2.1.2.5.3 Spray Nozzle
The shut-off nozzle assembly which is fitted at the end
of the hose is constructed of corrosion resistant material.
There are markings to indicate the open/shut positions of
the nozzle.
2.1.2.5.4 Rubber Hose
The fire hose reel is made of non-kinking, braided
rubber type and the length of the hose is 30 meter. Figure 2.30 Spray NozzleFigure 2.29 Rubber Hose

Building Services
2.1.2.6 Dry Riser System
Dry riser system is empty and is only filled with water by fire fighters when they arrive. Fire fighters will
connect the pump outlet in one of their appliances to the dry riser inlet located at fire appliance access level. The
system in MITEC consists of an empty pipe of a diameter of 150mm running up the inside of a building which
can be connected to by firefighters. Water is then drawn from the nearest public fire hydrant and this is
pressurised by the fire pump to provide water at the correct flow and pressure for fire fighting operations at the
relevant upper floor level.
Summary (Fire Hose Reel System) :
The fire hose reel system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under clause 231, (2). Each fire
lobbies is provided with the system, clearly indicated with numbering system.
UBBL 1984
[ Clause 230 ] Installation and testing of dry rising system
(1) Dry rising systems shall be provided in every building in which the topmost floor is more
than 18.3 metres but less than 30.5 metres above fire appliance access level.
Figure 2.32
Dry Riser
Inlet
Figure 2.31
Dry Riser
Outlet
Air Vent
External Wall
Summary (Dry Riser System) :
The dry riser system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under clause 230, (1) whereby
MITEC is provided with the system since it is more than 18.3 metres from the fire appliance access level

Building Services
2.1.2.7 Fire Hydrant System
A fire hydrant system is a water supply with a sufficient
pressure and flow delivered through pipes throughout a
building to strategically located network of valves for
fire-fighting purposes. Two way fire hydrant installation
in MITEC consists of a system of pipe work connected
directly to the water supply main to provide water to each
and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water
for the firemen to fight a fire. Where the water supply is
not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pumps are provided to
pressurize the fire mains. A firefighter connects a fire hose
to the fire hydrant and releases a valve to get water from
the water main. The fire hydrants are designed to allow
250 gallons of water to flow through the hydrant per
minute.
Body Material : Cast Iron to BS 1452
Outlet : Copper alloy BS 1400
Test Pressure : 30 bar (435 Psi)
Working Pressure : 20 bar (290 Psi)
Finishing : Yellow painting
Private hydrant
Figure 2.33 Fire Hydrant located at staff car park
UBBL 1984
[ Section 225 ] Detecting and extinguishing fire
(3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for
appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may be required by the Fire
Authority.
Summary (Fire Hydrant System) :
The external fire hydrant system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 225, (3)
whereby they are placed around the perimeter of the building to provide immediate access for the fire brigades
during the event of fire.

2.1.3 Non-Water Based System
Non-water fire suppression system is a fire suppression mechanism which works on putting the fire out without
using water-based agents. A common belief among the people is that the best way to fight fire is by using water.
But that is not the case, as not all fires can be dozed out using water. There are many cases where a standard
water-based fire protection system cannot and will not protect the building in the event of a fire. For instances
where you are fighting electrical fires, certain chemicals, metals, or flammable materials less dense than water
you need a specialty system to extinguish fires. In fact, most of the time water can cause more damage than
damage-controlling.
2.1.3.1 Fire Suppression System
Fire suppression system in MITEC is designed to protect a specific hazard and may be used to supplement the
active fire protection system by providing protection in the fire risk areas. To ensure proper fire protection, the
extinguishing agent compatibility with the protected hazard is concerned. The system functions to protect a
specific hazard when water is not a key suppression agent. This article will review some of the basic concepts of
three of these types of alternative fire suppression systems; wet chemical, dry chemical, and foam suppression
systems.
Building Services
Fire Suppression System
The system consists of dry chemical such as
phosphate compound monoammonium phosphate.
The dry chemical extinguishes the fire by
interrupting the chemical reaction and cutting out
the oxygen source.
Example :
ABC Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher
Dry Chemical System Gas System
The system are stored as liquid, with nitrogen used
to pressurise it. Upon releasing the chemical agent,
chemical reacts with the fire and extinguishes it. It
is suited to data rooms and switch rooms in
MITEC.
Example :
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide Suppression System

2.1.3.1.1 ABC Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher
The ABC Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher can be seen in most of the
place in MITEC. It is a portable fire extinguisher which can take down
all the major kinds of fires though it specially tackles Class A, B and C
fires. The dry chemical in the units is monoammonium phosphate.
When the ammonium phosphate and aluminum sulfate particles are
ejected with massive force from the extinguisher, they fuse together to
form an airtight barrier that completely chokes off the oxygen from a
fire. The powder chemical works differently to extinguish the various
fires. It chemically insulates a Class A fire, smothers and breaks the
chain reaction for a Class B fire and will not conduct electricity back
to the operator in a Class C fire. However it is not recommended to be
used in enclosed spaces. This is because the powder can be easily
inhaled, and also the residue is very difficult to clean up after.
Class C
Flammable gases, such
as butane, methane and
propane
Figure 2.34 ABC Fire Extinguisher in MITEC
Class A
Ordinary combustibles,
such as wood, paper,
cardboard and cloth as
well as solid plastic
Class B
Flammable liquids like
gasoline, kerosene and
diesel fuel, oil-based
paint and grease Figure 2.35 ABC Fire Extinguisher
2.1.3.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher types smothers the fire by displacing
oxygen in the air but do not leave any substances unlike the other fire
extinguishers. It is particularly useful for offices and computer server
rooms in MITEC where electrical fires may likely to occur. They also
put out Class B fires (flammable liquids, such as paint and petroleum).
It suffocates fires by displacing the oxygen the fire needs to burn. It is
placed near to the source of the fire risk areas and the fire exits in
MITEC.
Colour :
solid red
Nozzle :
a distinctive black
‘horned’ hose unlike
other fire
extinguishers
Figure 2.36 CO2
Fire Extinguisher
Building Services

2.1.3.1.3 Carbon Dioxide Suppression System
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless, and chemically inert gas that is both readily available and
electrically non-conductive that leaves no residue behind. This means any sensitive equipment that is in the
protected space is not damaged by the CO2, which reduces downtime and costs. Once the CO2 has dispersed to
safe levels from the protected space, personnel can access any damage from the fire or smoke and quickly get
back to work with no cleanup needed. It extinguishes fire primarily by lowering the level of oxygen that supports
combustion. This mechanism of fire suppression is highly effective, requiring minimal clean-up and is used in
normally unoccupied hazard locations or otherwise avoided by personnel when discharged. In MITEC, each
electrical room has an carbon dioxide suppression system.
Building Services
Diagram 2.14 System Operation Overview
UBBL 1984
[ Section 227 ] Portable Extinguishers
Portable extinguisher shall be provided in accordance with the relevant codes of practice and shall
be sited in prominent positions on exit routes to be visible from all directions and similar
extinguishers in a building shall be of the same method of operation.
Summary (Fire Extinguisher) :
The fire extinguishers system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 227, (3). The
fire extinguishers are strategically placed at many locations to be easily accessible by users in the building
during the event of fire.
System Operation
A carbon dioxide fire suppression system eliminates the oxygen to
suppress the fire. The system is equipped with a smoke and heat
detector which will trigger the alarm system and send signal to the fire
control room through the fire control panel upon detecting smoke and
temperature rise. It then releases the carbon dioxide agent into the space
it is protecting. After 30 seconds, all the gas inside will be discharged
through piping, leaving only carbon dioxide inside with the fire curtain
opened and smoke damper closed. The drop in oxygen level quickly
causes the fire to be suppressed or extinguished. On the control panel
outside, if green light lights up, it means that personnel is free to enter
the room whereas if the red light lights up, it means that the carbon
dioxide agent is being discharged and the room cannot be entered.
Extinguishing
Agent
Control
Panel
Detector
Nozzle

Building Services
Figure 2.38 Fire Curtain
Figure 2.39 Damper Figure 2.40 Solenoid 24V
DC Tripping Device
Figure 2.37 Electric Control Room
Discharge Flex Hose
Outlet Check Valve
Discharge Manifold
Manual Valve Actuator
Extinguishing Agent Cylinder
Figure 2.41 Carbon
Dioxide Suppression
System
2.1.3.2 Fireman Switch
A fireman switch is a specialized switch that allows fire brigades to disconnect power immediately from high
voltage devices that may impose danger in the event of emergency. The enclosure of the switch is made of non
flammable material and painted red to be spotted easily by fire brigades. Fire brigade uses an insulated rod
which is also known as the ‘Fireman’s Axe’ to pull the handle to locking it at ‘O’ position to isolate the utility
supply to the building. To reset, a ‘two hands grip’ must be used. In MITEC, it is located at every level at the
escape corridor and not more than 2.75 metres from the ground.
Figure 2.42 Fireman switches located at
basement escape staircase

Building Services
2.1.3.3 Voice Communication System
It is a two-way emergency communication system
connecting fireman intercoms located throughout the
building and a master telephone handset is located in the
fire control room. The fireman intercom handset is being
placed behind a locked door, housed within a red metal
cabinet and rested on a cradle. Lifting the handset from the
cradle will cause the buzzer to sound and light a ‘common
call’ indicator. A maximum call of 7 RFIS and master
handsets can communicate simultaneously.
Figure 2.43 Fireman Intercom located at basement escape
staircase (left) and fire pump room
UBBL 1984
[ Section 239 ] Voice Communication System
There shall be two separate approved continuously electrically supervised voice communications
systems, one a fire brigade communications system and the other a public address system between
the central control station and the following areas :
(a) Lifts, lift lobbies, corridors and staircases;
(b) In every office area exceeding 92.9 square metres in area;
(c) In each dwelling unit and hotel guest room where the fire brigade system may be combined
with the public address system.
Summary (Voice Communication System) :
The voice communication system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 239. The
two-way communication system ensures the connection between the master handset in the fire control room and
the remote fireman corridor. This allows efficient communication in the event of fire or emergency.
2.1.3.4 Emergency Speaker
The emergency speaker is a network of monitored loud speakers.
The speakers are distributed throughout MITEC to ensure warning
messages and tones satisfy a specific sound pressure level
(volume) and are distinctly audible throughout all required areas
of the building. Also, it ensures warning messages are intelligible
and clearly understood by the occupants.
Figure 2.44
Emergency
Speaker

Building Services
2.1.3.5 Emergency Light
An emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that
switches on automatically when a building experiences a
power outage. During an event of emergency, it is used to
illuminate the access pathways leading to the exits, fire
staircase, aisles, corridors, ramps and at the exit discharge
pathways towards public area. The level of illumination and
quality consistency of emergency illumination are the crucial
factors to the safety occupants during evacuation.
UBBL 1984
[ Section 253 ] Emergency power system
(1) Emergency power system shall be provided to supply illumination and power automatically
in the vent of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accident to elements of the
system supplying power and illumination essential for safety of life and property.
(5) Current supply shall be such that in the event of failure of the normal supply to or within the
buildings concerned, the emergency lighting or emergency power, or both emergency
lighting and power will be available within 10 seconds of the interruption of the normal
supply. The supply system for emergency purposes shall comprise one of the following
approved types:
(a) Storage Battery
Storage Battery of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain at not less
than 871/2 percent of the system voltage the total of the circuits supplying
emergency lighting and emergency power for a period of at least 11/2 hours;
(b) Generator set
A generator set driven by some form of prime mover and of sufficient capacity and
proper rating to supply circuit carrying emergency lighting or lighting and power
with suitable means for automatically starting the prime mover on failure on the
normal service.
Summary (Emergency Light) :
The emergency light system in MITEC meets the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 253, (1) and (5).
The emergency lights are well-maintained and equipped with storage battery to ensure proper lighting during the
event of emergency.
Figure 2.45 Emergency light

2.1.5 Fire Detection System
A Fire Detection System (FDS) is an alarm system that receives data on, assesses and then responds to event
reported by various detector which usually consists of smoke detector, heat detector and damper which play a
significant role in protecting the the safety of emergency personnel. Fire Detection System are permanently
installed manual and automatic systems to detect fires at the earliest stage, warn those affected and quickly
inform the relevant emergency service. A properly installed and maintained Fire Detection System commit to
save lives and largely reduces building property damage. To be useful, fire detection system should work with
fire alarm system to become a life-safety system which ensure a rapid detection of fire.
Building Services
F I R E
Manually:
Emergency Break Glass
Automatic systems:
Smoke Detector
Heat Detector
Fire Detection Control Panel
Fire Alarm System
Detected by Report to
Activate
Figure 2.46 Emergency Break Glass Figure 2.47 Smoke Detector Figure 2.48 Heat Detector Figure 2.49 Fire Detection
Control Panel
The purpose of an automatic Fire Detection System is to detect an occurrence, alert the control panel and proper
authorities, and notify the occupants to take action. All parts of MITEC to be monitored are equipped with a
network of electric cables and automatic or non-automatic detectors. These detectors are operated either
manually or triggered automatically by heat, visible or invisible smoke, or flames. From here, system are all
connected and communicate both with each other with a central control monitoring location. Only the detectors
in the immediate vicinity of the fire are activated, sending a report to the fire detection control panel. The
interconnectivity allows the control personnel to identify the location of “address” where the initial detection
occurred. Information detected will be directed to emergency response team immediately for the fire rescue
operation. Once the fire has been extinguished, the system can be made operational again quickly and simply.
Diagram 2.15 Overall layout of Fire Detection System

2.1.5.2 Smoke Detector
Smoke detector serve as an indicator for the occurrence of fire which plays a crucial role in Fire Detection
System. As the first component which can react to the fire, detector will transfer signal to fire control panel in
fire control room to activates the alarm system. In MITEC, there are generally two types of smoke detectors
which is ionization smoke detector and photoelectric smoke detector.
Building Services
Figure 2.50 Smoke Detector in Mega Exhibition Hall Figure 2.51 Smoke Detector in Control Room
The smoke detector provided in Mega Exhibition Hall
are mostly ionization smoke detector which generally
more sensitive and responsive to flaming fires. This
type of smoke detector sensitive at sending small
particles, which tend to be produced in greater
amount by hot, flaming fires, that are consuming
combustible materials rapidly and may spread
quickly. In the ionization smoke detector, if the
smoke particle enters the chamber of the ionization
detector it will reduce air ionization inside the
chamber of the ionization detector and triggers the
alarm to alert the building occupants.
The photoelectric smoke detector which uses a light
beam to help detect the presence of smoke. This
alarm types are more effective at sounding when a
fire originates from a smoldering source. Smoldering
fires may fill a room with dangerous gases before a
fire ever erupts. In a result, it is more suitable to be
implied in small room which smoke could be
accumulate in a short time of period. The presence of
suspended smoke particles in the chamber scatters the
light beam. This scattered light is detected by the light
sensitive sensor which sets off the alarm before the
smouldering fires bursting into flame.
Figure 2.52 Ionization Smoke Detector Figure 2.53 Photoelectric Smoke Detector

Building Services
Figure 2.56 Heat Detector in MITEC
2.1.5.3 Heat Detector
Heat Detector is a fire alarm device which designed to respond with sudden thermal changes or high temperature
from fire hazards around the installation area. Heat detector usually has a lower false alarm rate but it is slower
than smoke detector in detecting fires. In general, there are two types of heat detectors which are fixed
temperature heat detector and rate-of-rise heat detector.
Fixed Temperature Heat Detector:
Operate when the ambient temperature increases sufficiently to predetermined level where the heat detector will
operate. The heat is accumulated at the sensitive element due to a thermal lag. This causes the temperature of the
device to reach its operating temperature a while after the surrounding air temperature exceeds the device
temperature. When this happens, the detector is activated and an alarm is sounded.
Rate-of-rise Heat Detector (ROR):
ROR heat detectors may not respond to slowly developing fires. In order to detect slowly developing fires,
usually a fixed temperature element is added to the ROR detector which will be activated when the element
reaches the pre-set threshold temperature then triggered the alarm system.
Addressable heat detector provided in MITEC are installed in concourse
are on ground floor and Mega Exhibition Hall. Heat detectors have a
common profile with photoelectric and ionization smoke detectors but
have a lower air flow resistance case made of self-extinguishing white
polycarbonate.
Fire detected on slow increase
of ambient temperature
Fire detected on fast increase
of ambient temperature
Thermistor partially
sealed from
surrounding air
Thermistor partially
exposed to air
Diagram 2.16 Normal conditions heat detector Diagram 2.17 Fixed Temperature heat detector Diagram 2.18 ROR heat detector

Building Services
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Requirements
[ Section 153 ] Smoke detectors for lift lobbies
(1) All life lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.
(2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light
beam or photodetectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty
seconds of any interruption of the beam cause the door to close within a preset time.
[ Section 225 ] Detecting and extinguishing fire
(1) Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing fire and with
fire alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as
specified in the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws.
Summary (Smoke Detector) :
Smoke detectors and heat detectors in MITEC does fulfill the requirements stated in By-laws under Section 153
and Section 225. Both of the detector are installed on the ceiling level of the lift lobbies area in every floor to
detect fire hazard. They work together with fire alarm bell can be remotely controlled from the fire control room
as well.
Figure 2.57 Smoke and heat detectors in lift lobby
Smoke Detector
Heat Detector

2.1.4 Fire Alarm System
A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and
audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be
activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm
activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations.
2.1.4.1 Fire Alarm Control Panel
A fire alarm control panel (FACP), fire alarm control unit (FACU), or simply fire alarm panel is the controlling
component of a fire alarm system. The panel receives information from devices designed to detect and report
fires, monitors their operational integrity and provides for automatic control of equipment, and transmission of
information necessary to prepare the facility for fire based on a predetermined sequence. The panel may also
supply electrical energy to operate any associated initiating device, notification appliance, control, transmitter, or
relay. There are four basic types of panels: coded panels, conventional panels, addressable panels, and multiplex
systems.
Building Services
Diagram 2.20 Programme of type of system and hazards
Activate a Pre-discharge
Alarm
Initiate Agent Release
Shut Down Ventilation
System
Notify Emergency
Response Personnel
Activate Visual and
Audible Fire Alarm
Shut Down Machinery
Equipment
Diagram 2.19 Diagram of Alarm Control Panel Figure 2.58 Fire Alarm Control Panel

Building Services
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Requirements Fighting Access
[ Section 237 ] Fire Mode of Operation
(1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel which
may be activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the building or manually
Summary (Fire Alarm Control Panel) :
The Fire Alarm Control Panel in MITEC complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section
155(1). The fire alarm control panel is equipped with fire mimic diagram for each floor in the building to allow
efficient signal identification during fire emergency
2.1.4.1 Fire Alarm Bell
A fire alarm is an electronic sounder or a bell. The alarm makes a loud, high pitched sound to notify people that
there is a fire in the building. Fire alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat
detectors. When a fire occur, the smoke detector and heat detector will send a signal to the fire alarm control
panel to activate the alarm bell. In MITEC, the alarm bells are installed at escape corridor and car park area. It
provides alert to the occupants in the building and detailed information as to the location of the fire occurred to
meet the needs of firefighting and detection system with central control equipment.
Diagram 2.21 Fire Alarm SystemFigure 2.59 Fire Alarm Bell

2.1.4.2 Manual Call Point
A manual call point is a device which enables personnel to raise an alarm in the event of a fire incident by
pressing a frangible element to activate the alarm system. A fire alarm call point should also be spaced so that
one may always be found within a maximum distance of 30m apart. The manual call points are located nearby
the exits and doorways for the occupants of the building to break the glass therefore a warning signal will then
send to the fire alarm control panel. In MITEC, manual call point were installed at a height of 1.4m above floor
level at easily accessible and conspicuous positions. This includes on exit routes, at the entry floor landing of
staircases and at all exits to the open air. It is a quick means for a person who does not have access privileges to
certain information to gain access when necessary. It is intended to specifically cover emergency cases and the
switch is used to cut electric circuit immediately. User authentication system is used to control and monitor
access to sensitive data. It is designed to preserve security by restricting access.
Building Services
Exits /
Doorways
Manual Call
Point
Figure 2.60 Indication of location of Manual Call point Figure 2.61 Manual Call Point
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Firefighting Access
[ Section 237 ] Fire Alarms
(1) Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to there By-Laws.
(2) All premises and building with gross floor area excluding car park and storage areas
exceeding 9290 square metres or exceeding 30.5 metres in height shall be provided with a
two-storage alarm system with evacuation (continuous signal) to be given immediately in
the affected section of the premises while an alert (intermittent signal) be given in
adjoining section
(3) Provision shall be made for the general evacuation of the premises by action of master
control

Building Services
[ Section 240 ] Electrical isolation switch
(1) Every floor or zone of any floor with a net area exceeding 929 square metres shall be
provided with an electrical isolation switch located within a staircase enclosure to permit
the disconnection of electrical power supply to the relevant floor or zone served
(2) The switch shall be of a type similar to the fireman’s switch specified in Institution of
Electrical Engineers Regulation then in force
Summary (Manual Call Point) :
The fire alarm bell and manual call point used in MITEC complies to the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under
Section 237 (1) , (2) , (3) and Section 240 (1) (2). These systems are placed on every floor of the building at the
escape corridor to allow disconnection of electrical power in any case of emergency.
(Uniform Building By-Law, 2006, pp.85) (Original work published in 1984)

2.2 Passive Fire Protection System
Passive Fire Protection System (PFP) is a group of systems that compartmentalize a building through the use of
fire-resistance rated walls, doors and floors. Compartmentalizing building into smaller sections helps to contain
or delay the spread of fire and smoke from the room of fire origin to the other building spaces through fire
compartmentation. PFP attempts to limit the amount of damage done to a building and provides more time
safeguarding building occupants for evacuation. PFP systems must comply with the associated Listing and
approval use which compliance to Part VII of Uniform Building By-Laws 2006 of Malaysia in order to provide
the effectiveness expected by building codes.
Building Services
Passive Fire Protection System
Passive Fire Protection System (PFP)
Safe routes and clear
information provided for
building occupants to
access the final exit in
the shortest time.
Example :
Evacuation Route
Fire Escape Plan
Emergency Escape Sign
Exits
Assembly Point
Mean of Escape Passive Containment Fire Appliance Access
Compartmentalise a
building to limit the
spread of fire and smoke
from the origin spot to
adjacent buildings.
Example :
Compartmentation
Fire Containment
Structural Fire Protection
Proper and eligible
access for firefighter and
fire brigade appliances
in a fire incident with
ease.
Example :
Fire Service Shaft
Fire Service Lift
Fire Truck Routing
2.2.1.1 Purpose Group
According to the listed building law in Part V of Uniform Building By-Laws 2006 of Malaysia, building being
categorised accordance with their intended usage or dominant used. The anticipated fire hazards presented by
any building will predominantly be dictated by the purpose of building while each termed purpose groups
represent different levels of hazard. The level of occupancy as well as the types of material used or anticipated
fireloads possess a direct connection with the type of occupancy which hold different physical dimensions limits
or parameters to achieve the minimum passive safety requirements as well as the fire safety installations
necessary to comply with the UBBL.

Building Services
UBBL 1984
[ Section 134 ] Designation of purpose groups
For the purpose of this Part every building or compartment shall be regarded according to its use or
intended use as falling within one of the purpose groups set out in the Fifth Schedule to these
By-laws and, where a building is divided into compartments used or intended to be used for
different purposes, the purpose group of each compartment shall be determined separately:
Provided that where the whole or part of the building or compartment, as the case may be, is used or
intended to be used for more than one purpose, only the main purpose of use of that building or
compartment shall be taken into account in determining into which purpose group it falls.
Summary (Purpose Group):
MITEC serves as a place of assembly which offers 13 meeting rooms in various sized that can be configured for
a multitude of functions, such as conference, ballroom, concerts, indoor sports and exhibition hall. The purpose
group of MITEC are compartmented and regarded accordingly while complies with the to the UBBL 1984, Part
VII: Fire Requirements, with the purpose group of IV (Office) and VII (Places of Assembly) The user group
within MITEC is centered around office workers and professionals.
(Uniform Building By-Law, 2006, pp. 45, 46, 47) (Original work published in 1984)

2.2.2 Means of Escape
A clear, ongoing and obstructed free way travel from anypoint within a workplace to a place of safety. By using
enclosed corridors or emergency staircases of each floor to safeguard the building occupants to the final exit
from interior building structure. Mean of escape cover evacuation route, storey exit, fire escape plan, emergency
escape sign, horizontal exit vertical exit and assembly point.
2.2.2.1 Evacuation Route
MITEC consists of 3 main superstructure level of main hall, 3 mezzanine floors serve as concourse and 1.5
substructure level of basement parking area. MITEC as a largest exhibition centre in Malaysia reach about 64
meters from ground level which encompassess a total of 11 exhibition halls, a three-acre pillar-less
multi-purpose hall with up to 36 metre high ceilings. Exhibition hall in level 1 and 2 with a height of 15 meters
and 12 meters respectively. Both North and South Entrance acts as the main exit on ground floor for all building
occupants from every levels to evacuate to the open area away from the building to the final assembly point.
Occupants from each levels will evacuate through the emergency staircase vertically downwards or upwards
towards the ground floor level and horizontally out from the exit point towards the assembly point.
Building Services
Diagram 2.22 Section showing general direction of evacuation route from each level to ground floor
Horizontal exit routes Vertical exit routes Assembly Point
SECTION A-A’

Evacuation Route - Basement 1 & Basement 1A
Emergency route in both basement parking area allows occupant to circulate vertically towards through fire
escape staircase to the assembly point on ground floor. Both basement allocate with fire escape staircase in
uniform travel pattern which aid to lead building occupants escape from basement through an axial circulation.
Fire escape staircase in basement intersperse in between the parking area to ease the building occupants
converge towards the nearest emergency staircase from their current location. The uniform spatial circulation
implied in both these levels result a coherent circulation pattern which easier to be identity by users to access and
evacuate from basement.
Building Services
Diagram 2.23 Evacuation Route on Basement 1
Diagram 2.24 Evacuation Route on Basement 1A
Figure 2.62 Fire escape staircase towards main lobby Figure 2.63 Fire escape staircase 2 on Basement 1
Escape Route
Emergency Staircase
Escape Route
Emergency Staircase
BASEMENT 1
BASEMENT 1A

Evacuation Route - Level 1
MITEC provide two main opening exits towards north, south exit point for usual circulation or during the
emergency cases. Building occupants are also free to exit through many emergency exit along the building
boundaries depends on their current location on ground level which aids in easing movement during high
occupancy period. The fire escape staircase at the main lobby provide a direct exit from building structure for the
evacuation of building occupants from basement level. Concourse on ground floor provide ample area for
horizontal circulation purpose which able to disperse the flow of occupancy effectively.
Building Services
Diagram 2.25 Evacuation route on ground floor
Figure 2.64 Immense area for horizontal circulation Figure 2.65 Multiple exit available on ground floor
Assembly Point LEVEL 1

Building Services
Evacuation Route - Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3
The evacuation route from Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 is uniformed. Each multipurpose hall provide four exits
which facing west and east side for building occupants to evacuate from the hall. The emergency staircase is
located at both side of each of the exit throughout these levels which aims to prevent accumulation of occupants
in one exit point during emergency cases. The symmetrical escaping circulation along the axis result a repeated
escape pattern to provide ease of escaping while directing evacuees to the ground floor later discharged off from
the building.
Escape Route
Emergency Staircase
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3

Building Services
Evacuation Route - Level 1A, Level 2A and Level 3A
Mezzanine floor such as Level 1A, Level 2A and Level 3A which only serve as kitchen, suraus, staff rest area,
office area, auditorium and multipurpose room does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building due to
the multiple volume of exhibition hall which centralise in the building plan. The fire escape staircase are in
between the functional room to ensure the circulation of building occupants distributed equally along the
floorspace directed downwards to the lobby at ground floor.
Escape Route
Emergency Staircase
LEVEL 1A
LEVEL 2A
LEVEL 3A

Summary (Evacuation Route) :
It may be said that the existing evacuation route in MITEC is straightforward and uncomplicated which can be
easily determined by building occupants through the exit signages throughout the building. In order to convey a
deep understanding towards emergency evacuation route for building occupants, MITEC assist every users by
providing fire escape plan from each floor with clear annotations of emergency staircase and fire escape route.
The emergency fire escape plan from each floor is attach on respective lift lobby as a constant reminder for the
users of way of escape which aims to ensure everyone could safely evacuate from building structure in case of
emergency.
Building Services
Figure 2.66 Fire escape plan provided on ground floor lift lobby
Figure 2.67 Fire escape plan provided on lift lobby floor 1A
Figure 2.68 Fire escape plan with clear annotations on floor 2

UBBL 1984
Seventh Schedule - Maximum Travel Distance
* No requirements or not applicable.
2.2.2.2 Travel Distance to Exit
Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with emergency exits which are sufficient to
permit safe escape for building users in case of any emergency incidents arise. Emergency exit shall be located
in a way that the actual distance to be travelled by building occupant from any point within the floor area to the
nearest exits shall not exceed the maximum travel distance stated in building laws. The maximum travel distance
to exits and dead-ends are further elaborated and stated within the context of the Seventh Schedule of the
By-laws. It is to demonstrate the distance of travel implemented in MITEC to provide necessity for evacuees
during a case of an emergency.
Building Services
Purpose Group
Limit when alternative exits are available (metre)
Dead-End Limit Unsprinklered Sprinklered
IV. Office 15 45 60
VII. Places of Assembly NR 45 61
MITEC possess the purpose group as places of assembly and office accommodates the adequate travelling
distance in their plans along with the presence of automatic fire sprinkler system on each and every floor. The
maximum travel distance towards a emergency staircase can be 60 metre for office area and 61 metre for the
places of assembly which points to the mega exhibition hall in MITEC. Every exit which provided in MITEC are
sited and arrange within the limit travel distance as specified in the Seventh Schedule in By-laws and being easy
accessible without obstructions at all times. The two main exit points which implemented in MITEC which
facing the north and south supported by many additional emergency exit along the building boundaries in order
to provide the shortest possible travel distance for safeguarding the building occupants out from the building
structure during emergency cases.

Building Services
Travel Distance to Exit - Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3
In MITEC, Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 serve the common purpose as the places of assembly where 13 of the
mega exhibition hall are located among these floors. As mentioned the maximum distance travel for places of
assembly under automatic sprinkler system shall not exceed 61 metres.
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2

Building Services
Travel Distance to Exit - Level 1A, Level 2A and Level 3A
As an international exhibition centre, three mezzanine floors in MITEC accommodate with office area by staff
members, building management team and authorised personnel to support the daily operation of this building.
The entire building including Level 1A, Level 2A and Level 3A are all under protection from sprinkle system
which result in the maximum travel distance should be within 60 metres from any point to the fire escape exit.
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1A

Building Services
Diagram 2.37: Distance radius as 61 metres on Level 3A
The highlighted area in level 3A floor plan is not compliant with the standard travel distance stated in By-laws.
However, the highlighted area is where the service rooms located. On regular basis, the rooms has low
occupancy level. Other than technicians who would visit the rooms more often for maintenance and regular
check-up, there would be nearly no user who would visit the rooms.
Not compliant
LEVEL 2A
LEVEL 3A

Building Services
Travel Distance to Exit - Basement 1 and Basement 1A
Basement in MITEC meets the requirements stated in By-laws that as the maximum distance travel for places of
assembly under automatic sprinkler system shall not exceed 61 metres. Escape distance from any point from
both basement are all within 61 metres.
Diagram 2.38 Distance radius as 61 metres on Basement 1
Diagram 2.39 Distance radius as 61 metres on Basement 1A
BASEMENT 1
BASEMENT 1A

Summary (Travel Distance to Exit) :
As shown in all the diagrams above, all exit points are arranged within the maximum travel distance for building
occupants to escape the building in the shortest time possible in case of emergency. The spacious concourse area
on ground level able to escort building users escape from the building even during high occupancy level. Other
than the insufficient vertical exit on level 3A which has less occupants since most of the rooms are service
rooms, evacuation routes in MITEC are well-designed and efficiently planned, exit points provided are obvious
and unobstructed at all times. To conclude, the measurement of distance travel to exit within MITEC meets the
requirement stated in By-laws under Section 165 (1), Section 166 (1), (2) and Section 169.
Building Services
UBBL 1984
[ Section 165 ] Measurement of travel distance to exits
(1) The travel distance to an exit shall be measured on the floor or other walking surface along
the centre line of the natural path of travel, starting 0.300 metre from the most remote
point of occupancy, curving around any corners or obstructions with 0.300 metre clearance
therefrom and ending at the storey exit. Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be
taken in the plane of the trend noising.
[ Section 166 ] Exits to be accessible at all times
(1) Except as permitted by by-law 167 not less than two separate exits shall be provided from
each storey together with such additional exits as may be necessary.
(2) The exits shall be so sited and the exit access shall be so arranged that the exits are within
the limits of travel distance as specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws and are
readily accessible at all times.
[ Section 169 ] Exit route
No exit route may reduce in width along its path of travel from the storey exit to the final exit.

2.2.2.3 Arrangement of Storey Exit
A storey exit is a final exit or doorway that serve as an access point for building occupants into a
protected stairway, firefighting lobby or external escape route. Storey exit in each of the mega
exhibition hall are all located more than 4.5 metres to each other which fulfill the restriction stated in
By-Laws. Storey exits in MITEC show their position clearly to the building occupants by the fire
escape signage located above on every storey exit which illuminated continuously during period of
occupancy .
Building Services
Figure 2.70 North exit point on ground floorFigure 2.69 South exit point on ground floor
Diagram 2.40 Mega exhibition hall highlighted with 4.5 metres
radius distance at the storey exits
Diagram 2.41 Mega exhibition hall highlighted with 4.5
metres radius distance at the storey exits

BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEM MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEM MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

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